Jaropolk Svyatoslavich - Grand Prince wa Kiev (945-980)

Mmodzi wa kanjedza kwambiri maganizo ndi maganizo pakati pa akuru a Russia wakale anali Kalonga wa Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich. yonena lake lili ndi zosiyanasiyana masamu ndi mafunso, ngakhale analamulira dziko yochepa nthawi. ndindani - wolamulira wankhanza ndi fratricide kapena miseche wosalakwa wa zokhota wa mng'ono wake?

zaka zoyambirira

Translation m'malo Jaropolk ndi Chisilavo Chakale akatswiri a zinenero kutanthauziridwa monga "wowala pakati pa anthu." Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa ndi Mayi ake dzina sakudziwika kwa mbiri. Asayansi ena amakhulupirira Jaropolk tsiku lobadwa zaka 945. Koma adani awo kuti Baibulo ili ndi untenable kwathunthu, kuyambira pa nthawi ya ambiri amaivomereza wa bambo wake anali wa zaka zitatu zokha. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti iye anali mwana wa Mfumukazi Ugric Predslava, ngati m'bale wake Oleg.

Jaropolk bambo anali Grand Prince wa Kievskiy Svyatoslav Igorevich, wotchuka kunkhondo zambiri pa adani ao. Makamaka, mtsogoleri wamkulu anagonjetsa mphamvu Khazar Khanate ndi Chibugariya ufumu pa Danube.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya Jaropolk dzina lake limapezeka 968. Ndi pakalibe Prince Svyatoslav anabwera anaukira Pechenegs kuti Kiev, imene kalonga linatsekeredwa mu nyumba yachifumu ndi agogo ake Olga ndi abale.

Mu 970, atate wake anamusiya monga mwana wamkulu, kusamalira Kiev, n'kupita kampeni lotsatira kupitirira Danube. nthawiyi analibe mwayi kumvetsa yekha romeyskoy Mfumu John Tzimiskes. Grand Prince Kievskiy Svyatoslav anakakamizika abwerere. Koma panjira kunyumba anaphedwa ndi Byzantines ziphuphu Pecheneg Khan Qurei. nthaka Russian anayamba kulamulira ana ake atatu, Vladimir, Oleg, Jaropolk, yotsirizira amene anakhala Grand Duke.

ulamuliro Jaropolk

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich anakhala Grand Prince wa Kiev ku 972, atamwalira atate wake. Abale Ake - Oleg ndi Vladimir anayamba kulamulira, motero, mu Drevlyane ndi minda Novgorod. Koma akulu iwo poyamba anazindikira Jaropolk.

M'nthawi anakhulupirira Jaropolk m'malo wolimba wankhondo kuposa wolamulira wanzeru. Komabe, ngakhale, iye anayesa titsatire ndondomeko yogwira onse mkati ndi kunja.

Directions mfundo yachilendo

Jaropolk mfundo yachilendo akhala wakhala lolunjika pa mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Umboni wa zimenezi ndi akazembe anatumiza 973 kuti Germany, ku bwalo la Woyera Mfumu ya Roma Otto II Rufu. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, Jaropolk anali pachibwenzi ndi msuweni wake Cunegonde. Ndi digiri chokwanira Mwina akhoza amanena kuti rapprochement ndi Germany anali umalimbana kulenga mgwirizano ndi Czech Republic ndi Poland.

Koma Byzantium wamng'ono Prince zinthu zambiri mosamala kukumbukira chinyengo wa Aroma kwa atate wake.

Jaropolk ndi Chikhristu

Amachititsa kwambiri kukambirana ndi funso za udindo wa Chikhristu mu moyo wa mkulu Jaropolk. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti iye anabatizidwa mwachinsinsi kapena mosabisa ankati wachikhristu. Koma chinthu chimodzi momveka bwino: Jaropolk Svyatoslavich ndithu okhulupirika kwa Akhristu sanali awatsatire iwo, mosiyana ndi ena olamulira achikunja a maiko analola kukondwerera mwambo kuti anthu zogwira mtima akuvomereza chikhulupiriro cha makolo awo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti akazembe kwa Mfumu Otto II zolinga zake amaponya tsogolo la ubatizo wa Lazaro.

Kumene, mbali yofunika kwambiri poyerekezera Chikhristu ankaimba Jaropolk kulera agogo ake Olga, amene anatenga chikhulupiriro romeyskoy ku Constantinople.

Komabe, pa reburial Jaropolk ndi m'bale wake Oleg, Prince Yaroslav Mudry analamula ubatizo mitembo yawo. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kapena kukhala mu chikunja Jaropolk mpaka imfa, kapena kuti Yaroslav ankadziwa kanthu za ubatizo wa amalume ake.

atakhala Jaropolk

Kwambiri wotchuka mu chilengedwe Jaropolk ndithudi kazembe Sveneld. mbiri yakale ambiri amavomereza anachokera ku Scandinavia. Wotchuka ntchito, iye anayamba kusewera kwambiri pa Jaropolk agogo - Prince Igor Rurik. Pamene Svyatoslav Sveneld anakhala mmodzi wa amuna amphamvu kwambiri Russia, iye anali kumuwombera wake, kusonkhanitsa msonkho, anapita pamodzi ndi kalonga mu kuyenda kudutsa Danube. Akukhulupirira kuti pamene Yaropolk anali iye anathamanga nkhani za boma. Sveneld anali ndi ana awiri - Lute ndi kubwezera.

Dama - mmodzi wa kazembe zofunika kwambiri pansi Prince Yaropolk. Mwina anasonyeza udindo pambuyo Sveneld imfa. Kenako munthu uyu adampereka Jaropolk.

Varyazhko - VFB Jaropolk chimene tinganene kuti manowa ubale. Iye anali wokhulupirika kwambiri kalonga.

banja

Monga tanena, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, akukhulupirira kuti Jaropolk Svyatoslavich anali pachibwenzi ndi mwana wamkazi wa Chiwerengero Kuno Von Enengena Cunegonde, koma pazifukwa zina ukwati sizinachitike. Iye courted mwana wake Polotsk kalonga Rogvolod - Rogneda, koma pambuyo adani a Polotsk ndi kuphedwa kwa bambo ake, Vladimir kuti mokakamiza anatenga kalonga kwa mkazi.

Koma kalonga Jaropolk Svyatoslavich komabe anali wokwatira kwa mkazi Greek, dzina mbiri chete. Ambiri mwina, iye analandidwa mpikisano wa bambo ake pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya Transdanubian. Annals limanena kuti pa nthawi ya imfa ya mwamuna wake, iye anali akuyembekezera mwana ndipo analandidwa ndi mdzakazi wa m'bale wake Vladimir. Pankhaniyi, likukhalira kuti mwana wake, tsogolo Duke wa Kiev Svyatopolk ndi wotembereredwa, ndi mwana Jaropolk. Ngakhale, iye Analeredwa ndi Vladimir. Komabe, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, iye ankaona wake Scion banja.

Oleg Kupha

Nthawiyi anathyola wosamwerana madzi pakati Yaropolk ndi m'bale wake Oleg, amene analamulira mu Ovruch. Chiyambi cha nkhondo kupha mwana wake Prince Drevlyansky akuluakulu Sveneld - Lute. chifukwa izo ankakhulupirira kuti ndinali kusaka popanda chilolezo mokomera Oleg, kuti mogwirizana ndi mfundo akale ankaona ndithu mlandu woopsa.

Sveneld mwachibadwa unachitikira mkwiyo wake ndi zonse anafuna Jaropolk kupita ku nkhondo ndi m'bale wake, kuti adzaimba mlandu. Pomaliza, Kalonga wa Kiev, anagwetsa. Mu 977, msonkhano unapangidwa bungwe, imene kumuwombera Oleg anagonjetsedwa, ndipo iye anaphedwa chisokonezo pa nkhondo.

Jaropolk Svyatoslavich za izo chomva chisoni. Koma izi akafunsa kuti, udindo wake mu chochitika ichi. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, iye anali chabe chidole m'manja mwa akuluakulu wake wamphamvuzonse, ndi pa zina - iye zimakonzedwa kuti analanda Drevlyansky dziko. Pa zotuluka pa Baibulo chachiwiri limasonyeza maumboni okha Yaropolk pa maliro a Oleg, adatuma m'bale wake kusaka mu Ljuta dziko. Cholinga cha kuchita zimenezi kuti akhale amodzi - kuutsa nkhondo fratricidal. Komabe, Uwerenge umboni zonse zikusonyeza kuti nthawi zambiri Jaropolk anali plaything wa anamuperekeza wake.

Kulankhula ndi Vladimir ndi Jaropolk

Atadziwa za imfa ya Oleg mu nkhondo pa Yaropolk, Kalonga wa Novgorod, Vladimir anaganiza kuti nkhonya lotsatira adzachititsa mkulu wa chuma chake. Choncho anaganiza kuti athawire ku Scandinavia. Kumeneko, Vladimir Wamkulu unayamba amphamvu Varangian alonda, ndipo anasamukira ku m'bale wake.

Nthawiyi Jaropolk anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wake pa Novgorod. Koma Vladimir mosavuta anapezanso mumzindawo. Pa njira Kiev, monga tanenera kale, atamanga angakuthandizeni Jaropolk - Polotsk kalonga Rogvolod, kutenthedwa likulu lake, ndi mwana wamkazi Rogneda kale wopalidwa ubwenzi ndi m'bale wake wamkulu, okwatira. Ku ukwati iye anabadwa patapita tsogolo Grand Duke wa Kiev Yaroslav Mudry.

Kenako Vladimir ndi ankhondo ake anabwera kwa Kiev. Voivod Dama, umene unachitika zambiri akufa ndi nthawi Sveneld, zachinyengo anapitiriza chiwembu ndi Prince a Novgorod ndipo anakopa Jaropolk kusiya likulu. Iye anabisala mu otetezedwa bwino mbadwa yaing'ono mzinda, pa mtsinje ros.

imfa Jaropolk

Vladimir anazinga Jaropolk. mzinda anayamba chilala choopsa. Kudzera kuyimira wa Dama Novgorod kalonga anakopa m'bale wake kulowa zokambirana naye. Ngakhale druzhinnik Varyazhko zikuchepa otsutsana ndi izi, osadziŵa kuti china chake chinalakwika. Pamene Jaropolk anafika kumalo a zokambirana, iye zachinyengo anapha Scandinavians awiri a asilikali Novgorod. Izo zinachitika mu chaka 978.

Amapitabe kutsutsana za ntchito ya Vladimir mu kupha m'bale wake. Akatswiri ambiri akuyesetsa idealize chifaniziro cha Baptist tsogolo la Russia ndi kuika chala pa mwankhanza wa Scandinavia. Koma, ayenera kuphedwa kwa lamulo wapatsidwa dzina la Vladimir. Mulimonsemo, yonena lake lili ndi zosiyanasiyana mfundo zina kunena kuti Baptist Russia mosavuta kuchita izo.

Jaropolk zochita

Pakati pa olemba mbiri akadali usavutike kutsutsana za amene anali Jaropolk: anayambitsa koyamba nkhondo internecine, kapena kapolo wa lamulo la abale zolusa ndi akuluakulu opondereza? Akulamulira ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa akalonga ena Kievan. Table dongosolo la Board amaganiziranso ulamuliro wake, zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi chokha. Ngakhale Oleg anathamanga chuma chawo zaka 30, Igor - 33, Sviatoslav - zaka 27, ndipo Vladimir - ochuluka monga zaka 37.

Komanso amakhalabe bwinobwino zimene zidzachitike kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu Russia, atanganidwa ndi Prince Jaropolk Svyatoslavovych kugonjetsa m'bale wake? Ndipo onse amene apanga tsoka la boma Russian mu nkhani iyi? Koma mbiri sadziwa maganizo subjunctive. chinthu chimodzi momveka bwino: chizindikiro ndi udindo wa Grand Duke wa Kiev Jaropolk Svyatoslavich akuyembekezerabe kuwunika yake m'tsogolo.