Ndi zinthu zotani? ndi zinthu m'chilengedwe chiyani?

Sukulu junior mkulu ana nkhani zimene ndi chitsanzo yosavuta komanso zimene ndi thunthu.

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "chinthu"

Mwachidule, thunthu angatchedwe zonse zimene zili thupi iliyonse. The kalasi akulu a zinthu otchedwa nkhani ya amene ali thupi, ndipo ali enieni katundu thupi ndi mankhwala. Mankhwala amatchedwanso magulu maatomu kapena mamolekyulu amene ali mu mkhalidwe ena a loitanirana. zinthu zonse amapanga bungwe ena. Kwenikweni ife tinadutsa ndi uliri olimba, imene particles angakhalemo mawonekedwe ndi kufalikira. Koma pangakhale madzi ndi gaseous zinthu. Ndiko kuti, kodi chinthu ndi thupi mu mawu a chiyambi? Matupi akhoza analenga muuthunthu chifukwa alowererepo anthu. Wamba mwala kuti anali atagona mapiri, olengedwa mwa chirengedwe, ndi mchere, ndi anaikapo mu mkombero wamkulu zasayansi - izi ndi ntchito ya munthu, thupi lakelake. Koma onse zinthu osavuta (ichi nkhani zotsatirazi), olengedwa mwa chibadwa. zosakaniza osiyana kale kulenga ndi anthu, koma gwero aikidwa ndi izo. Tsatirani funso, kodi zinthu ndi thupi, tikhoza kunena kuti iwo anawagawa zachilengedwe ndi yokumba.

Mitundu ya mankhwala tinthu mogwirizana kapena boma la loitanirana

mankhwala agawidwa m'magulu angapo malinga ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Choncho, n'zotheka kuti mufotokozere kodi thunthu malinga ndi zimene zimachitika pakati pa particles. mogwirizana amphamvu tinthu khalidwe la zolimba. Mipweya amakonda kusowa pafupifupi mtheradi wa mogwirizana. Phula zakuthupi ndi wapakatikati pakati olimba ndi gaseous zinthu - tinthu mawonekedwe, koma osati mochuluka monga zolimba. katundu Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti pakati pa particles kuti amapanga zinthu, pali mipata, ndi zipangizo olimba, mipata izi ndi ochepa, koma yaikulu gaseous. Pa magulu chomwecho anapambulwa mankhwala kayendedwe mphamvu alipo mu particles ndi mphamvu angathe mogwirizana. Mu zakumwa mphamvu izi pafupifupi ofanana. Umene uli zolimba mphamvu ndi kuthekera mu mpweya, Mosiyana, kayendedwe. Yankho la funso lakuti, kodi zinthu mu chilengedwe, akhoza kukhala mungachite izi. Aliyense wa zinthu zakumwamba kapena makhalidwe ali m'zinthu zinthu zinalengedwa mwa chirengedwe, ndi zinthu zimene anatuluka chifukwa cha zochita za anthu.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mankhwala akhoza kukhala mu maiko osiyanasiyana. Kotero, chitsanzo losavuta - ndi madzi. Pa otsika kutentha madzimadzi adziwonetsa ayezi, mu olimba. Pamene kutentha limatuluka digiri 100 Celsius ndi madzi madzi kwasanduka mpweya.

Kupatukana zinthu mwa mawu a mankhwala

Mu umagwirira, zinthu zopangidwa kugawira m'magulu ziwiri zazikulu - ndi zinthu payekha ndi zosakaniza. Ndiko kuti, kodi zinthu mu umagwirira? Oyera kale, ndipo tsopano zinthu payekha ndi anthu amene sakhoza mbali zing'onozing'ono, wogwirizana. Zosakaniza zipangizo ndinu yemweyo, mu dongosolo ndi zigawo zingapo. Ndipotu zikuoneka kuti osakaniza akhoza zigwirizana zinthu zingapo payekha.

Nawonso mankhwala angathe kukhala zophweka kapena zovuta. Zambiri - ndi mankhwala kuti imakhala ndi ma atomu a chimodzi chokha mankhwala amafotokozera, kuipidwa - zingapo: ziwiri kapena zambiri. Zambiri amatchedwa pulayimale ndi zovuta mankhwala - pawiri.

Monga tanenera poyamba, osakaniza limapangidwa zinthu zingapo woyera ndi pankhaniyi iwo anawagawa zosakaniza homogeneous ndi nonhomogeneous, kapena makina ndi mavutowo. Chitsanzo yosavuta otani wothandizila yothetsera - ichi ndi tiyi mwachizolowezi. Amakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu - madzi, masamba tiyi ndi shuga. Shuga uniformly anaika pa madzi ndipo n'zosatheka kudziwa, koma kulawa. Koma ngati tiyi kutsanulira kwambiri shuga, ndipo zilibe kupasuka kwathunthu, ndiye izo zidzakhala osakaniza makina. Mbali ya njira ya shuga, ndi ena adzagona pansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, ndi tiyi zitsanzo mu zigawo chapamwamba adzakhala yosiyaniranapo pansi zidzakhala lokoma, ndi pamwamba - osachepera. Osakaniza kudzakhala ndi maziko kusanganikirana mchenga ndi shuga. particles ndi yosakaniza, iwo adzakhala n'zovuta kupatukana, koma iwo ostanutsyas pa katundu wawo ndi sapeka kugwirizana latsopano.

zinthu Organic ndi zochita kupanga

Funso, kodi zinthu mu chilengedwe, akhoza anayankha kuti: organic ndi zochita kupanga. Kodi chinthu chilichonse zochita kupanga kuti akhoza kupangidwa popanda kudzipeleka kwa chamoyo moyo ndi chikhalidwe si moyo. organic kosiyana oppositely - izo atangotha ndi thandizo la zamoyo ndi gawo la chamoyo moyo yokha. Zitsanzo za zinthu zochita kupanga akufunanso odziwika bwino zonse madzi zilipo ndipo zimenezi n'kofunika kuti moyo, monga mpweya, ndicho mpweya, mchere salt zosiyanasiyana. zipangizo Organic monga mafuta, chakudya, inki, mapuloteni. Ndi oseketsa kuti gawo la mtundu uwu zinachitikadi pakati pa asayansi za zamoyo monga wapadera mankhwala organic, ndi zinthu zina zonse zachilengedwe zopanda moyo akhala amatamanda ndi zochita kupanga. Mwamwayi, mu thupi kwambiri zinthu zochita kupanga, komanso mu thupi la nyama iliyonse pa dziko.

Chinthu chapadera wa organic tinganene kuti pafupifupi onse a iwo ali ndi mpweya. zinthu zambiri zochita kupanga mkulu limatsogolera ndi mfundo kuwira organics - mosemphanitsa.

Kupatukana malangizo moto

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti funso, kodi zinthu ndi zipangizo, ndi firefighter zikuoneka kuyankha - kuyaka ndipo sanali kuyaka. Pakati pawo pali inflammable zinthu zina zimene Kuipako ngati pali kukhudzana zonse lawi, koma ngati inu kuchotsa gwero, icho chimapita uko. Choncho, thunthu kuyaka kapena zinthu angathe moto atadziŵa gwero, ndiponso mwina Kuipako. Non-flammable mankhwala si angathe moto mu mlengalenga. Zambiri zokhudza nkhani imeneyi, ana onse kuphunzira maphunziro chitetezo ntchito kapena ngozi moyo.

Zotsatira pa thupi la munthu

zinthu zonse zopezeka m'chilengedwe, akhoza kugawidwa mu otetezedwa ndi woopsa. Woopsawo zikhoza kuganiziridwa amene kale tatchulazi - moto. ndi kuopsa kwake n'kotani? Iwo akhoza kuwononga thanzi la munthu, umene udzakhazikitsidwe mu moto moto. Idzakhala zotsatira thupi pa khungu: amayaka, kapena yaikulu ziwalo mkati mwa mundawo kupuma. Mwa njira, chimodzimodzi kungasokoneze zidzachitika kusuta. Kusuta si fodya yekha, amene ali kwambiri zinthu zodziwika zoipa kwa thupi, komanso mankhwala.

Kodi mitundu ya mankhwala

Osati mankhwala onse atengedwa ndi kusuta, ena a iwo jekeseni mtsempha, ndi Mpweya monga ufa mu mphuno kapena kudya cholembapo. Koma zonsezi mavuto, ngakhale mfundo yakuti pamaso akhoza kumabweretsa chimwemwe ndi mtendere, kuchangamuka, kapena ngakhale ena amtundu zotsatira zabwino. Onse zotsatira kutha, koma kuti mavuto kwa iwo Ndithu yotalikirapo, iwo amadziwa chilichonse.

anapezazo

Ngati mudzapempha mwana: "Tandiuza, kodi zinthu ndi zipangizo, Mwachitsanzo," iye adzakhala kwambiri mayankho. Nkofunika kumvetsa wophunzira, kuti chinthu chomwecho amadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri kuti akhala tatchulazi, kusiyana ndi makhalidwe ena. Kuyambira wamng'ono kwambiri zokhudza kodi zinthu imatundumukira monga kuphunzira sayansi sukulu.