Kalembera anthu a Russian Ufumu 1897. Woyamba ambiri kalembera

Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) anali munthu woyamba wa mtundu umenewu ku Russia. Amadziwika kuti kalembera munthu anapanga nthawi pa dera la maukulu Russian, khans, Kaganates, kuti kudziwa kuchuluka ndalama akhoza kuwapeza anthu a m'gawo anapatsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, olemba mbiri anakhazikitsa kuti kalembera nthawi ya Peter Woyamba kudziwa chonse cha anthu a Russian Ufumu (nthawi) pa mlingo wa anthu miliyoni khumi. Pakati pa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom ndi 1917 mu Russia izo zinapangidwa za mazana awiri nkhani za zochitika m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Livonia, Courland ndi Estland zigawo timva capitation anthu okhala kumeneko chaonekera.

Zotsatira za kalembera watenga pafupifupi 90 mabuku

Chiwerengero kalembera wa Russian Ufumu 1897 linakonzedwa mu 1874. Makamaka mu zaka ziwiri isanafike nkhani ya zochitika ntchito Russian zowerengera inaletsedwa, kugwirizana ndi kupeza deta ku anthu. Popeza June 1895 ndi tsar Nicholas II zinasaina lamulo umene anatsimikiza kuti kalembera ayenera kudziwa zikuchokera, kukula ndi kameredwe anthu, kuphatikizapo Russia ndi alendo. Kuchita ngati zimenezi zikuluzikulu akhala allocated rubles 7 miliyoni. Ndipo zotsatira asonkhanitsa ndi lofalitsidwa definitively yekha mu 1905, pafupifupi nainte mabuku.

Mu Russian Ufumu ankalankhula zinenero zana

Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) anapeza kuti anthu dziko lonse la anthu 125 640 000, amene chinenero chawo ndi Russian 55,6 miliyoni, Little Russian - 22 miliyoni, Belarus - miliyoni 5,8 Monga mbali ya ufumuwo. pamene m'gulu mayiko Polish, ndiye chinenero anthu mamiliyoni 7.9, ndi Moldova ndi Romania - anthu miliyoni 1,21. Chiheberi pa nthawi ntchito za miliyoni 5,06 nzika. Kwambiri numerically yaing'ono zinenero, wofala pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia m'gulu: Spanish ndi Chipwitikizi - 138, Dutch - okamba 335, komanso Hindu, Kisti, Lezgin, Chuvan, Afghanistan.

Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) zasonyeza kuti mu Russia moyo onyamula ngati zilankhulo monga Chinese - anthu 57 sauzande, Japanese - anthu 2.6 okha zikwi, Korea - pa 26 zikwi anthu ...... zinali zambiri kulankhula German - za 1.7 miliyoni Chiameniya - anthu miliyoni 1,17. Kulemera kwa gulu zinali onyamula m'chilankhulo cha Chitata - miliyoni 3,73, Bashkir - anthu miliyoni 1,31, ndi Chikigizi -. About 4 miliyoni anthu.

mbiri yakale kuwuluridwa kwaife udindo wa asayansi kuti chiyambi cha chinenero makamaka pa nthawi imene deta ndi amakono zina sizolondola. Mwachitsanzo, chilankhulo Yakut likugwirizana Turkey-Chitata chilankhulo. Onse mu Ufumu Russian pa nthawiyo, panali kuposa zinenero zana mwalamulo anaika ndi zinenero zina zambiri zimene zinali mbadwa kwa anthu m'dera anapatsidwa. chilankhulo System, ndipo m'masiku amenewo, ndi lero ndi Chirasha, amene amalola anthu kuti pomvetsetsana, pokhalabe umunthu wawo yekha.

Kulemba anali iliyonse chachisanu okha

Woyamba ambiri kalembera wa Russian Ufumu (1897) ikuchitika ndi alembi ophunzitsidwa mwapadera, amene analandira Mendulo chifukwa chakubwera mu chochitika chotero. Iwo achita ntchito yopambana, mutayankha okwana pafupifupi mamiliyoni makumi atatu mafunso, monga wamba ambiri anali osaphunzira kapena osaphunzira akumidzi. Ndipo chithunzi ichi umaonekera zochitika za pa - pa nthawi imeneyo ku Russia anali yekhayo kulemba imodzi anthu asanu, pamene pakati pa amuna ndi kuchuluka "wophunzira" chinali 30%, pamene pakati pa akazi - peresenti yokha 13 chaka. Choona chidwi ndi funso lokhudza dzina la mkazi wake mwa wamba, ambiri anayankha kuti mkazi wake zayekha ndi "wachikazi."

Malonda anali zosakwana ansembe

Malinga ndi kalembera wa Russian Ufumu (1897), anthu ambiri amene ankakhala m'madera a kumidzi (za 87 peresenti) ndipo munamutcha gulu la anthu wamba (77 peresenti ya nzika zonse). Kenako waukulu anali anthu wamba - 11 peresenti, "alendo" - za 6.5 peresenti, Cossack - peresenti 2.3. Anthu a Russian Ufumu pa nthawi imene anali pachibwenzi makamaka kuti dziko adayilimira, kugulisa. Malonda anayesedwa 0.2 peresenti, amene anali poyerekeza a atsogoleri (theka peresenti) ndi olemekezeka (theka peresenti). Komanso mu mndandanda m'gulu anthu ena - 0.4 peresenti.

Pofuna kulimbikitsa chilolezo chofunikira

Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) anapeza kuti pamene Russia anali wamba-pakati kalasi, kumene burgers anali magulu amalonda yaing'ono, osema, okhala m'mizinda, amene anali kwambiri pa chuma m'mizinda anali amakhoma misonkho chachikulu. Ndi nthawi ya kalembera wa kalasi iyi si nkhani kwa chilango logwirika, amene anali ntchito mpaka m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Afilisti malo awo mmadera anali poyerekeza amalonda, ananena kuti mzinda yeniyeni (mumzinda moperewera buku). Kusiya malo ake okhala zidebe akhoza kukhala nthawi zosakhalitsa pasipoti ndi kudera lina - okha ndi chilolezo cha apolisi. Mwina, mu masiku amenewo, pamene kuyenda mu Russia zinali zotheka chifukwa cha mwambo malamulo, anamwazika sayenda a anthu amakono.

Pakati pa amalonda ndi olemekezeka

mfundo zimene chidwi nachobe nkhani kwa ife? Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) analemba kuti anthu Russian akhala otchedwa "wolemekezeka nzika" imene nkhani 0,3% ya chonse cha anthu. Zinali kalasi wapakatikati pakati pa anthu olemekezeka wolemekezeka ndi amalonda, omwe analola kuti adziteteze ku malowedwe a loyamba "magazi achifumu" ndipo kukakomana ndi kutchuka ya masika. Aulemu nzika, komanso anthu otchuka, akhoza kukhala munthu, ndi cholowa. Personal wolemekezeka nzika anawonjezera okha chotengera cha udindo, ndi mkazi wake, pamene cholowa, motero, wa ana a wogwira mutu.

Masiku amenewo, panali okhulupirira ambiri ndi mipingo kuposa panopa

Russian Ufumu kalembera (1897) anasonyeza kuti chipembedzo chachikulu chinali Orthodoxy amene ankachita pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu. Chachiwiri okha Akhristu ndiye anali Muslims - za 11,1 peresenti, otsatira a Roma Katolika linaposa - pafupifupi zisanu peresenti, ndi 4.2 peresenti ya anthu amenewa anali Ayuda. anthu Russian ndiye anali opembedza kwambiri, mogwirizana ndi imene inamangidwa ambiri mabungwe achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Russia pa nthawi ya Great October Socialist utasintha panali 65,000 Orthodox ndipo mipingo, pamene masiku Russian Orthodox ali 29-30 zikwi mipingo, kuphatikizapo amene ali Belarus, ndi Baltic States, Ukraine ndi ena.

Megacities

ndi mfundo chowululidwa kalembera wina (1897) chiyani? Zotsatira za kafukufuku umenewu umatithandiza kuti tipeze chimene mu Russia ndiye kunali midzi yaikulu. Likulu la boma pa nthawi (Moscow, St. Petersburg) anali megacities. Panali anthu oposa 1.2 miliyoni. Achiwiri kukula "mzinda" anali Moscow - anthu miliyoni 1,038. Anthu oposa theka la miliyoni anthu ankakhala Warsaw (683 zikwi.), Amene anali mbali ya Russian Ufumu (Dera la Ufumu wa Poland). Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, mu mapu a dziko pa nthawi imeneyo zinali za 40 Mizinda ya anthu anthu oposa 50 000.

Zopindulitsa olemba mbiri amasiku okha mafunso, kumene mfundo yaikulu zimaonekera. Awa, wina akhoza kuphunzira zambiri. Komabe, ambiri a mapepala anali ataphedwa, ndipo tikusangalala ndi deta kukonzedwa.