Chiweruzo pa Nuremberg Patapita zaka 70. Court mayiko a Justice pa atsogoleri a Nazism

Chiweruzo pa Nuremberg zaka 70 kuchokera pamene anamalizidwa akhala bwino kuti losaiwalika chizindikiro cha chilungamo zigawenga Nazi. Iyo inali yoyamba ya mtundu umenewu mu njira, amene anali kuganizira za m'dera lonse mu zaka zoyambirira za mtendere atagwa Ulamuliro wa Nazi.

ndondomeko gulu

Za mlandu wa atsogoleri a Nazi Germany anayamba kulankhula kale chigonjetso pa nkhondo. The yoyamba kukomana boma cha anagwirizana Atumiki okhonda pa nkhani zimenezi zinachitika mu 1943. Pa nthawi ya Conference Yalta, Stalin, Churchill ndi Roosevelt mwiniyo anamuukitsa nkhaniyi zaminga.

Aliyense wa atsogoleri a mtundu njira zawo aona mlandu wa utsogoleri wa ulamuliro wa Hitler. Nduna British ngakhale adafotokoza kuti Hitler anawomberedwa pafupi pomwepo atamangidwa ndi. Stalin ndi Roosevelt anatsutsa izo. mwanjira ina, koma mgwirizano boma la mlanduwo anali akwaniritsa pambuyo chigonjetso pa Conference wa London m'chilimwe cha 1945. Makamaka chinali chitalembedwa ndi mndandanda wa akuluakulu zigawenga Nazi nkhondo, kumene anthu 24 anali nawo. Zinali usilikali, andale ndi ideologues ya ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Inde, mu malo oyamba ndaweruza Hitler, koma atadzipha ku bunker ake Berlin asadachimwe. Ndi iye anatenga moyo wake wamkulu Nazi zokopa Yozef Gebbels. Iwo ndi atsogoleri ena a boma adawopa kumangidwa, kenako zikatsatira Nuremberg mayesero. Patapita zaka 70, obadwa tinganene motsimikiza kuti palibe perpetrators waukulu kuti sadzapulumuka chilango.

Yambani misonkhano

November 20, 1945 anatsegula pa Nuremberg mayesero. Mwachidule, iye akhadikhira dziko lonse. Pa chaka chamawa, atolankhani a manyuzipepala onse otchuka ndi mabuku wina ndi dziko anali kuyesa kuchotsa zatsopano za pofufuza.

Chiyambi cha mayesero Nuremberg anapita mbali American. Madzulo a mwakayakaya industrialist Gustav Krupp, amene anapereka thandizo yokulirapo ndalama kwa Nazi. America ankaopa kuti adzafa, popanda kudikira chiweruzo chawo.

A okwana misonkhano 403. The Khoti, malinga ndi mgwirizano wa London, zinapangidwa ndi oimira anayi mphamvu wogonjetsa (USSR, USA, UK ndi France). Aliyense dziko analipo pa mlandu woweruza, wozenga akulu ndi zosiyanasiyana akatswiri mu lamulo. Mwachitsanzo, Soviet Union ankaimira zofuna za Chiyukireniya Loya Roma Rudenko, Justice msilikali Alexander Volkov. Komanso Nuremberg icho chinali chimodzi cha oimira apamwamba a Soviet Union, Khoti Lalikulu la Yona Nikitchenko.

Mkangano ogwirizana ndi

gulu mopupuluma anali limodzi ndi mantha ambiri anakumanapo ndi anthu onse. Iwo anali wolumikizana ndi kuwonongeka achilengedwe a asapita wa maiko wopambana. Chidani anali koma atayamba, koma dziko mofulumira kulingalira ake. State anagawa Europe mu mitundu ya chikoka. Kodi zotsutsana zofuna za atsogoleri andale komanso wa malingaliro.

Odziwika anakhala kulankhula Fulton Churchill anapulumutsa March 5, 1946, pamene panali mayesero Nuremberg. Patapita zaka 70, mbiri yakale amavomereza kuti mawu amenewa kunachititsa kutsutsa kachitidwe demokalase ndi chikominisi mu theka lachiwiri la XX atumwi. Churchill mlandu utsogoleri Soviet mu chiwonongeko ufulu wa anthu mu dziko, kutsitsa "chitsulo nsaru" pa States, panafika ndi Red Army.

Iwo anachititsa bombshell. Anakhudzidwa ndi izo ndi pa mayesero Nuremberg. Mwachidule, mu Khoti anayamba kuoneka zotsutsana kwambiri. Komanso, zigawenga Nazi anaganiza kuti ndi mwayi womaliza kupewa chilango. Mu nkhani ya nkhondo pakati pa United States ndi Soviet Union ndondomeko wonse unagwa. Oimbidwa akhala bolder mu ulaliki, ndi maloya awo komanso anasintha apamwamba.

chitetezo ndi mfiti

Achilamulo German kumanga motetezera mlandu mfundo zingapo. Choyamba, anatsutsa gulu la ndondomeko ndi chakuti chipani wosakondwela (ogwirizana) osati bwalo palokha, monga mwachizolowezi mu yamtendere.

Chachiwiri, maloya anakana kuzindikira zoti chinenero ziganizo. Mwachitsanzo, silinali linalipo maganizo "kukonza vuto nkhondo" ndi "chotsutsana mtendere".

ziganizo imfa

Komabe, miyezi yambiri ntchito wa kuweruza wabereka zipatso. Atayesedwa zikwi zikalata, ntchito yambiri pa kusonkhanitsa umboni wa milandu. Malinga ndi bwalo anthu 12 anaweruzidwira ku imfa. Mmodzi wa iwo - Martin Bormann - anaphedwa pamene kuthawa Berlin mu masiku otsiriza a nkhondo. Koma pa nthawi ya msonkhano wa kuweruza wa thupi lake sanapeze, ndipo ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti anakwanitsa kuthawa. Choncho iye kuti aphedwe mu absentia.

chilango chachikulu akhadikhira ndi Germana Geringa - pulezidenti wa Reichstag ndi mtumiki Ulamuliro wa Nazi la ndege. Iye anali mmodzi mwa wowopsa kanjedza Nazi, ankakhala ku khoti.

Chiyambi cha mlandu Nuremberg unali wotchuka ndi chikumbutso cha ndondomeko chinsinsi cha Molotov-Ribbentrop pangano, amene anachitira ndi kugawa kwa Poland ndi anagwirizana mgwirizano pakati pa Germany ndi USSR mu 1939-1940. Mbali ya Soviet zinali oterera kwambiri nkhani, zomwe zipani anayesa kukambirana isanayambe ndondomekoyi. mwanjira ina, koma Ribbentrop analandira chilango cha imfa. pangano, yolembedwa ndi iye ndi Molotov, linasindikizidwa ku Soviet Union yekha mu zaka za perestroika.

Zotsatira za ndondomeko

anthu angapo (kuphatikizapo Rudolf Hess) alandira ziganizo moyo m'ndende. Iwo anali pakati pa mlandu ndi kulungamitsidwa, mwachitsanzo, wailesi khamu ndi kulimbikitsa Gans Friche.

The Nazi Party, Sd, SS, Gestapo ndi ziwalo zina Chilango mu zaka za ulamuliro wa Hitler anayesedwa mabungwe chigawenga. Kuyambira mfundo malamulo a view, iyo inali nkhani yolembedwa zofunika. Iye analola kukuza kampeni zina za denazification la Germany ndi m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, kumene zidole ankhanza kumeneko. Zotsatira anatsogolera Nuremberg Mayesero. mayesero itatha October 1, 1946.

makhoti zina

Kungakhale kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti mbiri ya mayesero Nuremberg unatha kuthetsedwa kwa waukulu Khoti. Iye anali woonekeratu kanthu. Iye anaweruza zigawenga yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa Hitler. Komabe, ndende anagwirizana anthu ambiri pa sikelo aang'ono, nawonso mu ulamuliro wa Nazi ndi nkhanza zina za boma la Hitler.

Choncho, mu 1946-1949 biennium. mofanana Nuremberg anadutsa njira khumi. Iwo anakhala Mlengi wa utsogoleri American, umene unali ndi mlandu kukhoti. Milandu kuwunikira madokotala nawo zinachitikira anthu zozunzirako, apolisi SS, akazembe ndi zina zotero. d. oweruza werengani ambiri ziganizo imfa. Izi kuchuluka yaikulu ntchito sizikanakhala pamodzi mayesero Nuremberg. Zaka zofufuza, kusonkhanitsa umboni, kufunsira mboni - zonsezi zinatha nthawi yayitali.

Tsoka la oipa kuthawa

Ena zigawenga Nazi m'masiku otsiriza a nkhondo bwinobwino anathawira kunja kwa dzikoli. Iwo makamaka anakakhala Latin America, kumene iwo amatha kupeza zikalata latsopano ndi mayina abodza. Ena mwa obisalira izi sanapezepo.

Koma pakhala ayi. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa bungwe la za kupha Sitefano unyinji wa Ayuda Adolf Eyhman pamaso 1960 ankakhala bwinobwino ku Buenos Aires. Iwo anatulukira, anagwira napita alonda Israel Mossad. Yesero la Eichmann zaka ziwiri. Iye massively ataphimbidwa ndi atolankhani ndi zambiri ngati mayesero Nuremberg. Patapita zaka 70, chilango atsogoleri Nazi anali atafa kale ukalamba, koma milandu awo ndi anthu anagwirizana limaletsa lonse mabungwe.