Makampani a Kazakhstan: mafuta, mankhwala, malasha, mafuta

Kazakhstan ndi mmodzi mwa anthu omwe akutsogolera zachuma ku Russia. Mayiko awiriwa ali ndi mgwirizanowu wadziko, umene ungalimbikitsidwe ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mayiko m'madera a EAEC. Kazakhstan ndi mzake wofunika kwambiri ku Russia pakupanga malonda. Kodi ndizitani zomwe nthambi zapamwamba za dziko la Kazakhstan zimapanga?

Makampani oyendetsa dziko la Republic of Kazakhstan

Makampani a Kazakhstan amaimiridwa ndi zigawo zingapo zikutsogolera:

- Malonda a malasha;

- malingaliro;

- mafakitale a mafuta ndi petrochemical;

- mankhwala osokoneza bongo;

- malonda;

- makampani owala;

- kupanga zipangizo zomangira.

Tiyeni tione zomwe iwo akufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane.

Makampani a malasha

Chitsamba cha malasha cha Kazakhstan ndi chimodzi mwa mafakitale aakulu kwambiri osati mu RK, koma komanso muchuma chonse cha EAEC. Dzikoli ndilo limodzi mwa atsogoleri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina a malasha pamtunda, komanso m'maboma. Malo osungirako ake aakulu amapezeka ku Central Kazakhstan, komanso kumpoto kwa East. Ambiri a malasha amatumizidwa kunja.

Malingaliro a akatswiri, RK imakhala ndi kusowa kwa makala omwe ali m'gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera a communal, komanso m'mabizinesi kumene nyumba zowonongeka zimagwira ntchito. Pofuna kuthandizira zofunikira za chuma cha dzikoli mu malasha amtundu uwu, kufalikira kwa zopangidwe zopanga zofunikira mu gawo lofanana ndi kotheka. Makamaka, izi zikhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa zokolola m'dera la Pavlodar. Malahle akugona pano amadziwika ndi masukulu apamwamba, ndi osavuta kuti apindule, ndizofunika kuti mupeze matumbowo.

Zamalonda

Zina mwa mafakitale otsogolera a Republic of Kazakhstan - malingaliro osalimba. Kazakhstan imapanga ubwino wamkuwa, zinc, titaniyamu, zosiyanasiyana zosawerengeka padziko lapansi zitsulo. Kupanga kungapangidwe mwa mawonekedwe a ngongole. RK ndi imodzi mwa atsogoleri padziko lonse omwe amapanga mkuwa, ambiri amatumizidwa ku Western Europe. Kazakhstan ndiwotchuka kwambiri msika wa golide padziko lapansi . Pali maola oposa 170 omwe akulowa m'dzikoli.

Makampani opangidwa ndi metallurgical ku Kazakhstan amakhalanso ndi gawo lochokera ku chitsulo chachitsulo. RK ndi mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a dziko lapansi m'mabungwe a mitundu yofanana. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mbali yaikulu ya nkhokweyi imasankhidwa mosavuta. Mitengo yambiri yachitsulo ku Kazakhstan imatumizidwa kunja.

Mafakitale ndi amodzi mwa mafakitale a Republic of Kazakhstan, omwe amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mabungwe a Russia. Muzinthu zambiri izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti gawo lalikulu la mauthenga ovomerezeka linakhazikitsidwa ngakhale pansi pa USSR. Pakati pa mabungwe a Kazakh SSR ndi RSFSR, mwa njira iyi, kusinthana kwa mafakitale, zitsulo, ndi ma billets zinachitidwa. Mu njira zambiri, zogwirizanitsa zokhudzanazi zikugwirabe ntchito. Pali chiyembekezo chonse cholimbikitsana, popeza kuti Russia ndi Kazakhstan tsopano zatha kuphatikizapo zachuma ngakhale mu EAGE.

Mafuta ndi mafakitale a petrochemical

Makampani opangira mafuta a Kazakhstan ndi nthambi ina yofunika kwambiri ya chuma cha boma. RK imapanga mitundu yochulukirapo ya mankhwala a mtundu woyenera - petroli, dizilo ndi mafuta otentha, mafuta a palasite ndi mitundu yambiri ya mafuta. Makampaniwa ali pafupi ndi gawo la petrochemical lomwe linapangidwa. Dzikoli limapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulasitiki, ma fiber, matayala.

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chitukuko cha mafakitale a mafuta ku Kazakhstan ndikuti ndi chitsanzo cha kugwirizanitsa bwino mabungwe a boma ndi apadera. Makampani opanga mafuta a Kazakhstan akuimira osati makampani akuluakulu okha, komanso ndi mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Amalonda ambiri akunja amathandizanso kuti pakhale kampani yopanga mafuta ku Kazakhstan. Makampani opangira mafuta a Kazakhstan amakhalabe okongola kwa malonda ochokera ku Russia, ena a EEA akuti, mayiko akumadzulo.

Zida zamakina

Kujambula zamakono ndi chitsanzo cha kampani ina yofunika kwambiri ya Kazakhstan. Boma limapanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, makina, mapampu. Makampani opanga makina a RK amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ochita malonda ochokera kunja - Russian, Western, oimira a EAPC - - kukopa malonda. Engineering engineering mu Republic of Kazakhstan inakula mofulumira pakati pa zaka za 2000, kuwonjezeka kwina kunali muvuto la 2008-2009. Koma mavutowa adagonjetsedwa, ndipo tsopano malonda omwe akugwirizana nawo ali pakati pa zigawo zolimba za chuma cha boma.

Zida zamakono mu RK ndi nthambi yomwe ili ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwakukulu kwambili - kuyambira nthawi za USSR, zomwe sizili bwino. Tsopano gawo la malonda oyenera mu chuma cha Kazakhstan ndi laling'onoting'ono, nthawi zambiri ndizochepa, makamaka, ku zizindikiro za Russian. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukopa kwachuma, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya zopangira makina ndi makampani a Kazakhstani n'zotheka.

Kupanga zipangizo zomangira

Kupanga zipangizo zomangamanga ndi chitsanzo china cha malonda opambana, omwe amaimira makampani a Kazakhstan. Boma limapanga simenti, mapaipi, slate, linoleum, mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zowonjezera ndi zina. Chichuluka cha zipangizo za zomangamanga za RK zimapangidwa ndi ndalama zokhazokha.

Kutulutsidwa kwa zipangizo zomangamanga mu RK - pakati pa mafakitale opambana kwambiri. Choncho, kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2013, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofanana ndizo ku Kazakhstan, malinga ndi deta ina, kawiri. Kudalira kwa makampani a RK pazinthu zochokera kunja, nawonso kunachepa. Boma ndi bizinesi zapeza zizindikiro zatsopano kuti chitukuko chiwonjezeke. Zikuwerengedwa kuti mkati mwa zochitika zatsopano zatsopano, chithandizo chidzaperekedwa kwa mabungwe akuluakulu a gawoli.

Makampani a mankhwala

Makampani opanga mankhwala a Kazakhstan ndi ofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha boma. Pakati pa zigawo zake zoyambirira ndikupanga phosphorous. Malingaliro ena, Kazakhstan ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri a msika wa CIS omwe amachokera. Komanso m'dzikolo muli makampani akuluakulu omwe amapanga makina a chrome, utoto ndi mankhwala a varnish.

Mapangidwe a malonda a makampani a ku Kazakhstan ndi omwe amachititsa kuti zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizanitsa zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zizindikiro zochepa za mphamvu zamakono. Komanso, ku Kazakhstan kudalirika kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumakhalabe. Amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala apamwamba - feteleza, zotsekemera, mapulasitiki. Choncho, mankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala ku Kazakhstan ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakono. Makamaka - pambali ya kulowetsa m'malo.

Makampani ogulitsa

Chitukuko cha zakudya ku Kazakhstan ndi chimodzi mwa magawo ambiri a chuma cha dzikoli. Ndalama zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'makampani ogwirira ntchitozi ndizokonzekera za tirigu, kupanga mkaka, mkate, kukonza nyama, kulima zipatso ndi masamba, ntchito za mafakitale ndi mafuta. Zofunika kwambiri za RK zogulitsa zakudya zimakhalabe. Izi zikhoza kukonzeratu ziyembekezo zowonjezera kukula kwa gawoli monga chida cholowera kunja.

Boma la dzikoli likuphatikizanso kwambiri pakukula malonda ku Kazakhstan. Choncho, akuluakulu a Kazakh amapanga mapulogalamu akuluakulu othandizira olemba dziko. Kwenikweni, izi zikuthandizira, kuchepetsa chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole zamagulu, ndikuthandizira kupeza chuma chokhazikika. Izi zikuyembekezeka kuti panthawi yomwe polojekitiyi idzayambe, mabungwe angapo mabiliyoni angapo adzayendetsedwa ndi mabungwe a boma kuti athandizire malonda. Zimakonzedweranso kusintha malamulo angapo a msonkho kuti athetse mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe ogulitsa chakudya ndi boma mogwirizana ndi ndalama zomwe zilipo.

Makampani owala

Makampani opanga kuwala a Kazakhstan amathandizanso. Zimayimilidwa ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito mu thonje. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zosowa za msika wa RK zimapambana kwambiri ndi zomwe zikuchitika pakampani zamalonda. Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana nazo ku Kazakhstan zimachokera kunja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pofuna kuthetsa ntchito zowonjezera malonda, nkofunikira, monga momwe akatswiri a zachuma amanenera, kuti athetse mpikisano wokwanira wa makampani. Zida za izi, ndithudi, zilipo. Nkhaniyi ndi yakuti makampani opanga malonda a Republic of Kazakhstan amadziwika ndi zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makampani oyendetsa dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo muzinthu zina zambiri za malonda, kuchepa kwa ndalama zofanana ndizokulu.

Vuto lodziwika bwino lomwe likuwonetsera zigawo zina za chuma cha Republic of Kazakhstan, komabe sichisamala za boma ndi bizinesi, zikuthetsedwa - kuphatikizapo mavuto ena omwe amachititsa kampani ya Kazakhstan.

Tiyeni tione mbali iyi, komanso chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha mafakitale a ku Kazakhstan.

Mavuto ndi chiyembekezo cha mafakitale ku Kazakhstan

Pamwamba tawona kuti malonda a Kazakhstan m'magulu ambiri amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa ndalama. Vutoli likuzindikiridwa ndi gulu lazamalonda ndi boma, miyeso ikupangidwira kuti ikwaniritsidwe bwino. Chinanso chovuta chomwe chimapanga nthambi za ku Republic of Kazakhstan ndizochepa kwambiri. Izi zimakhudza makamaka kukolola kwa ntchito. Malingana ndi momwe makampani ogulitsa mafakitale a ku Republic of Kazakhstan amadziwira bwino, amadziwika kuti ndi otsika kwa mafakitale apamwamba m'mayiko a kumadzulo.

Matenda omwe akudziwikawo akukonzedwa kuti athetsedwe pamayendedwe angapo - monga, pulogalamu ya boma "Kukonzekera 2020". Ndi cholinga chothandizira malonda omwe alipo komanso kutsegula mafakitale atsopano. Pulogalamuyi, makampani omwe akuimira mafakitale osiyanasiyana ku Kazakhstan angapindule ndi thandizo la boma. Kuti achite izi, akuyenera kusonyeza kuti, poyamba, ali ndi njira yothandizira, ndipo kachiwiri - chilakolako ndi chuma chomwe chingathandize kutsimikizira ntchito ndi ntchito za boma zolimbitsa chuma.

Ntchito za chitukuko ku Kazakhstan

Boma la Republic of Kazakhstan likuyang'aniridwa ndi ntchito zofulumira, popanda njira yothetsera chitukuko cha makampani ku Kazakhstan. Tiyeni tiphunzire zofunikira zawo.

Choyamba, boma liyenera kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya nthawi yayitali pantchito, zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa osati pazochita za akuluakulu, komanso pa bizinesi ndi asayansi. Ntchitoyi iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi makampani ogulitsa mafakitale omwe akugwira ntchito ku Republic of Kazakhstan.

Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mafakitale ku Kazakhstan ndizochita zamakono zamakono. Zimaganiziridwa kuti zidzachitika nthawi imodzi pazinthu zamakampani akuluakulu. Zochitika zamakono zamakono, zomwe zingatheke kuti zithetsedwe muzitsatidwe zake zidzasanthuledwa, ndipo pulogalamuyi "Kukonzekera 2020" idzasinthidwa malinga ndi deta yolandira. Chofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo lino chidzawonetsedwa ndi masayansi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale a Kazakhstan kumafunikanso kuphunzitsanso antchito atsopano - makamaka pankhani ya kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. Kukwanilitsa kwa kasamalidwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zogonjetsa ntchito iliyonse. Zinthu zakuthupi zapamwamba - izi ndi chimodzi mwazimenezo. N'kofunikanso kuti pamutu pa olimba pali ofesi yodalirika komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Mofananamo, nkhani ya maphunziro a antchito oyenerera ikugwirizananso ndi malo opanga zochitika pamakampani. Akatswiri odziwa bwino omwe ali ndi luso lotha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zatsopano. Timafunikira akatswiri oyenerera kuti tichite ntchito zomwe timapanga.

Kuti polojekiti ya "Kukonzekera 2020" ipite patsogolo ku Republic of Kazakhstan, kugawidwa ndi kugawidwa bwino kwa ndalama ndikofunikira. Ndondomeko ya bajeti ya boma pambaliyi iyenera kukhala yololera, choncho, malonda apadera - kugwira ntchito ku RK, ku Russia ndi mayiko ena a EEMP, mayiko a Kumadzulo, ayenera kukondweretsedwa ngati azimayi.

Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ntchito zamakono za RK zidzakonzanso kusintha kwa malamulo ndi malamulo oyendetsera ntchito za mabungwe ogwirira ntchito. Ikhoza kuganizira mbali zosiyanasiyana za bizinesi - mapeto a mgwirizano wa malamulo, mgwirizano ndi anthu akunja, mabungwe ogulitsa ndalama, ufulu wochenjera, ndi zina zotero.

Akatswiri amayembekezera kuti akuluakulu a RK azionetsetsa kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale chidzapangidwe osati m'madera ochita malonda a dzikoli, komanso m'madera ena, komwe makampani opanga mafakitale ndi ochepa kwambiri mpaka pano, koma amatha kumanga nyumba zatsopano. Choncho, zikuyembekezeka kuti sizinthu zokhazokha za ku Central Kazakhstan zidzakhazikika, komanso mabungwe omwe ali m'maderawa, omwe adakalibe malingana ndi chiwerengero cha malo ogulitsa mafakitale ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zawo.