Malasha makampani - mavuto ndi chiyembekezo

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya chuma cha padziko lonse ndi mafuta ndi mphamvu yake zovuta. Cholowa cha mankhwala mphamvu mu GDP padziko lonse osachepera 10%. Mlingo wa mowa wake kuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse malinga ndi kukula choipitsitsa mankhwala dziko. A gweronso lalikulu la mphamvu mu nthawi yathu ndi mafuta, malasha, mafuta shale ndi ureniamu. Mafuta ndi gasi koma zimapezeka, koma nkhokwe zawo pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka, ndipo penapake pakati pa zana lino Adzalefuka. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhokwe khala adzakhala zaka 200, ngakhale ndi kupanga kwambiri tima.

Choncho, lonse makampani khala likupitirirabe wotchuka kwambiri. Tsopano 44% ya magetsi amapangidwa ndi zomera matenthedwe mphamvu ntchito malasha. Ndiponso, singasiyanitsidwe mu zitsulo mu yadothi zitsulo akakhala. Ambiri madipoziti khala ndi anaikira mu dera Asia-Pacific, North America ndi mayiko CIS. Mwachitsanzo, China ali mbali inayi ya nkhokwe malasha, ndi Russia - lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Mu Kazakhstan, izo anaikira 3.6% ya nkhokwe okwana dziko.

Tonga khala Waogula Zinthu Kunja ndi maiko monga USA, Australia, South Africa, Venezuela ndi Colombia. Komanso zikuphatikizapo Canada, Indonesia, Poland, China ndi Russia. Makampani khala m'mayikowa kupereka kufunika padziko lonse khala ndi 90%. Ndipo Ogula zakunja waukulu wa mankhwala ena a ku Asia, monga Japan, Taiwan ndi Korea South, komanso mayiko ambiri a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Russian khala makampani - ndi matani biliyoni 193,3 wa nkhokwe kutsimikiziridwa malasha. Mkati chithunzi ichi, miyala ya anthracite, lignite, malasha ndi khala coking. Pakali pano, khala ndi ncho 16 mabeseni malasha, amene amafotokoza 85 mabungwe oyang'anira tauni ya la Russia. Pankhaniyi, 58 mizinda yambiri ali lonse malasha m'madera amene anapanga padziko mabizinezi khala.

Tsopano makampani khala la Chitaganya cha Russia - ndi mabomba 85 kuti chaka amapereka pamwamba pafupifupi mamiliyoni 383 matani malasha. Mwachitsanzo, matani mamiliyoni 336 wa malasha zinalengedwa 2011 mabomba awa, amene ali apamwamba kuyambira kugwa kwa USSR. Yaikulu malasha beseni panopa ndi Kuznetsk beseni. Koma, kuwonjezera pa Kuzbass, pali zingapo zingamuthandize madipoziti mu Russia. Iwo amadula Far East, Eastern Siberia ndi Kansk-Achinsk beseni. Kukula kwa minda izi zingawonjezere yopanga khala Russian.

Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, makampani khala ndi vuto makampani. The mavuto waukulu monga kuvulala wake kuntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mayiko ena amawononga ndalama zapang'ono kuthandiza ntchito imeneyi. Chifukwa, pali kuchepa kwa ndalama chitetezo cha ntchito, ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kuvulala ndi imfa ya Anthuwa. "Mtsogoleri" m'nkhani imeneyi mayiko monga Russia ndi China. M'migodi m'mayiko amenewa akufa chaka chilichonse mazana ndi zikwi za anthu.

Ngakhale pa migodi ya malasha ndi processing kuti kuwononga kwambiri chikhalidwe. Iwo amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi umuna zonse dziko ali mabomba, m'mlengalenga. Komanso processing wa malasha si zachilengedwe wochezeka njira. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza khala coke ndi mkangano ndi kutentha zina. Chifukwa, izo limatulutsa wa carbon dioxide ndi mankhwala ena oipa, ndiponso lalikulu zedi. Onse zoipitsa izi imawonjezera kutentha.

Koma, ngakhale kuti maonekedwe a makampani khala chimakwirira mavuto ambiri, makampani mu dziko lero akadali mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri. Malasha tsopano ndi gwero lina la mphamvu zazikulu, monga nkhokwe zake zitikwanira kwa zaka zambiri. Komanso, mtengo kwa izo khola ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa mitengo mmalo ake mwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mafuta pa zomera matenthedwe mphamvu ndalama 1.5 mtengo kuposa ntchito malasha. Ndipo ngati posachedwapa sati katswiri magwero mphamvu zatsopano, ndi 2030 khala adzakhala ndiwo mphamvu.