Siteji ya chitukuko cha anthu, monga Marx ndi Toffler

Dziko zamakono monga ife tikudziwira izo lero, zinalengedwa zaka masauzande ambiri ndipo panali osati osati kwambiri chifukwa zaluso zamanja. Ndipo mofanana pa mapangidwe ake zakhudza Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe. Nthawi iliyonse m'mbiri ya chitukuko anthu iyoyomwe mbali khalidwe. Mu lingaliro umoyo ndale chuma zaka otsiriza, panali anthu ambiri maganizo osiyana kwambiri ndi njira nsoka wa ndondomeko mbiri pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana chitukuko cha anthu. Lero, wotchuka kwambiri gulu la futurologist American Alvin Toffler. Last anasankha siteji yotsatira ya Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe m'mbiri:

• Agrarian anthu. Iwo ankaimira anthu pafupifupi kwathunthu wamba. Ndi ULIMI ndi bestovarny chikhalidwe cha ulimi amadziwika imeneyi chitukuko.
• Industrial anthu. Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa cha chachikulu zaluso njira zamakono Masiku ano m'malo a ntchito yamanja kuti makina ndi mafakitale. pasukuluyi akhala akuthandiza kwambiri Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe, kudzipheralo ndi intensification ubale capitalist ndi stratification chikhalidwe.
• Post-mafakitale anthu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti siteji ya chitukuko chikhalidwe si kumafalikira kulikonse dzikoli. mayiko a "dziko lachitatu" lero nkomwe akukumana mafakitale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ambiri limati akhala kale gawo lino, kulowa siteji zambiri. anthu Post-mafakitale amakhala ndi chakuti anthu ambiri mu izo salinso chinkhoswe mu ulimi wa chuma. njira izi makina. Tsopano, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ntchito aluntha.

Marxist view wa siteji ya Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe

Mitundu ya makampani zakhala zikuchitika, mwinanso kwambiri ndi kwathunthu ankafufuza ndi German wasayansi Karlom Marksom. Kenako kwambiri otsatira ake. Kwenikweni, ndi mwa njira imeneyi kwa nthawi yoyamba ndipo anafunsidwa kuyang'ana pa anthu chifukwa cha pa asapita kupanga. Ndipo njira imeneyi panopa ndi zapamwamba kwambiri ndi otchuka (osati chikominisi kapena mfundo zokomera). Siteji ya chitukuko cha anthu Marx ndi unagawidwa formations zazikulu zisanu.

• Wosazindikira m'madera. Pa nthawi imeneyi kampani sizikupanga china chilichonse owonjezera. Onse unawononga yomweyo popanda zotsalira. Kotero, izo sizikanakhoza kukhala chuma stratification.
• Slaveholding. Umoyo wa anthu thunthu anapuma pa anakakamizika ntchito yaukapolo.
• Ang'onoang'ono, kumene kunali ufumu kwenikweni aang'ono ndi mabwana. Yobwerera Kapangidwe ka chikhalidwe chimenechi ndi maziko a moyo wake. Yofunika khalidwe ang'onoang'ono mapangidwe mwachibadwa kuwanda, bestovarnogo kasamalidwe. N'zochititsa chidwi siteji ya chitukuko chikhalidwe tinawandandalika mu ntchito Marx ndi pamaziko a zinachitikira European. Theorists kuti zimenezi ndi chitukuko mbiri wa chilengedwe. Komabe, monga kunapezeka, si. Mu East, panali chosiyana, politarny akafuna kupanga. Pali silinkachitidwa mgwirizano m'manja-suzerain kapena chuma payekha (chofunika kwambiri). Choncho, feudalism anatsimikizira chodabwitsa mosamalitsa European.
• Bizinesi. Malinga Marx, bizinesi anali kuchotsa feudalism, pamene njira zachiwawa kukakamiza m'malo mwa chuma, pali mfundo malonda, makalasi atsopano, etc.
• mapangidwe Communist. Komabe, bizinesi amamuchititsa kuchuluka masuku pamutu wa antchito ndi kuwonongeka zonse mkhalidwe wawo. Malinga Marxists zimenezi anali kutha posachedwa kapena mtsogolo mwa ulimi komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu mosaponderezana. malingaliro awa akhala akuthandiza yaikulu pa mbiriyakale ya dziko XX wathu. Komabe, zochitika, monga nthawi yonse, anapanga kusintha kwambiri adziwe za viability wa chikominisi ndi chitukuko cha limati capitalist.