Monga Russia anakhala Russia? Monga Russia wakhala amene amagwiritsidwa dziko?

Amadziwika kuti Yaroslav Mudry, kupereka mwana wake wamkazi Anna ku French Mfumu anam'patsa malowolo m'buku pamiyala matabwa, omwe ankakhulupirira kuti anapulumuka masiku ano. Mulimonsemo, iye anali atachotsedwa pa pepala. Iwo ankatchedwa "Bukhu la Veles" ndi kutiuza za nthawi lisanadze Rurik mafumu. Amaganiza kuti potumiza bukuli Europe, Yaroslav ankafuna kuuza chitukuko European wa mbiri yakale wa Russia. Malinga ndi buku la Veles, mu Russia kalekale panali mpikisano Bohumír, amene anali ndi ana asanu, kuphatikizapo ana a Seva ndi Lazaro, amene anapita northerners ndi Rusich. Mwina chiyambi cha mmene Russia anakhala Russian, monga nthano ali ndi dzina chachimuna ku muzu "Lazaro" ndipo kenako anaumba m'dzina "Lazaro" boma.

Mabungwe ku Russia anali mafuko ndi Rurik

"Bukhu la Veles" mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti Russia ndi mgwirizano wa Asilavo (ndipo mwina ena) mafuko wakhalapo kuyambira nthawi zakale. Mu ntchito iyi zolembalemba ali limasonyeza kuti zochitika zakale kwambiri pamene protorusskie mafuko anapita ku Iguputo, ankakhala mu Carpathian Mapiri, anakafika m'dera la masiku ano China, ndipo ena. Choncho, kuganizira za mmene Russia anakhala Russian, inu simungakhoze kuyambira m'masiku a Rurik, koma ndi kale .

Komabe, Masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti mtsogoleri wa Varangian alonda anakhala munthu woyamba amene ogwirizana mafuko Chisilavo mu nthawi nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi matenda a adani achilendo (mu 862 AD). Amaganiza kuti iye anali mdzukulu wa Novgorod Prince (mwana wa mwana wamkazi wa kalonga), amene adamuyitana Iye kulamulira Novgorod mogwirizana ndi vuto lalikulu ndi msinkhu wawo wakale. Choncho, chiphunzitso kuti Russia analenga Scandinavians ankaona si olemera kwambiri. Ngati ife titembenukira kwa "Book of Veles", mungapeze kutchula chakuti olemba wakale sankaona Rurik Rusich, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti mphamvu zake pogwiritsa ntchito chiwawa. Mwina olemba m'buku ali mafuko Asilavo, lirikulimbana ndi Novgorod, amene Rurik mphamvu, amenenso amakhulupirira kuti mwabatizidwa malinga ndi miyambo ya Mkhristu, anali oipa.

Monga Russia wakhala mphamvu apanyanja?

Poyamba boma Russian anali magulu midzi pamodzi njira zamalonda "ku Scandinavia kwa Agiriki" imene kuugwira ndi Rurik ndi retinue wake. Likulu izi quasi-mapangidwe anali Kiev ndi Novgorod. Pafupifupi 8-9 zaka a m'nthawi yathu ino wayamba chitukuko cha madera ku Central Russia (pakati pa Volga ndi Oka), limene kwa zaka anali ndi periphery wa Kievan Lazaro. Pambuyo Mongol nkhondo (m'ma 13) Mtengo wa dziko kuchuluka, ndipo pali malo atsopano - Moscow, padziko limene linayamba gawo latsopano la kuphatikiza mu madera Duchy wa Moscow. Anthu a boma la maphunziro nawo anapeza m'mayiko ena, kuphatikizapo malire chapamwamba za Kama Mtsinje, gombe la Pechora, Northern Dvina, Nyanja White. Tikhoza kunena kuti m'masiku amenewo boma Russian anali ndi mphamvu nyanja Komabe, madzi palibe malonda yogwira mayiko zodutsa.

kupambana wachinayi wa Yohane (Ivan m'khutu) m'gawo inalowa

Mu 1380 ku Moscow asilikali anagonjetsa Mongolia, ndi zaka zana pambuyo pa a Ugra mtsinje kwathunthu akuvutitsa dziko Russian ku goli yachilendo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mmodzi wa dziko Russian kale m'gulu Rzhev, Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Veliky Ustyug ndi ena. Umu ndi mmene Russia wakhala wotero dziko lalikulu ndi kale mu masiku amenewo. kupambana Local wa kuloŵedwa m'malo analimbitsa kamodzi wolamulira wa Lazaro - Chachinayi Ivan (m'khutu). Analowa Moscow m'dziko katundu wambiri wa Kazan ndi Astrakhan Khanate. Iye anachoka kwa mibadwo manustkript imene mwina kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi dzina "Russia" anagwiritsidwa chinenero Chisilavo Chakale. chikalata ichi ndi uthenga woyamba Ivana Groznogo ndi Prince Andreya Kurbskogo, amene anasaina monga "analilemba mu ufumu phwando mzinda wa Russia, Moscow, wachinayi wa July 7072, chilimwe wa chilengedwe chonse." Mwina imeneyi ndi Russia anakhala Russia mu dzina lake. Ngakhale Dziwani kuti mutu wa kalata wachiwiri kwa m'khutu Kurbsky mfumu zikuoneka ngati mwayekha, ndi Grand Duke "BCEAO Rousseau," ndiko kuti, monga mutu kumene anali "Russia" ndi "Russia".

Dziko yaikulu pa dziko

M'tsogolo, boma Russian kwa zaka anapitiriza kuwonjezera makamaka gawo. tsars Russian pamaso Ivan IV anakwanitsa angagwirizanitse kuti alipo katundu Pskov ndi Ryazan dziko. Pa Grand Duchy la Lithuania anasankhidwa ndi kubwerera ku malire chapamwamba za Oka ndi Vyazma. Mu zaka za m'ma 16 mu kumtunda kwa Muscovy analowa Western Dvina, beseni lonse la Desna mtsinje, ndipo wakhala dziko yaikulu pa nthawiyo ndipo ndi lero. Mu 80s zaka zana la 16 anayamba yogwira kukula kwa Siberia. Panali anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Tomsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen ndi Mangazeya, koma gawo, chifukwa mu Baltic States chifukwa cha Livonia nkhondo, iwo anataya kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wa John kwambiri.

Monga Russia wakhala dziko lalikulu? Tikumbukenso kuti chitukuko ambiri m'dziko latsopano anali makamaka mtendere, chifukwa m'mayiko Siberia anali anthu n'chosoŵa, ndi anthu kumeneko pambuyo kubwera kwa Cossacks anayamba mwachangu Mwachitsanzo, tsitsi posinthanitsa ndi katundu wa apamwamba mlingo wa chitukuko (zida, etc .. ). Koma mbiri ya dziko lathu wolemera kumenyana nkhondo ku chitukuko cha madera ambiri kumadzulo n'kuulanda mayiko ena a kum'mawa. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Russia anataya nkhondo za dziko mu Smolensk ndi Chernihiv analandira Komabe, mu 50s za m'ma yomweyo Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine ndi Zaporozhye. Mu 1620-50-ntchentche anayesetsa ndi adzatumpha kuposa chitukuko cha Siberia - Russian zinafikira pa gombe la Yenisei Mtsinje, kenako nyanja ya Okhotsk. Komabe, ambiri amachita chidwi ndi funso mmene Russia anakhala ufumu.

Mfumu analamulira ufumu

Amakhulupirira kuti mwambo umenewu zinachitika pa ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu, amene anatenga mutu wa mfumu mu 1721 pa pempho la Senate, pambuyo chigonjetso mu nkhondo kumpoto. Malinga ndi zotsatira za nkhondo imene inatenga ku 1700 kuti 1721 boma Russian anabwera Karelia, Izhora, Estonia ndi Livonia, kum'mwera kwa dziko Chifinishi kuti Vyborg, anakhazikitsa mzinda wa St. Petersburg. Peter wakhazikitsa asapita malonda ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya ndipo anapanga nyanja mphamvu yake dziko, nthawi limeneli m'dera pamalo abwino ofunika.

mtundu Chukchi analephera kupambana - iwo adziphatika

Pambuyo Russia anakhala ufumu chake Kupititsa "chilakolako" ndi kukula. Pakuti nthawi kuchokera 1723 mpaka 1732 mu mbali mwa Nyanja Caspian ali m'dziko. Pa nthawi yomweyo akuyamba chitukuko cha dziko Altai pa mtsinje Yaik. Mu makumi zaka zana ndi Russian Ufumu mwaufulu agwirizane mitundu ya Chukchi (kale iwo sakanakhoza kupambana Russian Cossacks katatu), ndiye Kamchatka Islands Kuril. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu chifukwa cha nkhondo Chirasha Turkey wa Ufumu amalandira Nyanja ya Azov, Crimea, dera Black Sea, ndipo pambuyo kugawa la Poland - Lithuania, Belarus, Kurland ndi North-Western Ukraine. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma kwa gawo Russian wa kujowina la Kazakhstan, Alaska ndi South Altai.

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi - m'dera pazipita

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, Russia anali nawo onse increment ndi imfa ya m'madera. Monga Russia anakhala Russia lero poona zimene zinachitika? Ndi "kupeza" nthawi kuti zikuphatikizapo inalowa la Finland, Dagestan, dera Bessarabia, gawo la Poland, kumadzulo Georgia. Ndiye m'dziko Russian zikuphatikizapo Armenia, mbali ya madera a Azerbaijan ndi mzake "gawo" wa Chikazaki m'mayiko (ie. N. Senior Jousse). Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zana ndi Russian Ufumu umalandira pazipita ake kufanana mbiri - amaphatikizapo North Caucasus, Central Asia, gawo la Xinjiang (mongoyembekezera ku 60s a). Komanso Moscow walandira protectorate pa dera la pano Tuva (Uryankhay dziko), anali kupenyetsetsa Amur, Primorye ndi Sakhalin. Monga malipiro kwa nthawi yotsiriza Japan anapambana Islands Kuril (Sakhalin anasamukira ku Japan kachiwiri chifukwa cha nkhondo ya 1904-1905. Koma posakhalitsa ndi mfundo zakale). Mu 1867, Alaska adatayika, ndipo mogwirizana ndi iwowo, anapangana ndi United States.

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi Russian Ufumu, amene anauka (ndi ndisungunuka ndiye) Soviet Union kachiwiri, likukhalira, malo otayika. M'pofunikanso kutchula imfa ya Ukraine, Chibelarusi, Chifinishi, Polish kumadela Bessarabian pambuyo yoyamba ya padziko lonse ndi kupeza kumapeto kwa Wachiwiri World Kuriles, South Sakhalin, Kaliningrad Oblast. Pa Nkhondo m'ma atumwi, Soviet Union wakhala mwalamulo analowa Republic of Tuva. Ndipo mu 1991, pambuyo kulekana kwa mayiko Union, chasanduka Russia lero.

Dziko limodzi ndi majini

Monga Russia wakhala amene amagwiritsidwa dziko? Mu njira ya chitukuko cha magulu yosiyanasiyana ndi m'madera anthu okhala mwa iwo (ndi kudza kwa malo amenewo), analowa mapangano malonda ndi asilikali, komanso m'banja, amene zinafuna kusanganikirana chibadwa. Lero, chinthu chachilendo mu Russia majini mtundu ndi R1a 1a, amene massively anagawira ndi chapakati Russia ndi kum'mwera Siberia, lomwe kamodzinso imasonyeza umodzi wa anthu osati dera lawo komanso pa mlingo chibadwa.