Mzinda wamkulu (mu dziko ndi m'mayiko ena)

Ikani kuthetsa anthu anasankha kalekale. Padakali padziko lathuli zimasungika Pamudzi, anakhazikitsa zaka zambiri zapitazo. Modabwitsa kwambiri kuti si onse amene adzasiyidwa. Ambiri a iwo akupitirizabe kuwira moyo. mizinda ndi otchuka kwambiri, kukopa zowoneka zodabwitsa ndi malo wopatulika, amene, monga ulamuliro, pali zambiri. Iwo zinapatsira ndi mzimu wa mbiri, ndipo umalakalaka kwambiri. Funso la m'badwo wawo woona nthawi zonse kukambirana ndiponso asayansi zambiri anakumana ndi umboni otsutsana.

Akukhulupirira kuti ambiri mzinda wakale padziko lapansi - ichi Yeriko. Mwina, idamangidwa mu 9000 BC malo Hrs - dziko la Palestine. Ndi mzinda wamkulu padziko lapansi, lotchedwa mu masiku athu. The zofukulidwa wa akatswiriwa anawulula zotsalira za midzi 20 anasunga pano. Iwo chifukwa cha zaka zoposa 11,000. Izi ndi mzinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko anakhazikitsidwa mu mtsinje wa Yorodano, pa gombe la kumadzulo. Masiku ano, pafupifupi 20,000 anthu amakhala pano.

No zochepa chidwi wakhazikitsidwa mwa mzinda Foinike Hebe. Dzinali pakali pano ali pano vozivshih amtunduwu Ahelene, ndipo kenako iye anapatsidwa dzina la Baibulo. Ndi mzinda wamkulu mu Lebanon. Popeza maziko ake akhulupirire 5000 BC Ake kukopa waukulu alendo ndi St. Church Ioanna Krestitelya, mpanda wolimba Byblos, akachisi Foinike. Onsewo zinamangidwa ndi Akhristu m'nthawi ya 12. Chimakopa chidwi cha alendo ndi mzinda wa zaka makoma akale.

Ngati mzinda kwambiri ambiri mu Syria, Aleppo (Halab) okwana anthu mamiliyoni 4.4 okhala m'mwemo lero. Ndi mzinda wamkulu kuti ali ndi chiwerengero lalikulu la anthu. Idamangidwa mpaka kumbuyo 4300 BC Lero, pa malo a mzinda wakale pali nyumba ano, kayendetsedwe ndi zogona nyumba, umene kwambiri kumalepheretsa kubala zofukulidwa m'mabwinja. Malowa ali ndi nkhani zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kwa zaka zambirimbiri, mphamvu anali pano Ahiti, Asuri Pamapeto pake, Agiriki ndi Aperisiya. Panthawi zosiyanasiyana munkakhala Aroma, Byzantines ndi Aluya. mzinda Msiriya mobwerezabwereza zagonjetsedwa kwa nkhondo ndi kugonjetsa mizinda ya Akhristu, ndiye kukanakhala kumuphwanyira asilikaliwa ndi Ottoman.

mzinda wina wapadera - likulu la Syria, Damasiko. maziko ake imagwera pa nthawi yofanana ndi maziko a Aleppo. Mu ena amanena izo m'gulu kumene kuli mzinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Akukhulupirira kuti anthu akhalemo ngakhale 10,000 BC Zimenezi zili mkangano mpaka tsopano. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kalelo Aramaeans amene anafika kuno anathyola zopezera m'ngalande kuti maziko a kapezedwe ano madzi ndi masiku athu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anakhala wa midzi zofunika kwambiri mu dziko.

Damasiko zinawombedwanso ndi kuukira kunja. asilikali ake anapambana Wamkulu, Aroma, iwo anali Aluya ndi Turkey. Damasiko chotchuka kwambiri ndi alendo, chifukwa kumeneko anakhalabe ambiri zowoneka mbiri.

Likulu la Aelamu Ufumu, Susa, anakhazikitsidwa mu 4200 BC Mu Iran, ndi mzinda amakezana. Iwo anapambana pa nthawi ya Asuri, ndipo kenako, mu ulamuliro wa Kira Velikogo, iye anadza ku malo a mfumu ya Perisiya Ahmenidov mafumu. Kodi zochita ndi masewero wamkulu wa Aeschylus "Aperisiya", umene ukutchulidwa kwambiri mu mbiri ya zisudzo. City panopa ali anthu 65,000 ndipo amatchedwa Shusha.

Mzinda wamkulu mu Egypt - Faiyum izo. Kale, apa ankaopedwa mulungu Sobek, amasonyezedwa ndi mutu wa ng'ona. Chaka maziko a mzinda ankaona 4000 BC Inkakhala ku kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Cairo. Modern Fayoum kudziwika zikuluzikulu misika, mizikiti ndi malo osambira. Pafupi ndi piramidi Hawara ndi Lehin.

mzinda, anakhazikitsa padziko 4000 BC, ankaona Chibugariya Plovdiv ndi Lebanon Sidoni. Plovdiv amakopeka zipilala ambiri wakale, ndi Sidoni ndi chidwi mbiri, chifukwa apa kuti anayamba kukula lalikulu Mediterranean ufumu wa Thracians.