Kumanga kwa Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP, Amur Region

Zaka zaposachedwa ku Russia zinasankhidwa kuti zikhazikitse zigawo zaku Far East. Chinthu choyamba chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa mndandanda wa chithandizo cha moyo ndi chitukuko ndi chitukuko chonse komanso magetsi. Pachifukwa ichi, malo osungira magetsi omwe ali pa mtsinje wa Bureya, akumangidwa m'dera la Amur. Mu 2003, malo osungirako malo a Bureyskaya adatumidwa, mu 2016 akukonzekera kutumiza Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP.

Mbiri ya 30-ies

Mu 1932 m'zaka zapitazi, kufufuza kunayambika pamtunda wa Mtsinje wa Bureya m'dera la Amur. Kenaka kafukufukuyu anachitidwa ndi Institute "Hydroproject". Njira yofufuzira idatsegudwanso, itsegulidwanso pamene kumangidwe kwa gawo loyamba la kuphulika kwa ku Bureisk kunayambika. Kwa Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP, malo amadziwika mu Doldykansky range, kupasulidwa kuli mamita 950 pamwamba pa malo pamene Mtsinje wa Dydykan umayenda ku Bureya.

Ntchito yoyamba yamakono inalengedwa mu 1959, ndipo mu 1986 idavomerezedwa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yaikulu yomangamanga inali yozizira potsata nyengo ya kusintha kwa chuma, yomwe idayamba ndi kugwa kwa USSR. Pazokonzekera, anthu okhawo ochokera kumadera odzaza madzi adakonzanso.

Mbewu yamagetsi ya madzi inabadwa m'zaka za m'ma 2000

Ntchito yomanga nyumba ya Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP inayambiranso mu 2007, koma polojekitiyi inkafuna kusintha. Mu dongosolo lapachiyambi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa magetsi okwana 107 MW akukonzekera, koma kusintha kwa zofunikira zamakono zowonjezera chiwerengero chawo mpaka chinayi, koma osakwana 80 MW. Anasankhidwanso kuti atenge damu la dziko lapansi lomwe linayendetsedwa pa banki yoyenera ndi khoma la konkire. Zina za polojekiti yapachiyambi zimakonzedwanso. Kusintha ndi kuvomereza konse kunatsirizidwa mu 2011, ndipo ntchito yomanga inayamba nthawi yomweyo.

Zojambula Zapangidwe

Kutalika kwachitsulo cha kutsogolo kutsogolo kwa malo a Nizhne-Bureyskaya (Amurskaya oblast, district of Bureyskiy) ndi pafupifupi mamita 746, kutalika kwake pamtunda waukulu ndi mamita 42. Pansi pa dziwe ndi madzi ovomerezeka, izi zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zopangidwa ndi dothi-konkire komanso chophimba chophimba.

Chifukwa cha madzi, dera la konkireli limamangidwa ndi kutalika kwake mamita 123 ndi kutalika kwa mamita 47.75. Zomwe zinapangidwanso komanso zomangidwa ndi spillway (5 unit), zomwe zingagwirane ntchito pakhomo ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi. Pali zipata zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi gantry crane. Mphamvu ya madzi otsekedwa idzazimitsidwa m'madzi omwe amamangidwa ndi konkire, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 88.

Pa gombe lamanja la mtsinje wa Bureya mumangidwe kanyumba. Kutalika kwake kuli pafupifupi mamita 97, kutalika - pafupi mamita 58. Pofuna kulimbikitsa makoma, ntchito ikuyambanso kukonza khoma la konkire (kutalika mamita 100). Malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi odzaza magetsi adzakhala ndi magetsi anayi oyendetsa magetsi komanso hydro generator. Kuyika zipangizo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka. Mphamvu ya Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP ndi 1380 cubic mamita a madzi pamphindi. Magetsi adzaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi a 220 kW ndi zigawo ziwiri: Arkhara ndi Raichikhinsk. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito yomangamanga panthawi yopereka chithandizochi chikukonzekera anthu 2,300.

Nyanja

Gombe la Lower-Grisikiski limapangidwa ndi mapeto a zomangamanga. Mphamvu yothandiza idzakhala mamita 77 miliyoni, ndi mphamvu zonse - mamita 2034 miliyoni za cubic madzi. Kutalika kwa gombeli ndi makilomita 90, kutalika kwazitali ndi makilomita 5, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 13. Zimakonzedwa kuti kusinthana kwa madzi kudzachitika kamodzi pa mwezi wa kalendala. Zimakonzedweratu kuti kudzazidwa kwa gombe zitangoyamba kumayambiriro kwa magulu onse a mphamvu ya Bureya ikuchitika masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi.

Pansi pa kusefukira kwagwa mahekitala oposa 1,000 a nthaka yaulimi ndi pafupifupi mahekitala 9,000 a nkhalango. Kuopsa kwa kusefukira kwa madzi sikufalitsa kudera la anthu. Asanayambe kukhazikitsa malowa, akukonzekera kuyeretsa bwalo lamtsogolo.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa mapulani

Kuyambira mu 2011 mpaka 2015, ntchito yaikulu idapangidwa:

• Bungwe lalamulo la Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP linakhazikitsidwa.
• Kufukula kwa nyumba zazikulu za sitimayo kunakumba.
• Misewu ikuluikulu itatu yakhazikitsidwa, mizere yotumizira magetsi imagwirizanitsidwa.
• Chomera cha konkire chinamangidwa.
• Maziko aakulu a magetsi oyendetsa magetsi amamangidwa.
• Zolinga zogona za tawuni pafupi ndi sitima zinamangidwa.
• Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015, ntchito yaikulu yomanga idakonzedwa, kuphatikizapo hydro turbine ndi ma hydromechanical malo okhala ndi maziko a makina oyendera magetsi.
• Ntchito yomanga kanjira yamagetsi yayamba.

Maziko omanga

Pulojekiti ya Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP ndi 320 MW, yomwe imapezeka patsiku ndi 1.65 biliyoni kW / h, m'nyengo yozizira yomwe mphamvu yokonza ndi 147 MW. Ntchito yomanga magetsi ndi chifukwa chofunika kuyendetsa tsiku lililonse lomwe la Bureyskaya HPP lopambana lomwe likuyenda kutsogolo kwa mtsinje wa Amur. Izi zidzateteza kusinthasintha kwadzidzidzi m'madzi a m'madzi (tailfay).

Magetsi opangidwa ndi sitima ya Nizhny-Bureyskaya idzaperekedwa ku zosowa za Transneft, ndipo makamaka makamaka kumanga kwa East Siberia-mafuta a Pacific Pacific, munda wa malasha, Vostochny cosmodrome. Magetsi omwe amapangidwa ndi siteshoniyi adzapulumutsa matani 700 a mafuta omwe amapezeka pachaka.

Chigawo cha Amur, makamaka ku Districtysysky, makamaka chifukwa cha zomangamanga zazitukuko, zidzawonjezera mwayi wa chitukuko, kuchepetsa moyo wa anthu, kukopa ndalama zina ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yatsopano ikupita.

Zotsatira za chilengedwe

Malo omwe Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP ali pafupi amakhala osasinthika chikhalidwe. Pali zotsutsana zambiri zokhudzana ndi kusokonekera kwa chilengedwe, anthu amderalo amati nyengo isintha kale. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zotani mtsogolo muno.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zomera, mphamvu zowonongeka zinakonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. M'dera lamakono la Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP, madera a "Irkun Irkun" ndi "Zheludinsky" zamasamba anali ataphimbidwa pang'ono. Kulipira malire a madera a malo oteteza zachilengedwe, malo atsopano "Bureysky" adalengedwa. Anagwirizanitsa malo awiri osungiramo katundu ndipo adalandira madera ena a m'nkhalango pamwamba pa mapiri a Bureyskiye HPPs. Malo onse a malo a Bureysky Reserve ndi mahekitala 132,000.

Mu 2015, ntchito idapangidwa kuti isamutse mitundu yambiri ya zinyama ndi zinyama kuchokera kumalo osefukira. Yuri Gafarov, mmodzi mwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zachilengedwe, omwe adagwira nawo ntchito pa ulimi wa zinyama ndi zinyama, adanena kuti malo omangira abakha ndi mabanja achimwenye a ku Far East anamangidwa. Ndiponso, nyumba zachisanu ndi zodyera zinyama zakutchire zinapangidwira, zomera zambiri zosiyana zinachokera ku dera lamadzi osefukira kupita kumalo atsopano.

Chifukwa cha ntchito

Malingana ndi malipoti a PJSC RusHydro, pakali pano pali kukonza kosungidwa kwa magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, ndipo ntchito yomanga dziwe imayambanso. Mu June 2016 kutalika kwa dziwe kunali mamita 131 pamwamba pa nyanja, mlingo wamakono - mamita 140. Pomwe kumangidwa kwa milandu yamadziwa, ntchito ikuchitidwa popanda kuchepetsa chiwerengero ndi kusintha kwa nyengo yozizira. Kubowola mabowo poika mulu m'nyengo yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka ndi kutentha zipangizo zamakampani. Amur chisanu sankasungira zipangizo ndi anthu, koma ntchito yokonzedwa nthawi zonse inkachitika nthawi.

Malingana ndi S. Nikulin, injiniya wa dipatimenti yopanga ndi luso la kampaniyo "Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP", inati mu August 2016, ntchito zonse zikuchitika molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe anakonza. Makamaka, adanena kuti mapulaneti ayamba kale kukhazikitsidwa, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito makina oyendera magetsi zakhala zikupangidwira ndipo pulojekitiyi imayikidwa. Malingana ndi iye, ntchito ikupita mu mafelemu ofunika kwambiri, kumene kulibe malo othamanga. Komanso, injiniyayo inanena kuti kukonzekera magulu onse a magetsi oyendetsa magetsi kumafuna kuti zikhale zodzikongoletsera zokwanira, zizindikiro zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa popanda mipata yochepa. Ananena kuti akukhulupirira kuti posachedwapa pulogalamu ya mphamvu ya Far East idzalandiridwa kale mu 2016. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi mavutowa komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zipangizo zina, PJSC RusHydro imanena kuti angathe kusunthira mbewuyi mpaka 2017.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa Mtsinje wa Bureya kunachitika pa April 19, 2016, madzi akuyenda tsopano akudutsa njira zowonongeka kwa magetsi. Kukonzekera kwa makonzedwe a konkire pakamangidwe kwa sitimayi pakalipano ndikulingana ndi 90%.

Zosangalatsa

Pamakalata a Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP anadza V. Putin ndi chizindikiro chokoma mu kontrakiti yoyamba yotchinga pawuniwotchi. Anakhazikitsa chiyambi cha zomangamanga a Bishop Lukian, napatsanso omanga chithunzithunzi chokula cha Angelo wa golidi, omwe tsopano akuikidwa pamalo apamwamba kwambiri pa malo osungiramo mphamvu, ndikukhala chizindikiro ndi kusamalira malo omangako, ndiyeno phokoso lonse la magetsi oyendetsa magetsi.

Mpaka pano, malo ovuta pa mtsinje wa Bureya ndi ntchito yofuna kwambiri ku Russia pambuyo pa Soviet Russia, yopangidwa mosagwirizana ndi cholowa cha USSR, zomwe zikuwonetseratu zomwe dziko lingakwanitse komanso zomwe zingatheke. Anthu ambiri omwe apita kuntchitoyi amalimbikitsa kuti aziyendera malo omwe a Nizhne-Bureyskaya HPP ayamba ntchito posachedwa. Adilesi m'dera la Amur: Districtys Burekiki, Malo a Bureysky, Gidrostroiteley Microdistrict, Kumanga 2, kalata 3.