City kusintha kwa Alexander II mu 1870. Mfundo yaikulu ya kusintha m'tawuni

mzindawo kusintha zotchuka Alexander II zinachitikadi mu 1870. Iye anakhala mbali ya kusintha lofunika kwambiri anthu Russian, kunachitika atagonjetsedwa ku Crimea nkhondo. Nthawi imeneyi, mzinda anadwala alonda kwambiri utsogoleri m'ndende. Kusintha anawapatsa ufulu anira zachuma, chuma, chitetezo ndi zina zotero. D.

prerequisites

Kukonzekera ntchito ya kusintha kayendetsedwe m'tawuni inayamba mu 1862. Malinga ndi mtumiki zozungulira mkati Peter Valuev anayamba kukhazikitsidwa kwa makomiti, imene inafotokoza kusintha ofunika.

mabungwe awa zosakhalitsa agwira ntchitoyi kwa zaka zitatu. City kusintha anapitiriza pamene mu 1864 bungwe anakonza ntchito wamba, chomwe chinali kuti athandize mizinda yonse ya ufumuwo. Mu sitepe yotsatira anakonza kulingalira chikalata ndi Council boma. Komabe, April 4, 1866 panali chiwembucho moyo wa Alexander Karakozov II. Analephera Zigawenga zinabweretsa msokonezi m'maganizo mwa akuluakulu. polojekiti ndayima kaye.

kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali a

Pambuyo chete kwa nthaŵi yaitali, Bungwe la State, atabwerera ku kulingalira kusintha kusodza. ntchito wina anapeza kuti alowe vsesoslovnye othandiza oopsa kwambiri. Mkangano yaitali inathera ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo anakopera ku Prussia. Ufumu umenewu German anali curia atatu, amene zinapangidwa ndi amakhoma misonkho, magulu monga zopereka kwa bajeti.

Dongosolo lomwelo anatengera ku Russia. Municipal kusintha mu 1870 chifukwa anali motere. Bungwe m'dera kusankhidwa ndi anthu, anagawa mu Curia. M'nthawi ya iwo anakhala yekha angapo mfulu olemera kulipira misonkho kwambiri. Choncho, dazeni anthu olemera analandira chifaniziro ofanana chifaniziro cha kalasi pakati ndi unyinji wa ukulu a anthu ndi ndalama zochepa (iwo akhoza kukhala mu mahandiredi kapena masauzande). Choncho, kusintha kwa Alexander City 2 anakhalabe mwachilungamo ndiwofatsa. Iwo anayambitsanso mfundo za demokalase ku kudzikonda lamulo, koma lingaliro akadali lotchedwa pamaziko a anthu lochitira chikhalidwe.

Matupi a boma oyang'anira tauni

Malinga ndi udindo analera kusintha m'tauni ya Alexander 2 anayambitsanso m'tawuni kasamalidwe anthu (Duma chisankho msonkhano ndi bungwe mudzi). Iwo anali kuyang'anira moyo zachuma, kusintha bungwe, namtsata chitetezo moto, kupereka anthu ndi chakudya, bungwe mabungwe ngongole, kuphana katundu, ndi Marina.

Municipal kusintha mu 1870 anakhazikitsa misonkhano kusankhidwa, ntchito yaikulu imene anali chisankho cha mavawelo mu Duma. nthawi yawo pa nchito zaka 4. Mu malamulo atsopano membala wa Duma akhoza kukhala nzika iliyonse amene anali ufulu Kuvota. Mu lamulo ili, pali ena amene anavomereza. Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha sanali Akhristu bwanji kuti asapitirire mavawelo chachitatu (m. E. aphungu). Ayuda sanathe mpando wa meya. Choncho, malamulo waukulu masankho zinali chipembedzo khalidwe.

mphamvu Council City

Mopitiriza kusintha m'tauni, imene inali yopereka a boma mzinda, zinali zochepa ndi kusokonekera kwa mphamvu za mabungwe a boma. Pamaso malamulo zonse ku ulamuliro centralized ndi zida malamulo. ulamuliro amapereka inefficient kwambiri ndi patsogolo.

kusintha Municipal kwachititsa chakuti Council City anali nawo ulamuliro woika akuluakulu osiyana. nawonso tsopano malamulo kukhazikitsidwa, kuchepetsa ndipo ukuwonjezeka msonkho. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wa kukhalabe izi thupi nthumwi pansi ulamuliro wa kazembe. Misonkhano anaikidwa pa pempho la osachepera wachisanu ka mavawelo lapansi. Komanso, Duma akhoza lachiweruzo ndi bwanankuba kapena kazembe. maboma anaonekera m'mizinda 509.

mbali zina za kusintha

Mwazina, ganizo Mzimuyo zikuchokera bwalo la mzinda. thupi ili, nayenso anali kuyang'anira Bajeti, kusonkhanitsa wa mauthenga mavawelo, ndi kutolera misonkho mowa kwa anthu. Council lipoti ku bungwe la City, koma pa nthawi yomweyo anali ndi ufulu kuzindikira thupi woimira mlandu n'kosaloleka. Mu nkhani ya kulimbana pakati pa mabungwe awiri a mphamvu pamene zinthu zinasokoneza kazembeyo.

Adzaponye chisanko Duma sanathe mlandu kapena pansi kufufuza. Kuyamba malire zaka (zaka 25). Ufulu Relegation ankayembekezera kuchotsedwa kwa akuluakulu a boma. Komanso, mawu mosatsata wake nzika anali arrears mu deta msonkho. mndandanda oponya mavoti kuyambirira malinga ndi kugawikana Curia zidakwezekanso ndi maganizo. Meya yoikidwiratu mwa mavawelo lapansi. kusankha ino kazembeyo.

mtengo

Zofunika kusintha m'tawuni kwachititsa kuti chiyambi cha n'kale lonse chitukuko mafakitale ndi malonda a mizinda. Iwo anali olumikizidwa ndi chakuti m'chigawo mphamvu ndi zazikulu kum'patsa njira yopezera ndalama msika. Tsopano mzindawo akhoza kusankha yekha ndi mmene ndalama zawo. Chotero wodzilamulira nthawi zina kwambiri kuposa wakale fupa utsogoleri chitsanzo.

Pomaliza, kusintha m'tauni ya Alexander II analola anthu a dziko kudziwa zimene chinkhoswe boma. Izi zisanachitike, anthu opeza analibe levers kulamulira kunyumba mbadwa. Chifukwa kukhwima kusintha zinthu zasintha kwambiri. Kukula kwa chikumbumtima boma wakhala maziko a kubadwa kwa yatsopano ya chikhalidwe ndale.