Mapiri a Roma: khadi ndi mbiri

Likulu la Italy - Rome ndi chimodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Poyamba inali m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa Tiber. Iye ankatchedwa "wosatha" kapena "Mzinda pa mapiri asanu ndi awiri." Rome anali kwenikweni anamanga pamapiri, omwe analekana ndi zimakhalanso kwambiri, koma yaing'ono m'zigwa kukula. Tsopano likulu wakale wakula analanda dera mbali zonse za mtsinje. Tsopano iye ali kale pa mapiri khumi, koma pali mapu a Roma, amene amalembedwa malo apachiyambi a Pamudzi, zokhudza mapiri asanu ndi awiri okha.

mwachidule

Koma mbiri ya City Wamuyaya, iye anayamba kumanga pa lamanzere gombe la Tiber Mtsinje. Mapiri a Roma anali atakhazikika pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, kumene kunali Pamudzi, wakhala chapakati chimodzi - Palatine, ndiye Eskvilin, ndiye Capitol ndi Quirinal, pang'ono kenako Viminal, Caelian ndi Aventine. Ndipotu, anali m'gulu malire mzinda, Aroma adayamba kamodzi pa chaka pa December 11 kukondwerera Tsiku semiholmiya.

kumene kuthetsa wakale, ndi lochokera kwa chiphala anakhazikitsidwa. Kutalika kwa mapiri ndi zaka mozungulira 40-50 mamita pamwamba mlingo mtsinje.

Palatine

Iwo anali naye, nayamba mbiri ya City Wamuyaya. Malinga ndi nthano, m'tsinde mwa phiri madzi a Tiber anawolokera mtanga ndi ana - Romulus ndi Remus lomwe kenako anayambitsa Roma. Apa pagombe panali phanga, komwe ankakhala nkhandwe amene suckled ndi abale. phiri ili dzina lake polemekeza mulungu wamkazi sizingafanane - woyang'anira woyera wa abusa.

Kuyambira mzinda linakhazikitsidwa, mu gawo ili la Ancient Rome wakhala likulu la mphamvu, kumene patricians, mafumu ndi mafumu moyo. Ankaikonda pano anamanga nyumba zachifumu zawo zazikulu - Domus. Zidutswa anapulumuka lero.

Eskvilin

Dzinali anamasuliridwa ngati "mzinda". Izo kale tanenera kuti mapiri Aroma wotanganidwa ndi motsatana. Pambuyo pa Palatine anakhala phiri ili. Pa nthawiyi, iye anali kwenikweni inasanduka mzinda zonyasa. Komanso, apa anawatengera chilango ndipo anakonza kumanda kumene m'manda osauka ndi akapolo. manda ao anali maenje kwambiri ndithu kumene mitembo ndi mwazisiya.

Mu ulamuliro wa Augustus, ndi manda anadzazidwa, ndi okongola a Maecenas akhakula pa malo ake. Komanso pa Esquiline anamanga dongosolo lonse la mipope madzi.

Capitol

zitunda zonse ku Roma anali ndi cholinga chake. phiri ili anali kwathunthu anamanga mipingo. Pamene mmodzi wa iwo anadzipereka kwa mulungu wamkazi Juno Moneta kumene anakhala atsekwe otchuka zoti kulira kwake kofuula Aroma adani likuyandikira. Komanso okonzeka ndi bwalo choyamba, kumene anayambitsa ndalama. Iwo ankatchedwa "makobidi" polemekeza mulungu wamkazi m'deralo.

Padziko Capitol nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Servius Tullius inamangidwa khoma kudzera amene Hill anakhala angaloŵe achitetezo. Mu malo ake kachisi wa Jupiter. Pansi pake panali miyala, amene anachititsa kwe wathunthu. Mu Middle Ages, dera la phiri yekha yaikulu yomanga unali mpingo wa St. Mary. Polowera wake masitepe, kumene kunali masitepe 122. Linamangidwa mu ulemu wa chipulumutso mzindawo ku mliri.

Quirinal

Pafupifupi onse mapiri a Ancient Rome ali nthano zake. Quirinale kwambiri, anali nazonso. Iye dzina lake polemekeza mulungu Quirinus nkhondo, nampembedza wakale Sabines. Malinga ndi nthano poyamba amuna okha ankakhala ku Roma. Kamodzi Romulus aitanidwa ku phwando la Sabines. Pa mwambo wokumbukira Aroma anaba alendo atsikana onse anakwatiwa iwo. Chifukwa cha ichi, kunabuka nkhondo, amene oba anayamba kusewera.

Malinga ndi nthano nkhondo anaima ndi akazi okha, monga kale amakonda mabanja Roma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, magulu omenyanawa adalowa pangano mtendere. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfundo yake yaikulu mkhalidwe umene Sabinsky wolamulira Tito Tatius anakhala wolamulira wa Rome pa ndime ndi Romulus.

Viminal

Dzina la phiri amatanthauza "msondodzi phiri" chifukwa otsetsereka wake kwathunthu ataphimbidwa ndi mitengo. Poyamba izo kumene kuli mwa Sabines. The zikuchokera Wamuyaya City Quirinal ndi Viminal ikuphatikizapo Aroma pambuyo atigwira atsikana. Pa nthawi ya ufumu wa m'deralo anachita makamaka amamanga nyumba zogona anthu ochokera kalasi m'munsi.

Palinso wotchuka wakale Roma osambira - osambirapo wa Diocletian, chimakwirira kudera la mahekala pafupifupi 13. Iwo imodzi akhoza malo ogona anthu 3200. Pa gawo la mawu ali mwana okongola, kumenya akasupe zozizwitsa, komanso laibulale inali. Komanso, Viminal Hill anali malo komwe ankakhala Asilikaliwa, ntchito ya mlonda la mkulu wa Rome.

Celio

Monga amadziwika, poyamba anali Ancient Rome, mwachidule pa mapiri omwe anafotokoza m'nkhani, inathetsedwa omangidwa kwambiri - dera limeneli kumangidwa imodzi otsiriza. Celio dzina lake pambuyo Etruscan Celes Vibenny. Iye ankaona ngati kholo la plebeians Roma, kotero dziko m'dera lokhalamo yekha ndi mbadwa zake. Only mu I m'ma ndinafika apa mukudziwa. Mbuto ikulu ya kulambira pa phiri panali kachisi wa Claudius Mulungu, koma, mwatsoka, pa nyumba ino aakulu okha zidutswa ochepa.

Aventine

Dzina lake polemekeza mfumu Aventina Silviya, amene analamulira pambuyo Romulus. Limodzi la zakale wakale mapu Rome kusungidwa, lomwe limasonyeza kuti phiri ili, mosiyana ndi ena, adali kuthetsedwa. Koma mu masiku a Republic, iye anali wolemera kumangidwa ndi nyumba zosiyana. Kwenikweni munkakhala akapolo ndi plebeians. Koma mu nthawi ya Ufumu anayamba kukhazikika m'dera ndi olemekezeka wolemera.

Mfumu Aurelian, amene analamulira m'zaka III, ali anakwanitsa zaka 4 monga kumanga mpanda zimene zinkachitika mapiri onse asanu ndi awiri a Roma. M'litali zaka 19 Km, kutalika - 8 m, ndi makulidwe -. 3.4 mamita Pa pakhoma panali 383 nsanja ndi 18 zipata. Pamene Roma anagonjetsa Goths, izo lowonongeka ndi pang'ono ankaiphwasula. Komabe, mu mpanda Kubadwa Kwatsopano linakhalanso ndi, Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti bwino anasunga mpaka pano.