Prince Yury wa Moscow: yonena, mbiri, ulamuliro ndi mfundo

Yury wa Moscow (1281-1325) anali mwana wamkulu wa Prince Daniel wa Moscow Alexandrovich ndi mdzukulu lalikulu la Aleksandra Nevskogo. Poyamba akulamulira mu Pereslavl, ndiyeno Moscow, ndi 1303 Mu ulamuliro wake anali akumenya mosalekeza ndi Tver kwa kugwirizana kwa Russia lamulo lake.

Yolimbirana ulamuliro

Pamene mutu wa Grand Prince Vladimir anapereka mwiniwake mphamvu pafupifupi malire m'gawo la mayiko Russian kumpoto kum'mawa. galimoto yake ankaona wolamulira lalikulu ndipo anali ndi ufulu kutaya pa nzeru zake, magulu ankhondo onse kupezeka pa atumiki ake, ndipo ingawaweruze ndi kusonkhanitsa msonkho phunziro dziko kwa iye. Komanso panali mwayi wina: ngakhale imfa ya ulamuliro waukulu, iwo anapitiriza bwinobwino mwini m'mayiko makolo.

Khans nawonso, ndi zofuna zawo pano. Ndikukamba chizindikiro pa Vladimir ukulu, iwo anapempha kuti ofunsira utumiki wake N'ZOSACHITA kufunsa kuti zofuna za Golden gulu. N'chifukwa chake olamulira wapamwamba wa maiko Russian si nthawi zonse kukhala akalonga amphamvu kwambiri, ngati khans anayesetsa kuti akhale pa malo awa chabe ndi kumvera wolamulira wawo. Koma ngakhale manja a okhulupirika kwambiri kwa gulu Simungachite Grand Duke silinakhalitse. Khans pankhaniyi anali ndondomeko chimene nthawizonse kwachititsa internecine kulimbana oimira angapo a nthambi zosiyanasiyana za Rurik. Mu 1304 mu amatsutsidwa analowa ndi mkulu Yuriy Danilovich Moskovsky.

A siteji latsopano la nkhondo yapachiweniweni

The odana waukulu wa Moscow anayamba Tver mu umunthu wa Prince Mihaila Yaroslavicha, amene udzayesedwa msuweni amalume abale onse Danilovich. ukulu wake pa nthawi ankaona amphamvu kwambiri, ndi umboni ali patsogolo zambiri anapanga nawo unapangitsa internecine kulimbana. Mwa njira, Moscow nthawi, komanso ena Russian kumpoto kum'mawa minda, iye anapereka njira kulikonse.

A wozungulira watsopano internecine ndewu inayamba mu 1304, pambuyo pa imfa ya Grand Prince Andrei Alexandrovich. Ngati m'bale wake, Prince Daniel wa Moscow, anamwalira iye asanatero, malo awa sizikanam'tengera mwana wamkulu Yuri. Koma imeneyi iye anali mdzukulu wa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Mikhail Yaroslavich Tverskoy, amene anakhala munthu woyamba wa olamulira wakale, analandira chizindikiro kuchokera Khan. Kuti kalonga uyu anapita ku gulu ndi chiyembekezo kutenga udindo, ndi kuti, ndi Pereslavl.

Anakonza Khan Chiuzibeki

Pachifukwa chomwechi kumbuyo Mikhail wa Tver ndipo kenako Grand Duke. Koma, mwa njira, wachiwiri iwo mwayi pafupifupi sanali. Mfundo yakuti Daniil Moskovsky analibe chizindikiro pa ulamuliro chachikulu, chotero ana ake sanathe amati ngati mutu mkulu. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, izi momveka bwino mu pomwepo patrimonial. Koma, ngakhale, Mihail Tverskoy Chenjerani mpikisano ku Duke wamng'ono wa Moscow, tenepa atuma amuna kuti amugwire Suzdal.

Monga kwalembedwa m'buku la mbiri yakale, chinali chifukwa chakuti mu 1305 Mihail Yaroslavich akadali nacho chizindikiro Khan pa ulamuliro waukulu wa Vladimir. Choncho, kusankha chiguluchi Golden unagwa pa wamkulu wa banja, koma sanalandire konse ndi udindo poyerekezera Pereslavl. njakata Izi zapangitsa kuti mliri wina udani pakati Mikhail wa Tver ndi Moscow Yuri.

The chizindikiro pa ulamuliro waukulu

Mu 1315 gulu Khan poyankha madandaulo ambiri Mihaila Tverskogo, anaitanitsa Prince wa Moscow. Yury wa Moscow anali kumeneko zaka pafupifupi ziwiri ndi nthawi kuti adakwanitsa kupambana kukhulupirira ndi mtima wa Chiuzibeki kuti 1317 kazembe anaganiza zopatsa kuti akwatire mlongo wake Konchak pa kalembedwe Orthodox anayamba kuitana Agafia. Mphatso ukwati anali chizindikiro kwa achinyamata, amene iye anapereka kwa Prince Yuri. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Mihail Yaroslavich anataya mutu wake wa Grand Duke Vladimir.

M'chaka chomwecho cha Sarai Berke Yury wa Moscow ndi mkazi wake ndi Tartar asilikali molamulidwa ndi Kavgadaya iye anapita mmbuyo. Tikayang'ana zimene zinachitika, mphamvu waukulu kwambiri anapatsidwa kalonga kumene zopangidwa Vladimir. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Mihailu Tverskomu sanafune polekanitsa ndi mphamvu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo akhagopa mavuto alionse mu kugona ndi gulu. Choncho, mukamaliza zokambirana mwachidule, kalonga wakale Vladimir anakakamizika kupereka dzina ndi kubwerera ku mayiko makolo awo.

Nkhondo ndi Tver

Ulamuliro wa Yuri Danilovich anayamba ndi chakuti, ngakhale kuti zokambirana zonse Michael, iye anapita lina la Tver nkhondo. Mu 1318, anasonkhanitsa gulu lake lonse lankhondo ndi thandizo la chiguluchi Kavgadaya anafika pafupi ndi zipata za mzinda. Iwo anali ankaganiza kuti lina la Tver kukumana ndi munthawi yomweyo kuukira kwa mbali ziwiri: kuchokera kum'mwera chakum'mawa adzakhululukidwa anaukira ndi Yuri Danilovich, analamula Suzdal ndi Moscow Ratiu, ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kuponya Novgorod. Koma dongosolo anali konse ikuchitika. chakuti anthu a Novgorod sanabwere mu nthawi, ndipo kenako onse mtendere ndi Michael, anatembenuka ndi asilikali ake kumbuyo. Kuwona zinthu izi, Kavgaday Suzdal ndipo ankafuna kuti andipeze ndi kubwerera.

Zinthu zimenezi Yury Danilovich ndi inanyamuka gulu anatsogolera chakuti mkulu wa Moscow kumanzere chimodzi pa ndi lina la Tver Ratiu. M'mbiri ya chochitika ichi anati kuti ngati panali "kuwapha kwakukuru". Monga kuchitika, Yuri walephera nkhondo imeneyi, ndi zotsala za asilikali ake anathawa ndi Mihail Yaroslavich analanda ankhondo ambiri, komanso mkazi wake Agafia (Konchak), umene posachedwapa anamwalira mu ukapolo. mfundo zolondola pa zimayambitsa imfa yake kumeneko. Pambuyo pake, malinga ndi mawu a pangano mtendere, mtendere kalonga kupita ku chiguluchi.

Akuphedwa Mihaila Tverskogo

Kuyambira pachiyambi zinaonekeratu kuti mwankhanza Khan Prince sadzakhululukira. Mihail Yaroslavich anayesa kuwayanjanitsa ndi mdani wake nthawi yaitali ndi kupeza malo chiguluchi. Nawatuma kwa Moscow, kazembe Oleksa Marković mkulu wa Yuri Danilovich anaphedwa, kenako kalonga ndi Kavgadaem anathamangira Khan. Atangofika, kuti adamnenera Michael mlandu woukira boma, obisika a msonkho ndi imfa ya Mfumukazi Agafya. khoti Khan a anamupeza iye wolakwa ndipo kuti aphedwe. November 22, 1318 iye anabweretsedwa mu kwenikweni.

Sungani chikalata - "Tver nkhani" lolembedwa ndi bambo wauzimu wa Prince Michael. Izo zimakhala abbot Alexander adzaitana Moscow Yuri chida mu manja a Khan. Iye ananena kuti mkulu anachitadi pa bwalo monga wapolisi wina Mikhail Yaroslavich. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti anthu akufa nthawi zonse ulemu monga ngwazi, iye anali mu 1549 chisankho wachiwiri wa Moscow Cathedral anali canonized.

azilimbana latsopano

Pambuyo popereka mkulu wa Tver ulamuliro wa Yuri Danilovich anali ndi chete kwa zaka ziwiri. Mu 1321, zinadziwika kuti mavuto lalikulu n'zosapeŵeka. chakuti mu kumvera wake anayamba kusiya ana a Michael, akulu amene, Dmitriy Tverskoy, anayamba momasuka zonena zawo udindo wapamwamba. Mikanganoyi pakati akalonga awiri zinachititsa kuti chakuti Chitata anapitanso kukachita nkhondo ndi Russia. Komanso, kunali koyenera kusonkhanitsa msonkho kwa khan. Against lino, Rostov ananyamuka kugalukira pano, kotero Yuri Danilovich anali kugwiritsa ntchito gulu lankhondo.

M'kupita msonkho koma asonkhanitsidwa, koma pazifukwa zina, kalonga Sichinali wadutsa mu manja a Kavgadaya. M'malo mwake, iye ndi zinthu zonse m'nyengo yozizira 1321 anapita ku Novgorod kwa mng'ono wake. M'mbiri ya sitingazilongole chifukwa mwachita kalonga. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amaganiza kuti zimenezi zinachitika mozindikira, ndi gawo la ndalama anasonkhana anathera pa nkhondo asilikali a Sweden. Gawo limeneli chiguluchi ankaona kuwamana msonkho upandu kwambiri. Analenga malo, nthawi yomweyo Dmitriy Mihaylovich Tverskoy, dzina maso akuopsa, ndipo mu chaka cha 1322 ndi Chiuzibeki anampatsa chizindikiro, ndipo potero kuwamana boma la wakale wa apongozi.

Ndipo kalonga Moskovskiy Yuriy Danilovich kachiwiri

Mwachidule, longosolani moyo wake wa m'tsogolo akhoza kukhala ngati izi: nthawi yoyamba iye anathawa, monga mphamvu mtheradi tsopano anali adani ake zikachitika - ana a Mihaila Yaroslavicha Tverskogo. Poyamba iye anali atabisala Pskov, Novgorod kenako, kumene ankakhala ndi 1322 kuti 1324.

Yury mfundo yachilendo Moscow amene poyera kuti onse kuti sanazindikire ulamuliro wa Dmitriya Tverskogo, ali nawo mbali pa zochitika zonse padziko lonse ndipo mpaka pano unali mwayi wapadera wa Grand Duke. Komanso, iye ndiye anamenyana ndi asilikali a Sweden, n'kuzitentha otchedwa Orekhovets Pangano, amene anakhazikitsa malire pakati Sweden ndi Novgorod. Komanso ndi dongosolo lake pa malo Neva Mtsinje mwa Nyanja Ladoga Linga Oreshek anali kumangidwa, amene anakhala malo ofunika kumbuyo chinthu ndi kangapo anapulumutsa dziko Russian chiwopsezo matendawa anagonjetsedwa ake zakunja zaka kudza.

Ambiri, Yuri Danilovich anali okonda mtendere mfundo yachilendo, pamene iye anayesera kuti moyo m'dziko monga asilikali a Sweden, ndi Golden gulu. Komabe, vuto la kusowa, adzachitira ndi bwino kumenya nkhondo. Chitsanzo cha ichi atha kutumikira ngati nkhondo yake pa Ustyug. Apa iye kumbuyo zofuna za anthu a Novgorod amene ankadwala forays ambiri ustyuzhan.

Kupha Sitefano Yuri Danilovich

Dmitriy Tverskoy, atamva kuti ulendo pa Ustyug Prince anapita ku gulu la, mofulumira pambuyo pake. Iye anali wotsimikiza kuti Yuri Danilovich okleveschet monga mmene bambo anga. Onse akalonga nayo nthawi ndithu yaitali kukhala mu gulu, kudikira chigamulo cha Khan. Posakhalitsa anasonkhana pamodzi ndi mchimwene Dmitriya Tverskogo, Alexander. Amaganiza kuti iye adawatenga ngongole Saransk wobwereketsayo kuti utenge ngongole watsopano.

Mu 1325, ndicho, November 22, zinali ndendende zaka seveni tsiku limene anamwalira m'dziko la chiguluchi Mihail Tverskoy, wotchedwa Dmitry ndi bambo Alesandro. Abale, tsiku wakuda uyu sanali kokha tsiku la chikumbutso, ndi maliro, koma chilango. chakuti madzulo a msonkhano wa adani awiri wosadzayanjanika - wotchedwa Dmitry akuopsa maso ndi Yuri Danilovich. Kaya chinali wamwalira ndipo anali kuyesa zonse, silidziŵika. Only Nikon Chronicle limati wotchedwa Dmitry Mikhailovich anapha Yuri Danilovich osayembekezera chisomo cha mfumu ya Chiuzibeki ndi malo cholowa ndi malipilo a kalonga womwalirayo. A odziwika bwino Russian mbiri V. N. Tatischev, amene ankakhala kumayambiriro kwa XVII ndi XVIII zaka zambiri, m'mabuku ake anapanga kopanda kuti anali kanthu ena kuposa kubwezera atate wake Svoge.

aweruze

Wotchedwa Dmitry Mikhailovich, pamene adapanga lynching, ankaganiza kuti Khan adzamkhululukira njomba limenelo, chifukwa amadziwika kuti ndi nthawi Prince Yury wa Moscow nthawi yaitali kusangalala ndi mkulu wa gulu. Komabe, ngati despot woona, Uzbeks akanakhoza kukhululukira anthu ake kwambiri, koma osati mwankhanza. Choncho chinthu choyamba anauza kutumiza thupi la anapha Kalonga wa Moscow kwawo, ndipo analamula amangidwe wakupha.

Chiganizo Khan anali kudikira kwa pafupifupi chaka. Chifukwa, Dmitriy Tverskoy, anali kuti aphedwe. Kaya mwa mwamwayi zachilendo, kapena pa akufunira ya Chiuzibeki Khan okha Prince mosatsata moyo pa tsiku la kubadwa kwake - September 15, 1326, pamene anali ndi zaka 28 zokha basi. Monga Chronicle, ndi iye anaphedwa ndi Russian mkulu wina - Aleksandra Novosilskogo. Ambiri mwina, iwo anali mabwenzi apamtima ndipo pamodzi anakonza kuphedwa Yuri Danilovich.

Kulimbikitsa wa Grand Duchy wa Moscow

Polongosola mwachidule bolodi, tikhoza kunena kuti Yuri Danilovich, mfundo mkati amene anali kwathunthu lolunjika pa centralization ndi chilengedwe cha mphamvu amphamvu, sanataye aliyense wa maiko analandira kamodzi mu cholowa kwa bambo wake. M'malo mwake, iye anakwanitsa kuonjezera iwo. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1303, analowa ukulu Mozhaisk, patapita zaka ziwiri, Pereslavl, ndipo mu 1311 ndipo Nizhny Novgorod, komwe kenako kulamulidwa ndi m'bale wake Boris. Mu 1320 Yuriy Moskovsky anapita kukamenyana ndi Ryazan Prince Ivan Yaroslavich angagwirizanitse chuma chake ndi Kolomna.