Plan The Marshall - zomangidwazo bwino kwambiri thandizo chuma mbiri

Wachiwiri World nkhondo itatha. zotsatira zake kwa Europe anali zoopsa. Anthu mamiliyoni anthu anaphedwa anawonongedwa kwambiri wa nyumba katundu, ulimi sadzachitanso anafika 70% ya mlingo chisanadze nkhondo.

Cacikulu zomvetsa zachuma ndi ziwerengero kwambiri ndiwofatsa anali 1 biliyoni 440 chisanadze nkhondo franc. Popanda thandizo kunja, mayiko anakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo, sindinakhoze mavuto. Chinachake chimene chithandizo ayenera kuzindikiridwa Plan Marshall dzina la Mlengi wake, mlembi US a boma ndi anapuma asilikali George C. Marshall.

Europe unagawidwa pawiri, kum'mawa anali mu dera la mphamvu ya USSR ndi utsogoleri Stalinist asamabisanso udani wake dongosolo msika free, komanso cholinga kukhazikitsa chitetezo zokomera m'mayiko onse European.

Against maziko awa, mphamvu yogwira ntchito, ndipo amatchedwa "kumanzere." The Party Communist, mothandizidwa ndi Soviet Union, anayamba kupeza malo, kutchuka zawo.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, US anayamba kumva mantha pa Chikomyunizimu linakhazikitsidwa mu gawo iwo kulamulira kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

The Plan Marshall anali opambana kwambiri anazindikira ntchito thandizo chuma mbiri ya anthu.

Army ambiri, amene anakhala nduna ya boma pansi Truman, George. Marshall analibe maphunziro a zachuma. Makolo chenicheni cha dongosolo anali George. Kennan ndi gulu lake, iwo zinayenda mfundo zikuluzikulu za kukhazikitsa. Mukhale miyeso kuchepetsa Soviet chikoka mu Ulaya, kumene, pa nkhani ya chikominisi anadza kwa mphamvu, United States kutaya zinthu zofunika kwambiri - iwo wangomaliza tasked m'misika, ndi m'tsogolo kukumana ndi mwachindunji nkhondo.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, chuma analongosola chikalata amatchedwa "Marshall Plan." Mu kukhazikitsa wa mayiko sikisitini European analandira okwana thandizo wokwanira madola biliyoni 17. Komabe, dongosolo Marshall zinaphatikizapo osati kameredwe mankhwala decumulation ndalama American, thandizo amaperekedwa kugwilizana ndi zinthu okhwima kwambiri, monga kuchepetsa ntchito miyambo, kukana wa nationalization amakampani ndi kuthandiza mfundo zachuma msika ofotokoza kuti akalandire demokalase dziko yekha. 17% ya ndalama analandira akhala ntchito pa kugula zipangizo kupanga.

Sam Dzhordzh Marshall pa Harvard kulankhula June 5, 1947 kunaonetsa US mfundo pagulu usilikali bwino. polimbana chikominisi si zotheka ngati Europe adzakhala ofooka.

The Plan Marshall - bwino pofuna ayambe mayiko nkhondo kukhudzidwa, ndipo ndi 1950 iwo kuposa mlingo prewar wa ulimi mafakitale.

Part chithandizo amaperekedwa kwaulere, koma iwo ambiri anali ngongole pamlingo wochepa.

The Plan Marshall anali kudzudzulidwa ndi utsogoleri wa USSR ndi kum'mawa ku Ulaya la "demokalase anthu", koma zinayi zokha chosakwanira chaka zazikulu za citukuko zizindikiro zikuyendera. Mlingo wa chikoka cha zipani chikominisi anayamba mofulumira kutha, ndipo America muli ndi msika waukulu kwa chuma chake.