Ndege World nkhondo II. Asilikali ndege ya USSR

Ambiri akhoza kundiuza za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Mfundo pamenepo basi yaikulu chiwerengero. takambiranazi ayenera kulabadira nkhani imeneyi, monga ndege ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Tiyeni tikambirane za ndege wotchuka kuti ankagwiritsa ntchito nkhondoyo.

Unit zoyambirira za zombo Soviet

I-16 - "bulu", "ishachok". Monoplane womenya kupanga Soviet. Choyamba anaonekera mu 30s lapansi. Izi zinachitika mu Polikarpov OKB. Woyamba amene anakwera pa womenya mu mlengalenga, anali Valery Chkalov. Izo zinachitika pa mapeto a December 1933. ndegeyo nawo nkhondo yapachiweniweni itayamba mu 1936 ku Spain, mu mkangano ndi Japan pa Khalkhin Gol, mu nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi. Ndi chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako womenya ndi unit zoyambirira za zombo lolingana wa USSR. Ambiri mwa ntchito yake inali oyendetsa anayamba ntchito ya pa I-16.

Zoyambitsidwa Aleksandra Yakovleva

Ndege World nkhondo II m'gulu chiwerengero chawo ndi Jak-3. Pansi ndi bwino lokhala ndi injini womenya, chitukuko chimene unatsogolera Aleksandra Yakovleva. The ndege anakhala kupitiriza chachikulu cha Yak-1 chitsanzo. Kupanga makina zouluka zinachitika kuyambira 1994 mpaka 1945. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo anakwanitsa kumanga za 5000 omenyana. The ndege anamuzindikira ngati womenya yabwino ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, anaikira okwera otsika. chitsanzo inali mikono ya France.

Ndege USSR ambiri anagula kwa nthawi ndege Kutulukira Jak-7 (UTI-26). Ndi limodzi-injini ndege zinalengedwa ndi Aleksandrom Yakovlevym. Ntchito pamaso pa maphunziro ndege. Yopanga inayamba mu 1942. Mu mlengalenga ananyamuka za 6000 zitsanzo izi.

bwino lachitsanzo

Ndege ya USSR anali womenya amenewa, monga K-9. Ichi ndi chitsanzo kwambiri misa, amene kupanga watha pafupifupi 6 zaka, kuyambira 1942. Panthawi imeneyi, kuti inamangidwa 17 zikwi ndege. Ngakhale kuti lachitsanzo anasemphana pang'ono kuchokera ndege FC-7, zinthu zonse izo zakhala zambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa kupitiriza mndandanda wa.

Ndege opangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Petlyakova

Pokambirana nkhaniyi monga ndege za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, tisaiwale ndege otchedwa chuma (Pe-2). Izi yoponya mabomba madzi, umene uli wotchuka kwambiri m'kalasi ake. pempheroli ntchito kwambiri pa nkhondo.

Ndege Soviet World nkhondo II m'gulu kapangidwe kake, ndi makina zouluka monga Pe-3. Mu chitsanzo ichi, ayenera kumvetsa amapasa-injini womenya. chachikulu khalidwe Maonekedwe ake anali ndi dongosolo zitsulo. Wakhala yapangidwa OKB 29. maziko anatengedwa ndi madzi yoponya mabomba Pe-2. Asogolera ndondomeko kupanga B. Petlyakov. The ndege yoyamba inamangidwa mu 1941. Kuyambira yoponya mabomba wake ndi pakalibe zimaswa kuchepetsa zoikamo kuwombera. Panalibe grids ananyema.

Womenya angathe zouluka ikakhala mkulu

Asilikali ndege mu USSR pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World yawonjezedwa ngati okwera womenya, MiG-3. ndege Izi zoyendera lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pakati kusiyana waukulu tingaone kuti akhoza kukwera okwera mamita 12,000. Mlingo Choncho kufika mkulu mlingo zokwanira. Ndi oyendetsa womenya bwinobwino anamenyana ndi ndege mdani.

Omenyana amene kupanga imatsogoleredwa Lavochkin

Kulankhula pa nkhani monga ndege za nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, tisaiwale chitsanzo wotchedwa LaGG-3. Izi n'chosavuta monoplane, amene anali mu Air Force wa Red Army. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi womenya malo interceptor, yoponya mabomba, reconnaissance. Kupanga unakhala kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1944. Okonza ndi Lavochkin, Gorbunov, Gudkov. Mwa makhalidwe abwino ayenera kuunikila pamaso pa zida zamphamvu mkulu survivability, ntchito osachepera zipangizo osowa. The zolowetsa chachikulu ntchito polenga womenya paini ndi plywood.

Asilikali ndege anali pamaso chitsanzo chake La-5, amene kumanga zinachitika motsogozedwa Lavochkin. Izi monoplane womenya. Makhalidwe chachikulu ndi pamaso pa chidutswa chimodzi chokha, anatseka kanyumba, chimango matabwa ndipo ali yemweyo phiko spars. Kupanga ndege imeneyi inayamba mu 1942. Pachiyambi, monga zida ankagwiritsa ntchito kokha basi 20 mm Cannon kuchuluka kwa zidutswa ziwiri. Zida iwo anayikidwa mu gawo kutsogolo kwa galimoto ndi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida palibe zosiyanasiyana osiyana. Panalibe ngakhale limodzi gyro chipangizo. Ndipo ngati ife kufanizira izi ndi ndege magalimoto mlengalenga kuti akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Germany, America kapena England, zingaoneke kuti kwambiri a iwo kwanthawi kumbuyo mu mawu luso. Komabe, makhalidwe ndege anali pa mlingo mkulu. China chirichonse, yosavuta kamangidwe, kulibe kukonza nthawi yambiri, undemanding kwa zikhalidwe za m'munda zofunika zimapangitsa zilizonse chabe nthawi imeneyo. Mu chaka chimodzi, izo anayamba za chikwi omenyana.

History of Aviation wa USSR amasunga Buku ndi chitsanzo monga La-7. Izi ndi umodzi mpando monoplane womenya, yomanga imene ikuchitika Lavochkin. The ndege yoyamba linatulutsidwa mu 1944. Mu mlengalenga, iye ananyamuka February. Mu May, anaganiza kuyamba misa kupanga. Pafupifupi onse oyendetsa amene anakhala Zimphona la Soviet Union, anaulukira kwa La-7.

Lachitsanzo opangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi Polikarpov

ndege Soviet asilikali zikuphatikizapo chitsanzo U-2 (PO-2). Izi biplane Mipikisano cholinga, zimene zinachititsa yopanga Polikarpov mu 1928. Cholinga chimene amasulidwe ndegeyo zinachitika, anali kuphunzitsa ndege. Kwa iye, anali yodziwika ndi makhalidwe abwino akuchitira. Pamene Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, muyezo chitsanzo, anaganiza kusintha mapapo, usiku yoponya mabomba. Katundu Choncho anafika makilogalamu 350. ndegeyo anali kupanga mndandanda mpaka 1953. Pakuti nthawi zonse anakwanitsa kutulutsa pafupifupi 33 zikwi zitsanzo.

Mkulu-liwiro womenya

ndege asilikali WWII m'gulu makina monga Lachiwiri-2. chitsanzo iyi imatchedwanso pansi mayina nyerere 58 ndipo Lachiwiri 103 2. Izi yoponya mabomba amapasa-injini, chomwe chingathe kukhala mkulu ndege liwiro. Pakuti nthawi zonse kupanga ake inamangidwa za 2257 zitsanzo. Zida yoponya mabomba anali mpaka 1950.

zouluka thanki

Osati zochepa wotchuka ngati ndege monga IL-2. Kuukira ndege anagwiritsanso dzina lakuti "humpbacked". Zimenezi zathandizira kuti apange fuselage. Okonza kuitana makina thanki chakuwuluka. oyendetsa German zitsanzo amenewa amatchedwa konkire ndi manowa ndege yoponya mabomba chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapadera. Kuukira ndege Ilyushin kupanga nawo.

Kodi tinganene chiyani za ndege ku Germany?

German ndege ya nkhondo yachiwiri m'gulu chitsanzo monga "Messerschmitt Bf.109". Izi pisitoni womenya nizkoplan. Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati interceptor ndi, womenya, yoponya mabomba ndi reconnaissance ndege. Izi ndi ndege wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (33984 lachitsanzo). Pafupifupi oyendetsa onse German anayamba ndege imeneyi.

"Messerschmitt Bf.110" - katundu womenya njira chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chakuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cholinga chake, chitsanzo anali retrained mu yoponya mabomba a. ndegeyo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Iye anakhala nawo nkhondoyo m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Mwayi limodzi ndi ndege amenewa mogwirizana ndi kufulumira kwa maonekedwe ake. Komabe, ngati kuzemba nkhondo ili mkati, chitsanzo ichi nthawi anataya. Pa nkhani imeneyi, m'ndege otero achoka kutsogolo mu 1943.

"Messerschmitt Me.163" (nyenyezi) - chida interceptor. Choyamba anaulukira mu 1941 pa chiyambi cha September. Sanapindulebe kuŵeta. Ndi 1944 linatulutsidwa okwana zitsanzo 44. The sortie woyamba adakwatira malo okha mu 1944. Onse ndi thandizo lawo ndege 9 okha anawomberedwa pansi pa imfa ya 11.

"Messerschmitt Me.210" - katundu womenya, amene anali ngati Bf.110 chitsanzo m'malo. kuwuluka Kwake koyamba mu 1939. Mapulani ake, chitsanzo anali ndi zilema ochepa, mogwirizana ndi zomwe ndi ofunika kumenyana kugunda yovuta mokwanira. Onse anatuluka pafupifupi 90 zitsanzo. 320 ndege ndipo sanali anamaliza.

"Messerschmitt Me.262" - ndege womenya, amene ankatumikira monga yoponya mabomba ndi reconnaissance ndege. Yoyamba ndege ndege, amene adatenga mbali mu nkhondoyo. Ndiponso, tinganene kuti yoyamba ndege womenya. Mikono pulayimale anali 30 mamilimita mifuti amene anaika padziko uta. Pa nkhani imeneyi izo inaperekedwa ndikuziunjika moto lolemera.

ndege British zopangidwa

"Hawker mphepo yamkuntho" - British umodzi mpando womenya kupanga, linatuluka mu 1939. Pakuti nthawi zonse kupanga anatuluka pafupifupi 14 zikwi zitsanzo. Mogwirizana ndi makina zosintha zosiyanasiyana anali ntchito ngati interceptor, yoponya mabomba ndi kuukira ndege. Pali anthu ena amene zosintha zimene zimatanthauza zofunika ndege zonyamulira. Pakati pa aces German ndege limeneli linkatchedwa "chidebe cha mtedza." Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zinali zovuta kwambiri kusamalira ndi wosakwiya kukwera.

"Supermarine Spitfire" - British wowonongayo kupanga amene ali mota ndi zonse zitsulo-monoplane phiko pabwino mokwanira otsika. The galimotoyo chitsanzo ichi kunali kotheka kuti ayeretse. zosintha zosiyanasiyana kulola kutsatira chitsanzo monga womenya munthu, interceptor, yoponya mabomba kukazonda. Zinabala 20 zikwi magalimoto. Ena mwa iwo ankakonda 50-ntchentche. Zimagwiritsa ntchito kokha pa chiyambi cha nkhondo.

"Hawker Mvula ya mkuntho" - ndi yoponya mabomba osakwatiwa, amene kupanga zinachitikadi mpaka 1945. Pa armament inkakhala mpaka 1947. Wakhala akupangidwa kuti ntchito ndi udindo wa interceptor lapansi. Ndi mmodzi mwa asilikali bwino kwambiri. Komabe, panali mavuto ena, kumene mukhoza kusankha mlingo wochepa wa kukwera. The ndege yoyamba chinachitika mu 1940.

Japan Aviation

Japanese ndege ya nkhondo yachiwiri kwakukulukulu anakopera chitsanzo cha ndege, zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Germany. A ambiri womenya Jets kuthandiza asilikali pansi nkhondo. Komanso amatanthauza m'dera mpweya ukulu. Nthawi zambiri, ndege pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ankagwiritsa ntchito zouluka kuti China. Dziwani kuti panalibe zoponya mabomba njira monga gawo la ndegeyo Japanese. Pakati pa womenya waukulu akhoza kuwasiyanitsa: Nakajima Ki-27, Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa, Nakajima Ki-44 Shoki, Kawasaki Ki-45 Toryu, Kawasaki Ki-61 Hien. Japanese Air Force anagwiritsanso ntchito zoyendera zosiyanasiyana, kuphunzitsidwa reconnaissance ndege. Mu ndege, panali malo a zanyengo ndi cholinga chapadera.

Ankhondo American

Kodi zambiri tinganene pa nkhani ya mmene ndege ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse? The United States komanso sanakhazikike pambali. America pa zifukwa zomveka ndithu, anadza ndithu bwinobwino kukula kwa Navy ndi Air Force. Ambiri mwina, ndi amve ichi ndi zinathandiza kwambiri chakuti ndege US zopangidwa anali mwa mphamvu kwambiri, osati manambala komanso mbali. Ndi chiyambi cha ntchito ya usilikali mu nkhokwe US inkakhala zitsanzo monga Curtiss P-40 Warhawk. Koma patapita kanthawi makina linasintha ndi P-51 Mustang, P-47 bingu, P-38 Mphezi. Monga ntchito zitsanzo njira yoponya mabomba ndege monga B-17 ndi B-FlyingFortress 24 angamasuledi. Kuti athe kuchita njira ndi bomba la Japan, mu United States anamanga chitsanzo ndege B-29 Superfortress.

Pomaliza

Ndege mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri. Popanda ndegeyo sipanatenge pafupifupi popanda ndeu. Komabe, palibe chachilendo chakuti limati Anayesa ndi osati pa dziko komanso mu mlengalenga. Choncho, ndi maphunziro woyendetsa, ndi chilengedwe cha ndege latsopano lililonse dziko abwino ndi gawo lalikulu la udindo. Tibwereze izi ife tayesera kuti tikambirane njira mlengalenga ntchito (bwino ndipo si) nkhondo.