Chiwerengero cha Beijing (China) ndi zikuchokera national

Beijing ndi chimodzi mwa kukula mizinda yachangu mu dziko. zachuma, chitukuko mafakitale ndi kupanga kupanga China mmodzi wa atsogoleri m'bwalo lonse ndale. Cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko wakhala cholowa dziko: wakale Chinese chitukuko anasiya zinthu wapadera, zachifumu, kuphunzitsa. Ndende ndi chizindikiro cha chitukuko ndi modernity China lero wakhala Beijing. anthu a mumzindawo ikukula mayendedwe yaikulu, apa pakubwera mamiliyoni alendo padziko lonse.

zikamera

Midzi loyamba ndi gawo la mzinda anaonekera pamaso pa isanayambike AD. M'nyengo kuti, umatchedwanso chikumenyana States nyengo, mayiko amenewa ndi ufumu choyambirira cha Yan. Kuyambira pamenepo, achepetse osiyana ntchito mzinda kupasula mdani, koma malo Beijing ndi pafupifupi sichinasinthe. Mu X atumwi mzinda chinaperekedwa kwa Mafumu Liao, amene anapanga likulu chachiwiri, kum'patsa dzina la Nanjing (mu Chinese "Kumwera Capital"). M'zaka za m'ma XI, mafumu wina Jin, kulanda mphamvu yekha, tinakhazikika mu mzinda, ndipo anawatcha Zhongdu.

Beijing mu adani a ku Mongolia

M'zaka za m'ma XIII asilikali Mongolian litalanda China, kutsogozedwa ndi anzake Genghis Khan a. Iwo anawotcha ndi kuthetsa, ndipo pambuyo zaka pafupifupi 40, anamanga mzinda watsopano - likulu zake, wotchedwa Dadu. The mafumu lotsatira, analamulira mu mzinda, anali lodziwika bwino Ming mafumu. Dzina chakale "Beijing" uli wolamulira wachitatu wa Yongle, mzinda anadziwika monga Jingsheng - likulu. Kuti ndi Ming Mafumu anaika mbali wamakono wa Pamudzi, ndi kumanga mpanda wa mzindawo amene atumikira monga malo otetezedwa bwino. Mu ulamuliro wake, pamene anthu anafalikira, Beijing (likulu) ndi mzinda waukulu mu dziko, woletsedwa City, Kachisi wa Kumwamba anamangidwira m'Baibulo. Izi zipilala wapadera chikhalidwe Chinese ndi zizindikiro za dziko pafupifupi zaka 600.

Beijing anakhalabe likulu la China mpaka 1928. Pa nthawi imeneyo dziko anali kudutsa nthawi yovuta, ndi zoona unagawika zigawo zosiyana, kumvera mkulu. Pambuyo chigonjetso cha chipani ndiwofatsa Kuomintang likulu anali kupita ku mzinda wa Nanjing ndi Beijing, likulu la boma usilikali, anadzatchedwa Beiping. Iye anabwerera udindo zakale pa ntchito Japanese mu 1937.

Mayina ena Beijing

M'mayiko Asian amakhala kuti mupereke udindo wake mu dzina la mzinda. Common lonse katchulidwe "Beijing" Kodi si zizigwirizana chikhalidwe Chinese. M'dera iwo amatchedwa mosiyana. tingachipeze powerenga A pakati Chinese Beijing ndi katchulidwe ka mawu monga "Peiching". N'chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri tikhoza kupeza kalembedwe ka lonse la dzina mzinda - Beijing. Ambiri m'mayiko a Azungu kutsatira kulemba chakale, pamene mu Russia, ndi Netherlands ndi maiko ena kusunga dzina lakale - mzinda wa Beijing.

Komanso, pamene likulu unasamutsidwira Chinese Nanjing, mzinda anadzatchedwa Beiping. Beijing ndi dzina lina mbiri mizu mu chiyambi chake zili zogwirizana ndi ufumu wakale wa Yan - Yanjing.

Malo Hrs wa Beijing

mzinda Beijing ili makilomita 150 kuchokera Nyanja Yellow. Kuchokera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri, amene asiyane chigwa ndi Gobi chipululu. Mu miyezi ya chilimwe mu mzindawu zonse anawona chifunga ndi chifunga, amene chifukwa malo Hrs - ofunda mvula nyanja salola mpweya zakhudzana kuwutsa kwambiri moti kuthetsa phiri achoke mu mzindawo.

Chilimwe kuno osati otentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi dera otentha, mpweya lili ndi mkulu wa ndende chinyezi. zinthu zimenezi zikhoza kukhala zovuta kuti ndi wosaphunzitsidwa chamoyo. Nyengo mu Beijing zambiri chitani popanda chisanu kuyambira kwambiri mpweya zimagwera apa mu chilimwe. Beijing amayang'anira pa madigiri decimal ali motere: ufuluwo 39,9075, longitude 116,39723.

Chiwerengero cha Beijing ndi malo ake

Malinga deta ambiri zapitazi, chiwerengero cha anthu Beijing ndi oposa 20 miliyoni anthu. Awa, pang'ono chabe oposa theka mumzindawo ndi kulembetsa okhazikika mu mzinda. Ena alionse - anthu amene abwera ku likulu kuchokera m'zigawo kufufuza ntchito. Mwa mzinda weniweniwo pafupifupi 7 miliyoni.

China ali kunachokera ndi backlog yolimba kwambiri ya chitukuko chuma m'chigawo cha m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Anthu ambiri a m'madera kuchita zinthu ulimi, mizinda ndi mu Mphukira. Izi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa iwo ndi midzi wolemera - Beijing, Shanghai ndi zina - zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwambiri overpopulated mumzinda kuchokera m'zigawo. Beijing amadziwika chakuti anthu ambiri amakhala kumeneko mozemba, okhutira ndi kukhalapo kwa ntchito otsika-analipira mu nyumba zauve ndi.

The zikuchokera dziko la mzindawo

China - ndithu dziko chatsekedwa, koma chifukwa anthu ambiri nzika zake ndi mitundu Chinese, amatchedwanso Han. The mapulogalamu chomwecho Beijing: Likulu la ethnically wapangidwa ndi 95% wa Han Chinese. Komabe, mzinda akhoza kukumana oimira mitundu ina, koma koposa zonse, Asia mpikisano. Mwa iwo, Manchus, heytsy, Mongolia - mbiri Chinese ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi maiko awa. ana Chitibeta ku Beijing bungwe sukulu yapadera.

Pali wodziwanso kuposa mbali chikhalidwe ndi zimene m'kagulu anthu. Beijing wokongola kwambiri alendo, chifukwa chitukuko zosaneneka za chuma pano amasonkhana kuchuluka yaikulu alendo. Ophunzira, amalonda, nthumwi malonda - atakhala pakati Chinese wamba m'madera a zamalonda, kutengera miyambo yawo ndi kulankhula Chinese.

gulu lina - nzika za Korea South. Ngakhale lero, ndi diasporas yaikulu kwambiri ku China lonse.

zinenero mzinda

Pa gawo la masiku ano China mayina zinenero amoyo 292 ndipo lina limene palibe wina akulankhula. Akatswiri ali 9 mabanja chinenero, imene mungapeze Altay, Austroasiatic, Tai kadayskie ndi ena.

Ngakhale, mu Chinese chikhalidwe chonenedwa ndi anthu. Beijing, ngati mizinda ina yonse, amakonda chinenero - Putonghua. Iye ali pafupi ndi mokondera anthu. Loloseredwa Beijing, amene chinenero zachokera Chimandarini chilankhulo, anatinso mu zinenero Mongolian, Chitibeta, Zhuang.

ambiri mizinda ina ku China

Beijing yekha wachitatu mu mndandanda wa mizinda China ndi chiwerengero cha anthu. Kwambiri ambiri mumzinda Chinese wa Chongqing ndi - mmenemo ndi madera ozungulira ndi kunyumba kwa anthu 29 miliyoni, ndi anthu onse amene ali kunja kwa malo okhala m'mizinda, kuti, ndi anthu akumidzi.

Tauni lotsatira chiwerengero cha anthu, akuchita pofuna kuwathetsa Beijing - Shanghai. Mu waukulu pakati chuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 23. Onse mizindayi, monga Beijing, anali anayambitsa BC, kunachitika adzaukira ndi chiwonongeko akonzenso ndi yomweyo kuthi tione ano. Lero, mu mzinda waukulu kwambiri China ayi otsika mu kukongola ndi kuya mitu yaikulu padziko lonse. Mkulu nyumba zosanja zitalizitali abut ndi mlengalenga, m'sitolo dziko ndi zigawo zantchito za miniti lekani ntchito. Ngakhale lero, chuma China ndi mmodzi wa patsogolo kwambiri mu dziko.