Ndani anayambitsa okroshka? Maphikidwe akale a zakudya zaku Russia

Mu zakudya zaku Russia, mitundu yambiri ya maphikidwe, yomwe ngakhale akatswiri sangathe kunena molimba mtima. Sitikudziwika, mwachitsanzo, amene anapanga okroshka ndi zomwe poyamba zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.

Chinsinsi cha dzina

Mbiri ya dziko la Russia yophika zakudya inayamba zaka mazana angapo. Panthawiyi, idadzaza ndi mbale zatsopano, maina omwe masiku ano amamveka osati achilendo. Zoona, pali chinsinsi chimodzi apa. Maina onsewa akuyankhula. Izi ndizosavuta kuganiza ndi momwe izi kapena mankhwalawa akukonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, sadziwika kuti ndi ndani amene anapanga okroshka, koma aliyense akudziwa kuti iyi ndi msuzi wozizira ku Russia. Njira yokonzekera imakhala kale mu dzina, pambuyo poti mawu akuti "okroshka" amachokera ku vesi lodziwika bwino "crumb", lomwe limatanthauza kutsekedwa bwino.

Motero zikuonekeratu kuti zidutswa zazikulu za chakudya pa chakudya chotero sizingagwire ntchito. Yemwe anayambitsa okroshka, anayesera kuwaphwanya iwo momwe angathere. Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu cha msuzi wakale wozizira. Koma mpaka lero lino dzina la Mlengi wake silinayambe. Ngakhale, mwinamwake, iwo sanali munthu mmodzi. Apa ndi ophika omwe amayesera kupereka zopangira zawo dzina lake. Zakale, zolemba zophikira zokha zinkangoonekera ngati mwayi wokonzanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa chakudya.

Zosakaniza

Mbiri siidziwa amene anapanga okroshka. Mpaka pano, zokhazokha za mbale yachilendo izi zafika . Inde, pokonzekera msuzi wakale wa Russian, chisakanizo cha zinthu zosweka za mitundu yosiyanasiyana chinagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Nyama kapena nsomba;
• Zomera zatsopano kapena zophika;
• Zipinda zosiyanasiyana;
• Zitsamba zokometsera.

Mbalame yowonongeka inatsanulidwa ndi kuvala madzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kvass. Koma pali zina zomwe mungachite. Pali maphikidwe odziwika, kumene okroshka amapangidwa pa maziko a:

• Mowa;
• Whey;
• Viniga wosasa;
• Kefir;
• Madzi amchere;
• Birch kvas;
• Bowa wa tiyi;
• Nyama kapena msuzi wa beet;
• Madzi a phwetekere;
• Nkhaka brine.

Zonsezi zimagawidwa mwapadera kuti azikonzekera msuzi wozizira. M'madera osiyana a Russia pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukonzekera kwake, malinga ndi miyambo yakale yamakono ndi zokonda zapadera.

Kuchokera zaka zakuya

Ngakhale kuti mbiri ya okroshka inalembedwa zaka mazana ambiri, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa izo kunawonekera m'buku lakuti "The Poster ndi Scion Table", lofalitsidwa mu 1880.

Zosakaniza zazikuluzikulu zinali ndi zotsatirazi: 400 magalamu a nyama yophika (kapena nsomba iliyonse), mazira theka la lita imodzi, mazira 4 owiritsa, lita imodzi ya kabichi (chakumwa choyipa, osati supu ya kabichi), galasi la kirimu wowawasa, amadyera (nthenga Anyezi ndi katsabola), nkhaka 4 ndi nkhuku.

Bukuli linalongosola njira yopezera kuphika:

1. Choyamba, zigawo zonse (nyama, mazira, masamba ndi nkhaka) ziyenera kudula.
2. Pambuyo pake ayenera kuikidwa mu mbale yakuya.
3. Onetsani mchere, onjezerani kirimu wowawasa ndi kusakaniza bwino.
4. Mbuziyo imayenera kutsanulidwa ndi kvass kapena shchi. Pachifukwa chachiwiri, mbaleyo idzakhala ndi kulawa kwakukulu komanso kotchulidwa.
5. Ikani makola achiberekero, zidutswa za madzi ndi kusakaniza kachiwiri.

Mutha kudya msuzi umenewu pokhapokha atakonzedwa bwino ndi utakhazikika.

Zosangalatsa

Asayansi ena amanena kuti mbiri ya okroshka ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi burlaks. Amakhulupirira kuti adabwera ndi kusakaniza zinthu zosiyanasiyana. M'masiku akale pa Volga, ntchito yamanja idagwiritsidwa ntchito kusunthira katundu pamadzi. Magulu a anthu mothandizidwa ndi zingwe zamphamvu zomwe zimagwedezeka pamphepete mwa gombe ndi katundu. Chakudya chamadzulo chamadzulo, monga lamulo, chinali ndi nsomba zouma komanso zouma (vobla). Tsopano palibe aliyense amene angakonde mapu awa. Komano anthu osauka analibe mwayi wosankha ndipo adayenera kudzikonza okha. Panalibe madokotala a mano masiku amenewo, ndipo kunali kovuta kulimbana ndi chakudya cholimba popanda kudzikongoletsa mano odwala. Choncho, asanadye, iwo ankawombera mbuzi. Nsombazo zinakhala zosavuta ndipo zinali zosavuta kuluma. Pambuyo pake, kuti apange zakudya zowonjezera, anayamba kuwonjezera masamba (turnips, mbatata ndi zina). Kotero chotupitsa chozoloŵera pang'onopang'ono chinasandulika msuzi, womwe kwa zaka zambiri wapindula kwambiri.

Mu miyambo yabwino

Poyamba, monga kumadziwika, okroshka inakonzedwa pa kvass. Maphunziro achikale adasintha kanthawi pang'ono.

Masiku ano chakudya ichi ndi chizolowezi kugwiritsa ntchito: 300 magalamu a mbatata ndi nkhaka zatsopano, mazira 4 a nkhuku, supuni ya supuni ya mchere, 200 magalamu a radish ndi soseji yophika, komanso magalamu 30 a parsley, anyezi anyezi ndi dill.

Njira yamakono yowonjezera ikuphatikizapo masitepe angapo

1. Choyamba, mbatata ndi mazira ziyenera kuphikidwa, kenako zizizira ndipo ziyeretsedwe.
2. Pambuyo pake, iwo, pamodzi ndi nkhaka ndi soseji, ayenera kudulidwa ang'onoang'ono.
3. Radishi ikhoza kugaya pa grater kapena kudula mu magawo oonda.
4. Sungani zopangira zokonzeka mu mbale imodzi.
5. Mavitambo kuti azitsuka bwino, finely kutha ndi kuwonjezera pa zina zonse zogulitsa.
6. Mchere ndiyeno sakanizani bwino.
7. Thirani osakaniza ndi kvass.
8. Musanayambe kutumikira, ikani pang'ono kirimu wowawasa.

Zimakhala zodabwitsa okroshka pa kvass. Maphikidwe akale ndi osavuta, kotero mukhoza kuphika mbale kwa theka la ora. Icho chiri mofulumira, chophweka ndi chokoma kwambiri.

Kusankha zamasamba

Tsopano ndi kovuta kunena yemwe anapanga okroshka ndi kvass. Koma ziribe kanthu, pambuyo pake, anthu potsirizira pake anthu adaphunzira kuchokera ku chophimba chachikulu kuti aziphika zosiyanasiyana zosiyana za mbale yapachiyambi. Kwa iwo amene amakonda zakudya zamasamba, mukhoza kupereka osati msuzi wamba, umene mulibe nyama, nsomba ndi mazira.

Kwa ntchito ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zotsatirazi: 0,5 malita apadera okroshechny kvass, 400 magalamu a letesi, 30 magalamu a adyo, 1 ma nkhaka watsopano, mchere, supuni 4 zakudulidwa masamba, 3 supu ya adyo, kirimu wowawasa, 4 magalamu a shuga ndi tsabola .

Kukonzekera okroshka yotere ndi losavuta:

1. Saladi ndi nkhaka zowonjezereka zowonjezera ndikuwonjezera adyo yosakaniza.
2. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa ndi timbewu timene timasakaniza ndi shuga.
3. Onjezerani mchere, tsabola ndi kutsanulira zonse ndi kvass.
4. Ikani kirimu wowawasa ndi kusonkhezera bwino.

Musanayambe kutumikira, onjezerani nyama yochuluka ya minced ku mbale iliyonse mosiyana. Ngati mukufuna, ntchito ikhonza kukhala yosavuta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito blender kuphika mbatata yophika.

Lingaliro lochititsa chidwi

M'magwero ovomerezeka mulibe chidziwitso chenicheni cha yemwe anapanga okroshka ndi liti. Komabe, akatswiri ena olemba mbiri amakhulupirira kuti chipangidwe ichi chokonzekera chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi. Kenako Rus analamulira kalonga wotchuka wa Vladimir. M'mabuku ena muli zolemba za momwe mu 989 anaperekamo lamulo logawira anthu onse okhala uchi, chakudya ndi kvass. Choncho tingathe kuganiza kuti ndiye kuti panthawiyo, lingaliro la kuyambitsira mafuta kwa msuzi wakale wozizira kunawonekera. Choncho, mapeto a zaka za zana la khumi akhoza kuonedwa kuti ndilo kuyamba kwa lingaliro lophika okroshki. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, mayi aliyense wamasiye waphunzira kuphika mbaleyi, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe analipo mnyumbamo.

M'zaka zimenezo anthu ankagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chilichonse ndi mkate wakuda ndi anyezi atsopano. Chizoloŵezi ichi chafika pafupifupi lero. Tsopano mkate umayenera kuti ukhale nawo patebulo, ndipo anyezi ndi gawo la mbale zambiri. Anasungidwa ndi lingaliro la kuphika okroshki, yomwe panthawiyi imangowonjezera ndi zigawo zatsopano.

Kuvala zovala zolimbitsa thupi

Masiku ano, mungathe kukumana ndi okroshka ngakhale mumasitomala ambiri. Zoona, kvass sichitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta. Monga gawo la madzi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mkaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mungaganizire njira yosavuta yopangira okroshka pa seramu.

Kuchita izi, mukufunikira zowonjezera zokha: 0,5 kilogalamu ya nkhumba ya nkhumba ndi nambala yomweyo ya nkhaka zatsopano, 3 malita a whey, mazira 8, 400 magalamu a radish, 1 mandimu, 5 mbatata, mchere pang'ono ndi masamba (katsabola, parsley).

Njira yokonzekera ili yofanana ndi malemba oyambirira:

1. Wiritsani nyama, kenako ikani komanso mudule.
2. Mbatata ndi mazira, nayenso, ziyenera kuphikidwa, ndiyeno ziyeretsedwe ndikudulidwa kukhala cubes.
3. Nkhaka zimatha zidutswa zofanana, ndi radish bwino akanadulidwa mu blender.
4. Ikani zokhazokha muzodya zomwe mumadya ndikuziwaza ndi masamba odulidwa.
5. Thirani seramu, onjezerani madzi a mandimu ndi mchere.

Musanayambe kudya pa mbale iliyonse mosiyana muziika kirimu wowawasa.

Kusiyanasiyana pamutu wa okroshki

M'mabuku ambiri ophikira, pali Chinsinsi cha msuzi wozizira wotchedwa "okroshka". Chakudya cha Russian chimasunga njira zambiri zozikonzekera. Mwachitsanzo, m'buku la Vasily Levshin, lofalitsidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, kusinthana kwa msuzi kumafotokozedwa, kumene kulibe mbatata. Kuchokera kwa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera: yokazinga nyama, anyezi, nkhaka (mchere ndi watsopano), viniga, mchere wochuluka ndi kvass.

Chilichonse chikuchitidwa mosavuta:

1. Choyamba asankha nkhaka kuti adye udzu.
2. Chinthu chomwecho chochita ndi plums, mutachotsa mafupa kwa iwo.
3. Finely kuwaza anyezi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito bulbu ndi nthenga zobiriwira.
4. Dulani nyama ku fupa ndipo mwinamwake muipese ndi udzu.
5. Sakanizani zosakaniza pamodzi.
6. Onjezerani supuni 2 za maula ndi nkhaka zamadzi.
7. Thirani mu pang'ono apulo cider viniga.
8. Kuthawira ndi kvass.

Njirayi ndi yabwino kwambiri, chifukwa imakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosavuta zomwe zingakhalebe mufiriji pambuyo pa chakudya chamadzulo.

Njira yofanana

Poyamba mbale iyi inalembedwa m'buku la Nikolai Osipov "Wolemba boma wa ku Russia, woyang'anira nyumba ndi kuphika". Inafotokozeranso kapezedwe ka msuzi wotsitsimutsa wodzazidwa ndi kvass. Kusiyanasiyana ndi maphikidwe ena ambiri ndikuti kagawo kakang'ono kamene kamakonzedwa pasadakhale mwa njira yapadera ya mkate ndi malt ndi kuwonjezera kwa timbewu tating'ono. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa zakale ndi zamakono kvas ndizoti chinthucho chisanakhale choyera komanso chosasangalatsa. Anagwiritsanso ntchito potsitsimutsa, pokonzekera zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku ufa wa rye ndi chotupitsa ngati mafinya. Masiku ano mukhoza kudzipanga nokha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera: 80 magalamu a mkate wa rye, magalasi 12 a madzi, 3 magalamu a yisiti ndi supuni 2 za shuga.

Sayansi ya zakumwa ndi yophweka kwambiri:

1. Choyamba, mikateyo iyenera kudula ndi yokazinga mpaka yofiira.
2. Thirani mankhwala ndi madzi ndi kuwasiya okha kwa maola asanu.
3. Kulowetsedwa kulowetsedwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa izo isanafikepo yisiti ndi shuga.

Pambuyo pa kulowetsedwa kwa maola asanu ndi atatu, okroshechny kvass adzakhala okonzeka.

Kutentha

Pamene kutentha mumsewu, palibe aliyense amene angafune kudya msuzi otentha. Ku Russia, kwa nthawi yaitali, zakudya zoyamba monga okroshka, botvina ndi chill zinali zotchuka. M'nyengo yozizira yotentha adathandiza kuthawa zotsatira za kutenthedwa kwa moto. Mwa njira zitatu izi, botzinia amakopa chidwi chapadera. Kuphika izo mophweka monga okroshka. Pofuna kugwira ntchito, muyenera kuyamba kukonzekera zowonjezeramo: lita imodzi ya mkate kvass, 250 magalamu a sorelo, sipinachi ndi nsomba yophika, 2 nkhaka zatsopano, supuni ya shuga, mchere, gulu la masamba anyezi, mchere ndi zowonjezera.

Msuzi wophika ndi wofunikira pazigawo:

1. Choyamba sipinachi ndi sorelo ziyenera kutsukidwa, zophika, ndiyeno zizitsuka katunduyo kudzera mu sieve ndi kuchepetsa ndi zokonzedwa bwino.
2. Onjezani nkhaka zokometsera ndi anyezi.
3. Fukani ndi shuga, mchere komanso katsabola.
4. Msuzi wokonzeka wotayidwa pa mbale.

Zisanayambe kumwa, zimangowonjezerapo kuti zikhale zowonjezera, kuziika nsomba zophika ndi mazira ochepa.