Alexander Sumarokov: MBIRI "tate wa zisudzo Russian"

Dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, amene yonena ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe mitundu ya atumwi XVIII, akuti ndi "tate wa zisudzo Russian." Iye anatumikira monga Wolemba wina ndi librettist. anathandiza mu mabuku Russian, kwezani chifukwa cha ntchito zake ndakatulo pa msinkhu atsopano pa nthawi. dzina lake watsikira m'mbiri ya Russia.

Olandira wamng'ono dzina wakale mfulu

November 25, 1717 mu Moscow mu banja la chizindikiro Peter Sumarokova mwana wotchedwa Alexander. Monga ana ambiri a mabanja wamkulu mfulu, ndicho, mmodzi wa iwo anali a mtundu Sumarokov, maphunziro awo koyamba ndi maphunziro a mnyamatayo anali kunyumba motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi ndi anamkungwi ntchito ndi makolo ake.

Masiku amenewo, ambiri otchuka wamng'ono kupereka mmalo ntchito ya usilikali. Ndinali nazonso ndi Alexander Sumarokov. Wambiri ya moyo wake palokha limayamba ndi kuyambira zaka khumi ndi zisanu analowa Land olemekezeka Corps, anatsegula mu St. Petersburg mkulu wa Mfumukazi Anny Ioannovny. Mwa mpanda wake umakhala zaka eyiti, ndipo apa kwa nthawi yoyamba anayamba kuphunzira mabuku.

Cadet Corps ndi ntchito adziwitse

Nthawi ya kafukufuku mu Cadet Corps wokhala wolemba analemba ndakatulo ndi lyrics, amatsatira ntchito za olemba French ndi compatriot lake Vladimir Trediakovsky. Zimene wake woyamba ndakatulo ndi transcriptions ndakatulo ya Masalmo. Komanso, akuchita malamulo a comrades awo - analemba m'malo mwa ode congratulatory analamulira zaka zimenezo Mfumukazi Anne Ioannovne, amene anali kwambiri mu mafashoni.

Mu 1740, mwa ophunzirawo wamng'ono Corps wa alonda anali Alexander Sumarokov. Wambiri limanena kuti moyo wake unali pa zaka zimenezo ziri bwino kuposa kale. Pa zaka makumi atatu, iye anasankha mu ofesi ya Chiwerengero Munnich, posakhalitsa amakhala woyamba mlembi payekha Werengerani Golovin, ndiye wamphamvuyonse Alekseya Razumovskogo. Koma ngakhale atsegula ntchito, iye akapatulira mabuku. fano lake mu zaka - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, wotchuka ode amene anakhala chitsanzo kwa Sumarokova mogwirizana ndi chokhudza kufunafuna njira kulenga.

Choyamba choyenera kutchuka

Komabe, palibe wojambula oona ndi kukhuta chabe potsanzira kuti analengedwa ndi munthu wina, nthawi zonse kalembedwe ischot mwini. Izi ndi zimene Sumarokov. Wambiri ya moyo analenga kwenikweni amayamba pamene, mu salons wa apamwamba wophunzira wa St. Petersburg kuwonekera zosiyanasiyana mndandanda wa chikondi chake nyimbo. polemba chinenero ichi anasankhidwa ndi wolemba si mwangozi. Ndipo Iye analola boma ambiri lotseguka maganizo a Alexander - wanzeru wamng'ono Ofisala, zonse zinakuchitikirani chikondi chimakhala ndi msinkhu wake.

Koma mbiri chenicheni anam'bweretsera umene unachitika pa bwalo mu 1747 kuti akhale ndakatulo sewero "Horev". Pa nthawi yomweyo inasindikizidwa ndipo linayamba kupezeka ndi anthu wamba, amene dzina lake m'dziko lonse. Pambuyo pake, komanso pa bwalo, anachita zidutswa zingapo, woyambitsa amene anali Sumarokov. Wambiri ya ntchito lake likuchokera nthawi imeneyi mlingo watsopano - kumakhaladi katswiri wolemba.

Olemera kulenga moyo Sumarokova

Mu 1752 chochitika chidwi chinachitika. Mfumukazi Elizaveta Petrovna zinasaina lamulo anabweretsa kuchokera Yaroslavl kwambiri ed chithunzi cha zaka F. G. Volkova ndipo anapempha Iye kuti bungwe Russia yoyamba zisudzo okhazikika, amene wotsogolera anaikidwa Sumarokov.

Mwachidule yonena za iye yekha mu mawu ambiri akhoza kupereka lingaliro la amathandiza kwambiri kuti wapanga munthu uyu mu mapangidwe siteji Russian wa moyo, koma kukumbukira mibadwomibadwo, Yehova waliteteza monga "tate wa zisudzo Russian", ndipo izi zimagwirizana, ndi kulankhula bwino kuposa mawu alionse.

cholowa yake yolenga ya modabwitsa lonse. Wokwanira kukumbukira mavuto eyiti amene anachokera cholembera chake, comedies makumi atatu ndi zitatu za zisudzo libretti. Komanso, Sumarokov anasiya chizindikiro kwambiri zina m'mabuku. ntchito zake amasindikizidwa pa masamba a magazini maphunziro "malembo Monthly," ndipo mu 1759. Iye anayamba kufalitsa magazini yake "Ovuta ntchito njuchi." Mu zaka wotsatira wa makina kunja zopereka zambiri za ndakatulo zake ndi nthano.

Mapeto a moyo ndakatulo ndi chikumbukiro mbadwa

Zisudzo Guide Sumarokov umachitikira pamaso 1761. Kenako anakhala kwa kanthawi likulu, kenako mu 1769 anasamukira ku Moscow. Apa iye ali koopsa ndi mkulu wa P. Saltykov, mbali yomwe amalandira Mfumukazi. Izi zimapangitsa wolemba ndakatulo maganizo zoopsa ndi kumatanthauza mavuto aakulu kwambiri a zachuma. Koma ngakhale munthawi zovuta, mu makumi asanu ndi awiri, iye, malinga ndi ofufuza analemba ntchito zake zabwino, monga "wotchedwa Dmitry ndi wonamizira", "Vzdorschitsa" ndi ena ambiri. Iye anafa pa October 12, 1777 ndipo anamuika ku Donskoy manda ku Moscow.

Ana anazindikira kwambiri nyota za munthu uyu kwa Lathu. Pa wotchuka chipilala "Millennium la Russia" anthu otchuka kanjedza mbiri ya boma ndipo ukufanizidwa ndi Alexander Sumarokov (chithunzi cha wowerenga chinthu kuwona pa tsamba). M'mabuku ake anakula mibadwo ya ndakatulo amene anali ulemerero ndi kunyada chikhalidwe chathu ndi ntchito zake ed akhala buku kwa playwrights m'tsogolo.