Mbali ya ubongo. Medulla oblongata. Kapangidwe, ntchito zotsatira za kugonjetsedwa

Makungwa ubongo anatomically ankaimira mbale imvi nkhani kumalumikiza gawo lakunja la hemispheres ubongo. khola lake dongosolo chifukwa kuchuluka kwa convolutions ankasiyana mizere. Motero ambiri a kutumphuka ili mu kuya mzere, ndi gawo ang'onoang'ono - padziko awo. Mu kusiyana Chigawo otukukira kunja (kunja) ndi pamwamba lamkati, ndipo maziko. Padziko kunja kwa Lobe parietal ndi wosiyana mazunzo ndi ntchito zamphamvu "rolandovoy" mzere. Pansipa ndi "Sylvius" poyambira, amene Lobe kanthawi ndi wosiyana ndi mazunzo ndi parietal. Parietal-occipital sulcus alekanitsa Lobe occipital.

Tosaoneka kotekisi dongosolo zikuphatikizapo angapo zigawo ma ndi fibrous, ndipo zikukhudzana ndi zisanu ndi wosanjikiza mtundu dongosolo.

Pamene anatsimikiza zigawo izi:

- granular kunja;

- granular mkati;

- maselo;

- polymorphic maselo;

- lalikulu maselo pyramidal;

- sing'anga ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono pyramidal.

Kapangidwe ndi medulla ntchito, zotsatira za kwe

m'litali ndi pafupi twente-eyiti millimeters, m'lifupi pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka, kufika millimeters twente-foro. Medulla akupitiriza cranial M'mimbamo msana kudzera m'njira chapakati msana. Iwo anati pamaso pa chinthu masango osiyana nkhani imvi, zomwe ndi maziko cranial misempha. Mu mapangidwe woyera nkhani nawo CHIKWANGWANI njira. Medulla oblongata muli phata, kumene mizu zili zofunika cranial mitsempha (vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, kutambasuka). Komanso, mtima kumatanthauza njira reflex monga kutafuna, kumeza woyamwa, sneezing, kusanza ndi kulekana kwa madzi m'mimba. Mapangidwe mtima anthu zidzachitika akupangika m'chiberekero. Oblong ubongo akhanda (ndi mlatho), akulemera pafupi eyiti magalamu. Kusasitsa kumatenga pafupifupi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Ndi kudutsa njira medulla oblongata anagwirizira centripetal ndi centrifugal zikhumbo. Njira ina yofunika kwambiri imatengedwa njira pyramidal. Izo zikugwirizana madera galimoto mu kotekisi oziziritsa ndi maselo galimoto ya zapambuyo nyanga ya chingwe msana. Pa malire a chingwe msana ndi madipatimenti ndi medulla anati asawolokere thirakiti pyramidal. Nchifukwa chake kusokonezeka zinchito zina za ubongo pamene iwo kuonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, zotupa mu mtengo pyramidal pamwamba chiasm amachititsa hemiplegia mbali ina ya thupi chipinda. Pa nthawi yomweyo kugonjetsedwa kwa cranial misempha chisokonezo zinchito zimachitika pa mbali womwewo wa thupi.

"Cerebellopontine ngodya" amachita ntchito polumikiza. Ili mu zapambuyo fossa a Chigaza, ndi pamphambano ya mlatho, cerebellum ndi medulla oblongata. Mu chochitika cha zotupa mderali mwamtundu Ndime yotsatira m'madi- izi.

Mu medulla oblongata zili malo ofunika kwambiri moyo thandizo, amene amamangirira zofunika kwambiri kuti dipatimenti izi chapakati mantha dongosolo. Pano pali mtima ndi kupuma malo. N'chifukwa chake kuwonongeka (ngakhale zazing'ono), makamaka kuchotsa medulla oblongata limadzetsa imfa chifukwa kumangidwa kupuma ndi kuchotsa ntchito dongosolo mtima.

Kuwonongeka kwa mundawo pyramidal kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo osiyana. Izi zidalira pa kukula zoipa ndi nthawi kuti zapita kuyambira maziko ake. Nthawi zambiri, zotupa izi chifukwa chaukali ziwalo munthu mlungu umodzi kapena iwiri.