Anamasulidwa Belarus (1944). Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pambuyo Stalingrad ndi Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi njira ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse potsiriza kuthetsa, Red Army anayamba nkhondo dziko lawo. Relentlessly kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Pamene Belarus anali wofunika kwambiri pa njira chigonjetso.

kuyesa yozizira

Ulendo woyamba kumasula Belarus anapangidwa m'nyengo yozizira 1944. Tiponye malangizo a Vitebsk anayamba kumayambiriro February, koma korona bwino: patsogolo zinali zovuta ndi miyezi theka anatha wofufuza makilomita khumi.

Ine Byelorussian Front, unagwira ntchito Minsk ndi Bobruisk malangizo, zinthu anapita pang'ono bwino, koma kutali kwambiri. Apa kuukira anayamba ngakhale kale, mu chiyambi cha January, ndi kale 14 unatengedwa Mozyr ndi Kalinkovichi. Ndi kasupe oyambirira, asilikali a Soviet anawoloka Dnieper ndi Anazi anapambana 20-25 kukafika malo.

Choncho unhurried pasadakhale Red Army akhoza kukhala makamaka bwino, kotero pakati pa kasupe High Lamulo anaganiza kaye zolawula. asilikali anawalamula kuti apeze kufalikira malo mukukhala ndi kuyembekezera nthawi yabwino.

Mosiyana ndi malangizo Chibelarusi, kampeni zikuluzikulu wa chisanu ndi kasupe wa 1944 wopambana ndithu: ndi kumalire a kum'mwera kutsogolo anawoloka malire kumenyera zinkachitikira kunja USSR. zinthu zoipa anapita pa gawo kumpoto kwa kutsogolo: asilikali Soviet anatha kukwaniritsa linanena bungwe la Finland nkhondo. Kwa chilimwe amasulidwe Belarus anali anakonza, ndi Baltic mayiko ndi Ukraine wathunthu INNING_NUMBER.

wamtima

Mzere kutsogolo mu BSSR ndi malangizo kwa Soviet Union Arc (protrusion mphero) kutalika 1,100 Km. Mu kumpoto okha kuti Vitebsk, kum'mwera - Pinsk. Mkati Arc, otchedwa Soviet General Wogwila, "Chibelarusi ziyerekezo", anaima asilikali German - gulu la "Center", kuphatikizapo thanki lachitatu, 2, 4 ndi makamu 9.

Lamulo German anapereka udindo wawo mu Belarus zofunika kwambiri njira. Iwo anauzidwa kuti kuteteza zivute zitani, kotero kumasula Belarus si cakewalk.

Makamaka m'chaka cha 1944 a Mfumu sanaganize nkhondo anatayika, ndi kutonthozedwa ndekha ndi chiyembekezo, kukhulupirira kuti ngati onenepa kwa nthawi, Mgwirizano zidzataikilana, ndiyeno Soviet Union kugonja, wotopa ndi nkhondo yaitali.

Pambuyo pa mndandanda wa ntchito nzeru ndiponso kuganizira zimenezi, Wehrmacht anaganiza kudikira mavuto posachedwa motere ku Ukraine ndi Romania: kugwiritsa ntchito kale watenganso dera la Red Army akhoza kuthana nkhonya onongani, ndipo ngakhale ulesi Germany minda pamalo abwino ofunika a Ploiesti.

Itsogolela tiganizira zimenezi, Germany anakoka kum'mwera mphamvu zazikulu, kukangana kuti kumasulidwa kwa Belarus ndi chodziwikiratu kuti kuyamba posachedwa, ngakhale boma la magulu ankhondo kapena zikhalidwe m'dera konse analibe kuukira.

kuyesera abale akewo

USSR mosamala anakhalabe pa mdani zikhulupiriro abodza awa. Mu gawo chapakati anamanga chitetezo onyenga, 3 Chiyukireniya Front mwamphamvu ankatsanzira kayendedwe ka magulu khumi oyenda, analenga kunachititsa kuti mayunitsi oti muli nazo zida chilili Ukraine, m'malo, pamene Ndipotu iwo mwamsanga kuti anathamangira ku chigawo chapakati cha mzere wa kuukira . Imachitika ambiri achinyengo mpheto lakonzedwa monama kudziŵitsa mdani, ndipo pakali pano mu mobisa lotsatira ankakonza opareshoni "Bagration": kumasulidwa kwa Belarus sanali kutali.

Pa May 20, General Wogwila wamaliza mapulani a msonkhano. Chifukwa, Union High Lamulo amafuna kukwaniritsa zolinga izi:

• kukankhira kumbuyo mdani ku Moscow;
• kopanda pakati pa magulu Nazi makamu ndi kumana iwo tilankhule wina ndi mnzake;
• kupereka maziko kwa mafunsidwe a zotsatira wotsatira adani.

Kuti tikwanitse Chibelarusi amanyansidwa ntchito mosamala anakonza, chifukwa cha zotsatira zake ankadalira kwambiri: chigonjetso anatsegula njira ya Warsaw, choncho pa Berlin. Kulimbana anakumana lalikulu, chifukwa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga kunali koyenera kuti:

• kugonjetsa mphamvu malinga mdani dongosolo
• kuti afumye mitsinje ikuluikulu;
• maudindo njira;
• mu mzere yayifupi kumasula kwa Anazi Minsk.

Dongosolo wovomerezeka

22 ndi 23 dongosolo ankakambirana ndi nawo atsogoleri Front amene anatenga gawo mu ntchito, pa 30 Mulole izo potsiriza naye. Malinga ndi iye, anali ankaganiza:

• "Perforate" chitetezo German mu malo asanu, ntchito kuukira anadabwa ndi kunyanyala mphamvu;
• Kuononga magulu pa Vitebsk ndi Bobruisk, amene anali ngati mtundu wa "mapiko" wa lokwera Chibelarusi;
• pambuyo yopuma kupita patsogolo njira converging kutenga chilengedwe monga mphamvu zazikulu mdani.

Kukhazikitsa bwino dongosolo kwenikweni kuthetsa mphamvu Wehrmacht m'dera lino ndipo chimathandiza kumasula wathunthu wa Belarus: 1944 amayenera kutha kuzunzika anthu hlebnuvshie zinthu zoopsa za kunkhondo chathunthu.

gulu yaikulu chochitika

Mu lalikulu amanyansidwa mphamvu mtsikana Dnieper Flotilla ndi amadzibisa zinayi: 1st Baltic ndi atatu Chibelarusi.

N'zovuta Musaone udindo lingamutsatire anachita kukhazikitsa ntchito mayunitsi zigawenga: popanda iwo anayamba kayendedwe ka Belarus kumasulidwa kwa adani lopondereza mwina kutenga nthawi zambiri ndi khama. Pa otchedwa njanji nkhondo partisans anakwanitsa aphulitsa pafupifupi 150 zikwi njanji. Izi, ndithudi, kwambiri complicates moyo wa anthu achilendo, ndipo komabe ankayambira pansi pa sitima msewu, kuwonongedwa kuwoloka, madoko kulankhulana ndi kuchita zina zambiri masewera kufika. Kayendedwe olimbanawo mu Belarus anali amphamvu kwambiri Soviet Union.

Pamene Kutacha "Opaleshoni Bagration", makamaka kukhulupirira ntchito ya 1 Belorussia Front pansi Rokossovsky. M'dera la Bobruisk malangizo chilengedwe, iko sikunawoneke abwino bwino - chikutanthauza lamulo okwezeka ndi imodzi ndipo mbali inayo kunali agwirizana kwathunthu. Ndipo, ndithudi, kuukira ntchito akasinja kudzera zithaphwi kuwoloka - vuto, kuziyika izo modekha, nkomwe zotheka. Koma polimbana analimbikira a ku Germany sanayembekezere kuukira mbali iyi, chifukwa kuli m'madambo kudziŵika woipa kuposa athu. N'chifukwa chake kuponya ayenera amapereka pano.

The bwino mphamvu

Amadzibisa nawo msonkhano akhala kwambiri mphamvu. The njanji sizinayende chifukwa cha mantha koma chikumbumtima: yokonza anatengedwera ambirimbiri zida ndi anthu - zonse zoletsedwa ndi mobisa lotsatira.

Popeza Germany anaganiza kuganizira asilikali ake pa gawo kum'mwera, kutsutsa Red Army German Army Gulu "Center" ali kangapo anthu zochepa. Against mfuti 36.400 Soviet ndi mortars - 9500 ndi 5200 akasinja ndi mfuti kudziletsa injini - akasinja 900 ndi mfuti kumenya munthu, ndi mayunitsi 5300 a ndege asilikali - ndi ndege 1.350.

Chiyambi nthawi ya opaleshoni chinali chinsinsi kwambiri kulondera. Mpaka pamapeto penipeni pa Germany alibe lingaliro pang'ono za kampeni adzaimira. Inu mukhoza kulingalira chomwe phokoso linali m'mawa June 23 machitidwe "Bagration" potsiriza wayamba.

Ndinadabwa kuti Mtsogoleri

Kukwezeleza amadzibisa ndi makamu sanali yunifolomu. Mwachitsanzo, mmene mphamvu ya 1 Baltic (4 Army) sadathe adzaphwanya m'dani ndi kukana wina aukali. Pakuti tsiku la opaleshoni iye anakwanitsa kuthetsa 5 Km. Koma chimodzi alonda ndipo makamu makumi atatu mwayi anamwetulira: iwo "anavutika" chitetezo cha mdani ndi anayenda Vitebsk kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa. The Germany msanga anabwerera, kusiya 15 Km. Pakati yomweyo anasefukira akasinja a 1st Corps.

magulu 3 Belorussia Front wa makamu 39 ndipo 5 Vitebsk molambalala kum'mwera, nkomwe anaona Luchesa mtsinje napita pa tingalimbanirane. Kukatentha anatseka yekha: tsiku loyamba la opaleshoni, Germany anali mwayi ulipo umodzi basi kuthawa chilengedwe: dvadtsatikilometrovaya za "kulowera" m'lifupi, sunakhalitse, msampha anamenyetsa anatseka mu Ostrovno m'mudzimo.

Mu Orsha malangizo a asilikali Soviet poyamba kuyembekezera wolephera: chitetezo German m'dera zakhala amphamvu kwambiri, mdani amasowa zoipa ndi mwaluso kumbuyo choncho. Kuyesa kumasula ndi Orsha anapangidwa January ndipo analephera. M'nyengo yozizira, nkhondo, koma sanataye nkhondo: "Opaleshoni Bagration" sikulola kulephera.

11 TH ndi 31 TH asilikali anakhala tsiku lonse kunja, kufika mzere wachiwiri wa chitetezo German. Pakali pano, 5 Panzer Army anali akuyembekezera mapiko: zinachitikira yojambula bwino mu Orsha malangizo izo anatsegula njira kuti Minsk.

2 Belorussia Front bwino ndi bwino patsogolo pa Mogilev. Pakutha tsiku loyamba la kumenyana mu kampeni pa magombe a Dnieper anakwanitsa kugwila kufalikira wabwino.

June 24 ntchito kumasula Belarus ndi kupita 1 Belorussia Front, amene ananyamula nkhondowo yake ntchito: kusamukira ku mbali ya Bobruisk. Ndiye akuyembekezera anadabwa kuukira matupi mokwanira akadali, pa mbali iyi ya ku Germany sanayembekezere vuto. mzere awo chitetezo anamwazidwa ndi ochepa.

Mu Parichi m'dera yekha kuponya gulu anathyola 20 Km - pakati yomweyo mumafuna akasinja a alonda Choyamba Corps. The Germany anali kuthawa kwa Bobruisk. Kuwathamangitsa, ndi avant-garde anaonekera June 25 wa kunja kwa mzinda.

Pankhani ya Rogachev chigawo vuto loyamba sizinali choncho duwa: mdani analimbana koopsa, koma pamene malangizo a nkhonya ya anakanidwa kumpoto, zinthu zinafika zosangalatsa. Pa tsiku lachitatu pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito ya Soviet Germany munazindikira kuti nthawi kuthawa, koma mochedwa kwambiri kuti: akasinja Soviet anali kale kwambiri kumbuyo mdani. Pa June 27, msampha chinatsekedwa. Kunapezeka kuti malekano zoposa zisanu za mdani, lomwe masiku awiri anaziwonongeratu kupyolera.

bwino

Isanayambike anali mofulumira kwambiri. June 26, Red Army anamasula Vitebsk, 27, pambuyo aukali kumenyana Anazi utatsalirabe Orsha, 28, akasinja Soviet kale anali Borisov, amene anali wokhoza woyera kwathunthu July 1.

Near Minsk, Vitebsk ndi Bobruisk anaphedwa magulu mdani 30. masiku 12 pambuyo chiyambi cha ntchito, asilikali a Soviet patsogolo 225-280 Km, wina kugwedezeka kumatula theka la Belarus.

Chotero chitukuko cha zochitika Wehrmacht sanali okonzeka, ndi lamulo mwachindunji gulu "Center" khamu mochuluka ndi mwadongosolo kolakwika. nthawi ndalama anayenda kwa maola, ndi zina - mu mphindi. Poyamba, kunali kotheka kupewa lazungulira, pakupita kumbuyo mu nthawi mtsinjewo. Berezina ndi kulenga pano malire atsopano a chitetezo. N'zokayikitsa kuti mu nkhani iyi kumasulidwa kwa Belarus zikanadzachitika mu miyezi iwiri. Koma Field polimbana W. Chitsamba Choyaka atalamula pa nthawi. Kaya chikhulupiriro chake mwa salakwa kuwerengetsera asilikali, Hitler unali wamphamvu kwambiri, kuti panali saganizira mphamvu ya mdani, koma ndi aliuma talamulidwa a Hitler "kuteteza Chibelarusi protrusion pa mtengo uliwonse" ndi kuwononga asilikali ake. asilikali 40 zikwi, ndi akapitao, komanso 11 German asilikali amene wotanganidwa apamwamba, unatengedwa mkaidi. Chotsatira, moona, manyazi.

Wodabwa ndi kupambana a mdaniyo, Germany anayamba feverishly akonze zinthu: Chitsamba Choyaka anathamangitsidwa mu Belarus anayamba kukokera kugwirizana zina. Powona atengera, lamulo Soviet chofunika fulumirani ndi kutenga Minsk palibe pasanafike July 8. Ndondomeko anali kuposa 3 likulu la Republic wamasulidwa, ndi gulu lalikulu la Germany (asilikali 105 zikwi, ndi akapitao) kum'mawa kwa mzinda - atazingidwa. Dziko lomaliza limene ambiri a iwo aona mu moyo wanga, anakhala Belarus. 1944 anasonkhana wamagazi zokolola zawo :. anthu 70 zikwi anaphedwa ndi 35 zikwi anali kudutsa mumsewu wa ankakuwa mwa likulu Soviet .. mdani kutsogolo gaped rents anapanga yaikulu 400 kilometre kusiyana anali kanthu liquidate. The Germany anathawa.

ntchito awiri siteji

"Opaleshoni Bagration" inkakhala magawo awiri. Anayamba pa 23 June. Panthawi imeneyi, kunali koyenera kuti kubooleza kutsogolo mdani njira, flanking mphamvu kuwononga lokwera Chibelarusi. amadzibisa kunyanyala pang'onopang'ono converging, muziganizira kwambiri imodzi pa mapu. Pambuyo bwino vuto zasintha: kunali koyenera mwachangu kuonetsetsa adaniwo ndi kuswa mizere magetsi. July 4 General Wogwila USSR anasintha dongosolo pachiyambi, motero kumaliza gawo loyamba la msonkhano.

M'malo mwa njira converging diverging nazo: 1 Baltic Front anasamukira kwa Shaul, 3 Belarus kuti amasule Vilnius ndi Lido, 2 Belorusski nazo Navahradak, Grodno ndi Belostok. Rokossovsky anapita ku mbali ya Baranovichi ndi Brest, ndipo anamaliza otsiriza, ndinafika kwa Lublin.

Gawo lachiwiri la machitidwe "Bagration" anayamba pa 5 July. asilikali Soviet anapitiriza pasadakhale mofulumira. Mwa mwezi wa m'chilimwe vanguards amadzibisa anayamba kukakamiza Neman. bridgeheads Major anali anagwira ndipo pa Vistula Mtsinje. Narev. July 16 Red Army wotanganidwa Grodno ndi 28 - Brest.

August 29 ntchito inatha. masitepe Upcoming latsopano chigonjetso.

Kufunika njira ya

Mu ukulu "Bagration" Ndi mmodzi wa yokopa waukulu njira zolawula. Total anamasulidwa Belarus unachitikira kwa masiku 68. 1944 zoona, kuthetsa ntchito ya dziko. Anali pang'ono watenganso dera la Baltic States, asilikali a Soviet anawoloka malire a nakhala mbali ya Poland.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa gulu wamphamvu wa makamu "Center" anali lalikulu la asilikali ndi njira kupambana. Iwo anali inawonongedwa 3 brigades ndi 17 magulu mdani. 50 magulu anataya oposa theka la anthu ake. asilikali Soviet anafika East Prussia - overarching German kumudzi.

Linapangitsa kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino ntchito tiponye malangizo ena, komanso kutsegula kwa kutsogolo chachiwiri.

Pa ntchito German anakwana zomvetsa anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni (kuphedwa, atavulazidwa ndi akaidi). USSR Nayenso anazunzidwa zomvetsa lalikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa 765 zina 815. anthu (178,507 anaphedwa, 587.308 anavulazidwa). asilikali Soviet anasonyeza zozizwitsa za ungwazi kuti pakhale kumasula Belarus. Chaka ntchito Komabe, monga nthawi yonse ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World inali nthawi woona kupambana dziko. Mabwalo ali ndi kuchuluka kwa achikumbutso ndi zipilala. Pa kilometre 21 khwalala Moscow anamanga Chimulu cha Dothi Ulemerero. Chipilala amaveka korona chitunda akuimira mpeni anayi kufanizira anayi kutsogolo amene anachita kampeni.

Mtengo wa chipulumutso m'deralo kunali kwakukulu, kuti boma Soviet ankati kukhazikitsa Mendulo yomasulira Belarus, koma ndiye sichinachitike. Ena zina zachidule mphoto zasungidwa mu Minsk Museum wa Great kukonda dziko lako mbiri nkhondo.