Admiralty nyumba, St. Petersburg: mbiri, malongosoledwe

Petersburg Admiralty nyumba ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zambiri kuzindikira kwa mzindawo. Linamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Peter ine ndipo popeza ntchito ngati malo malo matabwa, mautumiki ndi mabungwe ena onse.

The brainchild a Peter I

Kufunika kuti nyumba Admiralty akuimira mzinda, zikungosonyezeratu kuti inamangidwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa likulu latsopano. Peter ndinali akukhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha mapulani ndi zojambula za doko la zombo zapanyanja wofunikila nyumba ndi magalimoto magalimoto. zofunika ntchito zonse kukonzekera zachitika miyezi yochepa chabe, ndipo mu 1705 panali nyumba yoyambirira ya Admiralty.

Chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi imeneyo Russia anali pa nkhondo ndi Sweden (kuphatikizapo nyanja), nyumba yonse malonda akachita mwa makoma ndipo bastions kumbuyo. Iwo zinali zofunika pa nkhani ya kuzinga Petersburg, ngakhale sankadziwa ntchito. Sitima yoyamba, anapanga kwathunthu mu Admiralty, unayambitsidwa mu 1706.

Pa nthawi yomweyo anaonekera lamulo (utumiki wofanana), amene lonse Russian zombo. Popeza Peter ndinali kuchita zija wake wa likulu latsopano limene Komanso mtima wa shipbuilding ake.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, kuwonjezera pa nyumba zaboma, izo linaikidwa pa safanana, kukambirana ndi slipways, amene analenga bwalo latsopano. Channel Admiralty unachitikira pamodzi nyumbayi, yemwe anakhala m'gulu la logwirizana la njira m'tawuni. Choncho, malo awa analinso mayendedwe lalikulu likulu.

Ngalawa spire ndi

Woyamba Admiralty nyumba anamangidwanso mu 1711, ndipo patapita zaka eyiti, izo analandira spire zake zotchuka. Pamwamba pa sitima pabwino wake chithunzi, zopangidwa ndi ambuye Dutch, wotchuka chifukwa cha chikondi chake kwa apanyanja. Ndi zinachitikira ku Ulaya, Peter anayesetsa kuphunzutsa mu mzinda wa maloto awo.

Pa boti nsanja amakhalabe lakuthwa mikangano ofufuza ndi olemba mbiri a. Wonse chiphunzitso cha chifaniziro chake osiyanitsidwa kumeneko. Pali awiri otchuka amazionera. Wina akunena kuti ngalawa chitsanzo anali sitima yoyamba, amene adatenga pa doko wake wa St. Petersburg. Kuyambira pachiyambi, panali mosangalatsa kwambiri, ndi yabwino Wharf wakhala kunyumba kwa anthu oyendetsa ambiri. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso china, chithunzi sitimayo unalembedwa ku silhouette wa frigate "Mphungu". Icho chinali warship loyamba la zombo Russian anamanga dongosolo la bambo Petro, Alexei Mikhailovich, mu zaka 60 za m'ma XVII.

The spire wa Admiralty anakonza kangapo. Pa njira izi, bwato anasintha. Pankhaniyi, choyambirira chithunzi, anapanga ndi Dutch mu zaka za Peter Ine, anatayika. Spire yomweyo anakopeka anthu a mumzindawo. Pakuti iwo wakhala chizindikiro zosavomerezeka wa St. Petersburg. Sitima Admiralty mu malo amene angathe kupikisana ndi Mkuwa pamahatchi, drawbridges ndi Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII

Pa zaka linakhalapo, nyumba Admiralty ku St. Petersburg, anamangidwanso kangapo. Mu 1730, ntchentche. wamanga Ivan Korobov anamanga nyumba mwala latsopano, m'malo a nyumba achikale. Mu ntchito iyi woyambitsa Peter anasunga mawonekedwe akale, koma anasintha maonekedwe, chopatsa chadzaoneni.

Importance zooneka wapakamwa mkulu kwambiri chifukwa cha Admiralty anali pa mphambano ya chachikulu ndi misewu lotanganidwa mwa likulu - ndi Nevsky Prospekt, Voznesensky Prospekt ndi Gorokhovskaya misewu. Pomwepo adadza otchedwa "singano" - ndi gilded spire.

Pa zaka zoposa izi, akuluakulu a mizinda mwadongosolo zikugwira munthu wina ndi kukonzanso malo pafupi ndi zovuta lapansi. Pa maholide, anakhala amakonda kusonkhana onse malo. Kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wa Elizabeth anali wopalidwa kwathunthu dambo mipikisanoyo nyumbayi. Izi njira kukwera yomweyo anakhala otchuka pakati alendo ndi alendo omwe.

Kuthirira malo ozungulira Admiralty anatumikira monga nsanja chapakati cha Zochita apanyanja. Njira zakale thoroughfare mumzinda nthawi yatsekera. Pamene Elizabeti anayamba kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse pa kuyeretsa.

Zakharov ntchito

Mu zaka za m'ma XVIII linamangidwa ndi Zima Palace. Imagwirizana kalembedwe, yomwe kenako dzina Elizabethan Baroque. The Palace ali pafupi kwambiri kwa Admiralty. Awo kukwapula dissimilarity ndi yoperekedwa kwa nyengo zosiyana mosavuta loonetsa. Choncho, chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, akuluakulu a mzinda takambiranazi ntchito angapo Sinthani ndi kukonzanso kwa nyumba Admiralty.

Pa udindo wa katswiri wa zomangamanga amatsogolera anasankhidwa Andreyan Zakharov. Iye anayamba ntchito mu 1806 anamwalira ndipo alibe nthawi kuti mwana wake. ntchito ake anapitiriza ana. Iwo sizinasinthe malonjezo zikuluzikulu ndipo akufuna Zakharov.

The wapakamwa latsopano Admiralty

Malinga ndi pempholo wamanga a linadzamangidwanso lonse la Admiralty. Ku nyumba yakale wakhala nsanja makedzana, chimene chimakhazikika ndi spire gilded ndi ngalawa. Iwo anali anagwetsa ndi mpanda akale, anakhalabe mu mzinda kuyambira Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo. Tsopano likulu anali ndi moyo wamtendere ndi kufunika mu bastions anatha. Pa malo ukapolo anaonekera otchuka ndi anthu a St. Petersburg Boulevard. Tsopano apa pali ang'ono adamfunsa Alexander Garden.

Kutalika kwa wapakamwa latsopano anali mamita 400. njira yonse mapulani Zakharov zagwiridwa ndi cholinga chimodzi chokha - kutsindika kufunikira yofunika kwambiri yomanga Admiralty mu mawonekedwe a likulu. St. Petersburg kenako, ndipo tsopano ndi zovuta kuganizira popanda wotchuka wapakamwa cha zovuta boma.

nyumba yokongola

Kubwezeretsa ntchito za XIX m'zaka za m'ma anawonjezera gulu loyimba wa Main Admiralty ziboliboli ambiri atsopano kuti zonse chifanizo wachuma wa nyumbayi. reliefs kukongoletsa, olengedwa mwa ambuye Russian, akuonetsedwa nkhani wakale ndi nthano, komanso mbiri ya zombo Russian. Zonsezi zimatsindika udindo lachifumu monga kwambiri mphamvu apanyanja, amene zombo ndinawapanikiza nyanja ya dziko.

Mu chaka cha zomangamanga (1823) lakonzedwa ndi Zakharov zovuta muli yake yapadera mkati. Ambiri lili lero, ndi lero ndi wamtengo wapatali chikhalidwe. mbali yofunika ya zipinda Admiralty ndi rigor awo ndi osiyana ndi pamodzi ndi olemera, kuwala, kulenga m'mlengalenga zodabwitsa.

Citadel zombo

Chidwi nkhani Admiralty zikuphatikizapo nthawi zosiyana za ntchito. Poyamba, malinga ndi malangizo a Peter, gulu panyanja inali mu nyumba, ndipo kenako - Utumiki wa apanyanja.

Palinso likulu, limene anthu ake anali kwambiri lotchedwa admirals Ufumu. Mkati mwa makoma awa, zochita zinalengedwa madzulo makampeni kiyi asilikali mbiri ya Romanovs. Njira anabadwa ndi mgwirizano pa Admiralty, anali ntchito pa ntchito panyanja mu Crimea nkhondo ndi nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Naval Museum

Wamba ndi mwayi chabe kuti ena Corps nyumba yaikulu. Makamaka kuyambira maonekedwe a Admiralty mmenemo anapeza Naval Museum. Pali anali manda chofunika kwambiri ndi Petrine nyengo. Mwachitsanzo, zinali sitima zitsanzo chithunzichi ndipo makalata la mfumu choyamba, ponena kukhazikitsidwa kwa Baltic zombo.

Pamaso 1939 owonetsera zakale wolemera umene nyumba Admiralty. Wazomangamanga Zakharov kukodzedwa malo zisudzo kuti ndi m'badwo uliwonse onse adakula ndipo ndinakulira. Mu Stalin nyengo, m'nyumbayi anasamukira ku nyumba ya zakale St. Petersburg Stock Kusinthana pa Muvi Vasilevsky Island.

Pamene wotsiriza wa Romanovs

magalimoto zomangamanga pa dera la Admiralty inatha mu 1844. zida wonse udasokonezeka kuti Novoadmiralteyskuyu doko la zombo zapanyanja. Chifukwa cha ichi, palibe mu ngalande ozungulira zovuta. Iwo anagona. Choncho panthawi ino panali Horseguards Boulevard.

Mu 1863 ndi lamulo la Mfumu Alexander Wachiwiri, mpingo kakang'ono m'kati zovuta za Admiralty analandira udindo wa Cathedral wa Woyera Saint Spyridon. Ndiye belu nsanja anamangidwira. kusintha tiyenera kusonyeza maonekedwe a nyumba yaikulu. Orthodox sanali ziboliboli zosonyeza milungu yachikunja - mawonekedwe a nkhani wakale m'nthano.

Ena nthawi pakati pa atsogoleri ndi Utumiki Naval anali mpikisano pafupi. Pomaliza, Alexander II anavomera kupita ku gawo mpingo. kwakhala amakumana ziboliboli zingapo ndi zinthu zina luso. Kuwonongedwa kwa zipilala zinachitika ngakhale zionetsero wolimba wa mapulani ndi amisiri wa Petersburg.

Mu 1869, a Admiralty Tower anapeza oyimba yake akatulutsidwa Europe. Anapachikidwa kwa zaka makumi anai kenako anali m'malo mwa analogi latsopano magetsi nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas II. Admiralty zimachitika kwambiri malo a ntchito ndi mamembala a Romanov mafumu, monga ena achibale mafumu analandira chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri mu apanyanja. Mwachitsanzo, Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich anali kuyang'anira onse Utumiki Naval mu nthawi kuchokera 1855 mpaka 1881.

modernity

Pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, boma Bolshevik waika mu Naval School nyumbayi. Posakhalitsa analandira dzina Feliksa Dzerzhinskogo. Restaurant ndiponso kuti atsegule akatswiri. Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu zaka 30 Admiralty zinali pamalo abwino zofunika zasayansi kwa kupanga injini miyala.

Mwamwayi, nyumba pafupifupi si kuonongeka ndi kuukira German mpweya pa kuzinga Leningrad. The spire wotchuka ndi ngalawa anali mchimake. Otsiriza yaikulu kubwezeretsedwa kwa nyumbayi zinachitika mu Brezhnev nyengo mu 1977.

Mu nthawi pambuyo Soviet mwa anthu a St. Petersburg ndi mkangano waukulu za tsogolo la Admiralty. Mu 2013, nsanja spire ndi panali mpingo Orthodox, kutsegula kwa amene panafika ndi akazembe pamwamba pa zombo Russian.