Squadrons wa WWII. Wotchuka Ace ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Nkhondo iliyonse ndi chisoni chachikulu kwa anthu aliwonse, omwe mwanjira ina imakhudza. Pa mbiri yake, anthu akhala akukumana ndi nkhondo zambiri, ziwiri zomwe zinali nkhondo za padziko lonse. Dziko loyambirira linatsala pang'ono kuwononga Ulaya ndipo linayambitsa kulamulira kwakukulu, monga Russia ndi Austro-Hungary. Koma choopsa kwambiri chinali Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, yomwe mayiko ambiri ochokera kumadera onse a dziko lapansi adakhudzidwa. Anthu miyandamiyanda anamwalira, ambiri otsala opanda denga pamwamba pa mitu yawo. Chochitika chowopsya ichi chimakhudza munthu mmodzi kapena wina wamakono. Malingaliro ake amapezeka mmoyo wathu wonse. Zovuta izi zinasiyidwa ndi mikangano yambiri, mikangano yomwe siinathe zaka zambiri. Mtolo wolemetsa kwambiri unagonjetsedwa pa nkhondoyi osati moyo, koma imfa, komabe sizinalimbikitsike kwambiri ndi kusintha ndi nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni, ndi Soviet Union yokha, yomwe inali kumanga makampani ake a nkhondo ndi amtendere. M'mitima mwa anthu adakhazikitsa mkwiyo wosasinthasintha ndi chikhumbo cholimbana ndi adani, omwe adagonjetsa ufulu wawo ndi ufulu wa anthu osowa mtendere. Ambiri anapita patsogolo podzipereka. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kudakonzedwanso kwa malo ogulitsa mafakitale kuti apange zinthu zogulira zofunikira. Kulimbana kumeneku kunayambira pa dziko lonse lapansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatchedwa Nkhondo Yakukonda Dziko Lopatulika.

Aes ali ndani?

Asirikali onse a Germany ndi Soviet anaphunzitsidwa bwino ndipo ali ndi zipangizo zamakono, ndege ndi zida zina. Ogwira ntchitowo amawerengedwa mamiliyoni ambiri. Kulimbana kwa makina awiriwa ankhondo kunabereka ana awo amphamvu komanso opandukira. Mmodzi wa iwo amene angathe kutengedwa kuti ndi amphona ndi maiko a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Ndi ndani ndipo ndi otani kwambiri? Ace angathe kuonedwa kuti ndi munthu yemwe wapindula mu ntchito yake yolemekezeka yomwe anthu ochepa okha amatha kugonjetsa. Ndipo ngakhale mu bizinesi yoopsa komanso yoopsya ngati asilikali, pakhala pali akatswiri. Onse a USSR ndi mabungwe ogwirizana nawo, ndi Germany Germany anali ndi anthu omwe anasonyeza zotsatira zabwino mwa chiwerengero cha zipangizo zowonongeka kapena antchito a mdani. Ponena za ankhondowa ndipo ndikukuuzani nkhaniyi.

Mndandandanda wa Aces wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse ndi yowonjezereka ndipo ikuphatikizapo umunthu wambiri wotchuka chifukwa cha zochitika zawo. Iwo anali chitsanzo kwa fuko lonse, iwo ankatamandidwa, akuyamikiridwa ndi iwo.

Nkhondo zapadziko lonse

Kupanga ndege ndizodziwikiratu, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zida zoopsa. Popeza njira iliyonse ingakanidwe nthawi iliyonse, mlandu wa woyendetsa umayesedwa wolemekezeka kwambiri. Izi zimafuna kupirira kwachitsulo, chilango, kuthekera kudziletsa nokha. Chifukwa chake, maulendo a ndege ankachitidwa ulemu ndi ulemu waukulu. Ndipotu, mukhoza kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino muzochitika zoterezi, pamene moyo wanu umadalira osati pa teknoloji, koma inunso, - masewera apamwamba kwambiri a zankhondo. Kotero, ndi ndani - oyendetsa ndege-maekala a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani machitidwe awo ndi otchuka?

Oyendetsa ndege a Soviet

Mmodzi woyendetsa bwino kwambiri Soviet avi oyendetsa ndege anali Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub. Mwalamulo, iye, panthawi imene ankagwira ntchito pamphepete mwa Nkhondo Yaikulu ya Kukonda Dziko, adawombera ndege 62 za German, ndipo adatchulidwanso kuti anali ndi asilikali awiri a ku America, omwe adawawononga kumapeto kwa nkhondo. Wogwiritsira ntchito woyendetsa ndegeyo analowa m'gulu la 176th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment ndipo ananyamuka pa ndege La-7.

Yachiŵiri yokhudza mphamvu m'kati mwa nkhondo ndi Alexander Ivanovich Pokryshkin (yemwe adapatsidwa katatu dzina lakuti Hero of the Soviet Union). Anamenyera ku South Ukraine, ku Black Sea, anamasula Ulaya ku chipani cha Nazi. Pa ntchito yake iye adawombera ndege 59 za adani. Iye sanaleke kuthawa ngakhale atasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali 9 a Alonda Air, ndipo adapeza ena mwa mpikisano wake wa mphepo pomwe ali kale.

Nikolai Dmitrievich Gulayev ndi mmodzi mwa akuluakulu oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi omwe anaika zolemba - 4 madyerero pa ndege imodzi yoonongeka. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yake, adawononga ndege 57 za adani. Anapatsidwa kawiri konse dzina la Hero of the Soviet Union.

Komanso, Kirill Alekseevich Evstigneev anali ndi zotsatira zabwino. Iye anawombera ndege 55 zachi German. Kozhedub, yemwe anali ndi mwayi wotumikira ndi Evstigneev mu boma lomwelo, analankhula mwaulemu za woyendetsa ndegeyo.

Dmitry Borisovich Glinka ndi Soviet ace. Iye anawononga ndege 50 za adani mu masewera 100 omenyana. Anapatsidwa dzina lolemekezeka la Hero of the Soviet Union kawiri.

Zikuoneka kuti a Soviet Aes a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse adadziwa kulimbana ndi kuchita molimba mtima komanso mosadzikonda.

Asy Allies

Koma ogwirizana a ogwirizanitsa ndege anali ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri. Pakati pa iwo, oyendetsa ndege ambiri olimba mtima amatha kudziwika, koma sakudziwa bwino kuti Soviet "falcons" ili bwino.

Akulu Richard Bong anali ndi mndandanda wa kupambana kumene magalimoto okwana 40 adatchulidwa. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa alangizi othandiza kwambiri a Allies. Nkhondo itatha, Bong anakhala woyesayesa, koma adamwalira akuyesa ndege yatsopano ya F-80, osatha kulumpha ndi parachute atagonjetsa galimotoyo.

Briton Johnson James panthawi ya nkhondo adawombera magalimoto 34 adani. Anamuuza gulu limodzi la ndege zogonjetsa ndegeyo pofika ku Normandy mu 1944. Iye anayamba kumenyana mu March 1943, akuwuluka pa omenyera nkhondo a Spitfire.

Woyendetsa ndege wa America, Major Thomas McGuire, anawombera ndege 38 za adani. Anapatsidwa mphoto zambiri za ku America, kuphatikizapo Medal of Honor of Congress. Anaphedwa pankhondo pafupi ndi chilumba cha Los Negros ali ndi zaka 24. Izi zinachitika pa January 7, 1945.

Mfalansa Pierre Klosterman anapeza mphoto 30 m'mlengalenga, komanso anawononga zida zambiri zapansi - magalimoto, magalimoto ndi magalimoto. Ali ndi zaka 24, adakwanitsa kukwaniritsa nduna ya apolisi, yomwe inathetsa nkhondoyo.

Ma aces achi German

Asa Luftwaffe Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko lonse anayenera kulingalira bwino kwambiri oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa bwino kwambiri m'mbiri. Mmodzi wa iwo adakhala ngakhale cholemba cha Guinness Book of Records. Kodi woyendetsa ndege wolimba mtima anali ndani?

Mzinda wa German wotchuka kwambiri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo munthu amene adalemba chiwerengero cha ndege zosagonjetsedwa ndi Erich Hartmann. Pa nkhondo yake yomenyana ndi mndandanda wa 352 ndege zowonongeka, ndipo zoposa theka la kupambana kwake komwe anapeza pa ankhondo (260). Hartman anangoyenda pa Messerschmitt Bf 109G ndipo adanena kuti inali yabwino kwambiri ndege zomwe adaziwonapo. Kumapeto kwa nkhondo, adapereka kwa Amerika omwe anamupereka kwa asilikali a Soviet. Chotsatira chake chinali chakumangidwa kwa zaka 10 m'misasa, koma Erich anatha kubwerera kwa mkazi wake ndi ana ndipo anamwalira ali wokalamba. Zolemba zake, zimadabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa palibe Soviet kapena allied aces omwe angakhoze kukwaniritsa zotsatira zoterezi.

Hans-Joachim Marcel ndi woyendetsa ndege wa ku Germany yemwe adamenyana kwambiri ku Africa. Pa nthawi ya usilikali, ndipo anali waufupi, adaponya ndege 158 za ku America ndi British. Anagwidwa m'chipululu, pamene adayandikira kampani yake, atagwira bwino ntchitoyi, koma izi zinachitika chifukwa cha mavuto omwe anali nawo mu ndege. Iye anaikidwa m'manda ndi ulemu waukulu.

Gerhard Bakhorn - wina wa German monga. Pa nkhondo yake nkhondo 301 ndege. Buckhorn inavulala kangapo, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa woyendetsa ndegeyo, nayenso anali woyendetsa ndege, makamaka, akuuluka kuzungulira ndege yoyamba ya Me-262. Nkhondoyo itatha, iye anali kuyesa ndege kuti apite ku Germany.

Koma kodi zida za ku Germany za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yachiwiri zogwira ndege zinali zothandiza kwambiri moti zingathe kuwononga nambala ya ndege ngati zogawanika zitatu? M'zinthu zambiri, kupambana kwawo kuli chifukwa cha kukonzekera kwa ndege kwa Soviet. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, USSR inataya ndege pafupifupi 1,200, zomwe zinakhudza dziko lonse la ndege. Mwachibadwa, pamodzi ndi ndege, anthu omwe amatha kuwuluka amatha kufa. Zikakhala choncho, maphunziro ofulumira kuthawa anakhazikitsidwa mwachangu, omwe angabwezeretse chiwerengero cha oyendetsa ndege, koma phindu la khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri ndege ya Soviet kusukulu inali maola 13-34, ndipo chiwerengero cha a German - pafupifupi maola 400. Kuphatikizanso apo, mayendedwe a Germany akuyambitsa nkhondo kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo anali pamutu pamwamba pa Russian. Kumapeto kwa ntchito za usilikali, zinthu zinasintha mosiyana.

Monga tikuonera, oyendetsa ndege-ma aces a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse adasonyeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Koma osati okha omwe anali otchuka chifukwa cha zochitika zawo. Ndi mitundu yanji ya asilikali omwe adapatsa dziko lapansi ambuye olemekezeka a zida zankhondo?

Nkhondo za Tankmen-Aces za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse

Gulu lankhondo limagwira ntchito yolimbana. Nthawi zambiri asilikali a Tankmen akhala asilikali olimba mtima. Popeza mungathe kuwononga tanchi m'njira zambiri, n'zosavuta kuganiza kuti ngozi imawadikirira kulikonse. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu ogwira ntchito yamatabwa nthawi zonse ankamenyera nkhondo molimba mtima dziko lawo ndipo mosakayikira adapereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa cha iwo. Ndipo, ndithudi, pakati pawo analiponso maekala otchuka a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.

Ma-aces a tanki

Mbuye wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa Soviet tank ndi Dmitry Lavrinenko, yemwe angadzitamande chifukwa cha nkhondo yake yomenyana ndi adani ake okwana 52. Msirikali uyu adamenyana ndi adani pa T-34 wotchuka, yomwe inali imodzi mwa zizindikiro za nkhondoyo.

Wina wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa Soviet tankman wa Second World War ndi Zinoviy Kolobanov. Chidwi chake chinayambika m'mabuku ndi mabuku ambiri, popeza adatha kuwononga magulu makumi awiri ndi awiri (22) a German mu nkhondo imodzi (iyi ndi yachiwiri mwa chiwerengero pakati pa mbiri ya nkhondo za nkhondo za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse).

Koma, ngakhale kuti gulu la akasinja linali limodzi mwa ambiri mu Soviet Army, maekala a matanki a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Pachifukwa pazifukwa zina USSR sinali. Chifukwa chake izo ziri zosadziwika. Ndizomveka kuganiza kuti nkhani zambiri zaumwini zimakhala zovuta kapena zowonongeka, motero sikutheka kutchula chiwerengero chenicheni cha kupambana kwa ambuye otchulidwa pamwambawa.

German tank aces

Koma matanki a German a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ali ndi mbiri yakale kwambiri. Muzinthu zambiri izi zimachokera ku chizunguliro cha Ajeremani, omwe adalemba zonse, ndipo anali ndi nthawi yochuluka yolimbana ndi awo "Soviet". Asilikali achijeremani anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama mu 1939.

Mmodzi wa asilikali a ku Germany nambala 1 ndi Michael Wittmann, yemwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Hauptsturmfuhrer . Anamenyana ndi matanki ambiri (Stug III, Tiger I) ndipo anawononga pa nkhondo yonse 138, komanso 132 zida zankhondo zochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana adani. Chifukwa cha kupambana kwake iye adapatsidwa mobwerezabwereza malamulo ndi zizindikiro za Ufumu wachitatu. Anaphedwa mu 1944 ku France.

Komanso n'zotheka kugawa tank, monga Otto Karius. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi mbiri ya chitukuko cha asilikali a nkhondo ya Third Reich, buku la memoirs yake "Tigers mudope" lidzakhala lothandiza kwambiri. Pazaka za nkhondo, munthu uyu anawononga 150 AC Soviet ndi America ndi matanki.

Kurt Knispel ndi wothandizira mbiri ya tank. Iye anapha matanthwe 168 ndipo mdani wa SAU kuti amenyane nawo. Pafupifupi magalimoto 30 sali otsimikiziridwa, omwe salola kuti afane ndi zotsatira ndi Wittmann. Kinspel anamwalira pankhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Vostits ku Czechoslovakia, mu 1945.

Kuphatikiza apo, Karl Bromann anali ndi zotsatira zabwino - matanki 66 ndi mfuti zokha, Ernst Barkmann - matanki 66 ndi mfuti zokha, Erich Mausberg - matanki 53 ndi mfuti zokha.

Monga momwe tikuonera ku zotsatirazi, mayiko onse a Soviet ndi German a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse adatha kumenyana. Inde, chiŵerengero ndi khalidwe la magalimoto ankhondo a Soviet chinali dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri kuposa la Ajeremani, koma monga momwe awonetsera, zonsezi zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino bwino ndipo zakhala maziko a zitsanzo zamatsinje pambuyo pa nkhondo.

Koma pa mndandanda wa zida, zomwe zimasiyanitsa ambuye awo, satha. Tiye tiyankhule pang'ono za sitima yam'madzi.

Ambuye a nkhondo yamadzi yam'madzi

Komanso pankhani ya ndege ndi mabanki, otchuka kwambiri ndi oyendetsa sitima za ku Germany. Kriegsmarine omwe ali ndi sitima zapamadzi kwa zaka zomwe akhalapo, adamira ngalawa zokwana 2603 za mayiko ogwirizanitsa, kutuluka kwathunthu kwa matani 13.5 miliyoni. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chochititsa chidwi. Inde, ndi zochititsa chidwi za mbiri ya anthu a ku Germany Aes-submariners a nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, nayenso, akhoza kudzitama.

Wowonongeka pamtunda waku Germany ndi Otto Krechmer, chifukwa cha zombo zina 44, kuphatikizapo 1 wowononga. Kutuluka kwathunthu kwa ngalawa zowonedwa ndi matani 266,629.

Kachiwiri - Wolfgang Lut, yemwe anatumiza pansi pa sitima zankhondo 43 (ndipo malinga ndi zolemba zina - 47) ndi kutuluka kwathunthu kwa matani 225,712.

Madzi otchedwa sea ace anali Gunther Prin, yemwe anatha kumira ngakhale British Oak. Anali mmodzi mwa oyang'anira oyambirira kulandira masamba a thundu ku Knight's Cross. Prien anawononga zombo 30. Anaphedwa mu 1941 pamene gulu la Britain linagonjetsa. Iye anali wotchuka kwambiri kuti imfa yake kwa miyezi iwiri inali kubisala kwa anthu. Ndipo tsiku la maliro ake, dziko lonse linalengeza kulira.

Kupambana koteroko kwa oyendetsa sitima ku Germany kumamveka bwino. Mfundo ndi yakuti dziko la Germany linayambanso nkhondo yomenyana ndi nkhondo m'chaka cha 1940, ndi kuzungulira dziko la Britain, motero likufuna kuthetsa kukula kwake kwa nyanja ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito izi, kuti zitha kulanda zilumbazo. Komabe, posakhalitsa zolinga za Hitler zinkasokonekera, popeza America anagwirizana nawo nkhondo ndi magalimoto akuluakulu ndi amphamvu.

Kodi Soviet Union inakhala ndi ace pakati pa oyendetsa sitimayo?

Msilikali wotchuka kwambiri wotchedwa Soviet oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi ndi Alexander Marinesko. Anagwidwa zombo 4 zokha, koma bwanji! Chombo chotsika kwambiri chotchedwa "Wilhelm Gustloff", kutumiza "General von Steuben", komanso zigawo ziwiri za dziwe losambira "Helene" ndi "Siegfried". Chifukwa cha zochitika zake, Hitler adayambitsa woyendetsa ngalawa ku mndandanda wa adani ake. Koma tsogolo la Marinesco silinayende bwino. Anagwidwa ndi manyazi ndi ulamuliro wa Soviet ndipo adamwalira, koma ntchito zake zinasiya kulankhula. Mphoto ya Hero of the Soviet Union woyendetsa ngalawa wamkulu analandira kanthawi kochepa mu 1990. Tsoka ilo, ambiri a a USSR Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse anathetsa miyoyo yawo mwanjira iyi.

Ivan Travkin, omwe ndi sitima zapamadzi za Soviet Union, ananyamula sitimayi 13, Nikolai Lunin - komanso ngalawa 13, Valentin Starikov - zombo 14. Koma Marinesko analemba mndandanda wa alonda abwino kwambiri a Soviet Union, chifukwa anawononga kwambiri asilikali a ku Germany.

Zolondola komanso zopanda pake

Chabwino, kodi simungakumbukire bwanji omenyera nkhondo ngati othamanga? Kuno, Soviet Union imatenga mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa ku Germany. Osowa Soviet Union-ma aces a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse anali ndi malipoti apamwamba kwambiri a utumiki. Muzinthu zambiri, zotsatira zoterezi zinatheka chifukwa cha maphunziro akuluakulu a boma omwe amagawenga akuwombera ku zida zosiyanasiyana. Chithunzicho "Voroshilovsky Shooter" chinaperekedwa kwa anthu pafupifupi 9 miliyoni. Kotero, kodi otsegula otchuka kwambiri ndi ati?

Dzina la Vasily Zaitsev linawopseza Ajeremani ndipo linapangitsa kulimba mtima m'masoliti a Soviet. Mnyamata wamba uyu, msaki, anapha asilikali 225 a Wehrmacht kuchokera ku mfuti yake ya Mosin mwezi umodzi wokha pafupi ndi Stalingrad. Pakati pa mayina otchuka kwambiri - Fedor Okhlopkov, chifukwa cha (mu nkhondo yonse) pafupi ndi Hitler a chikwi; Semyon Nomokonov, amene anapha asilikali okwana 368. Ena mwa anthu omwe ankamenyana nawo anali akazi. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka Lyudmila Pavlichenko, yemwe anamenyana pafupi ndi Odessa ndi Sevastopol.

snipers German ndi zochepa zodziwika bwino, ngakhale Germany panali sukulu zingapo Sniper zikugwira maphunziro akatswiri kuyambira 1942. Pakati oponya mivi bwino kwambiri German - Mattias Hettsenauer (345 kuphedwa), Josef Allerberger (257 kuphedwa), Bruno Sutkus (209 kuwombera asilikali). Limatchedwanso ndi Sniper kuchokera mayiko a Hitlerite bloc ali, Simo Hayha - ndi Finn panthawi ya nkhondo anapha 504 Red Army (zosatsimikiza).

Chida chachikulu cha marksman iliyonse Mosin mfuti ndi pamaso telescopic, koma, zoopseza, ntchito ndi SVT. Kuwonjezera mbali yaikulu ya zida zake, nayenso anaphunzira chilango zofunika kuti tipitirize - chozemba, luso dikirani, kukhala kulephera kuyenda konse, ndi orienteering.

Choncho, ntchito yokonza ndi Sniper Soviet Union anali zokhudza kuposa a magulu German, amene analola asilikali Soviet kuvala onyada mutu - aces ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.

Kodi kukhala aces?

Choncho, mawu akuti "Ace ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse" ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Monga tanenera kale, anthu awa akwaniritsa mu malonda awo alidi zotsatira chidwi. Izi anali akwaniritsa osati chifukwa anaphunzitsidwa bwino asilikali, koma chifukwa cha makhalidwe apadera munthu. Pajatu, kwa woyendetsa Mwachitsanzo, ndi kugwirizana zofunika kwambiri komanso mmene mwachangu Sniper - luso kudikira kwa mphindi yabwino kuwombera ndi zina umodzi.

Choncho, kudziwa amene anali aces yabwino ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, sikutheka. mbali zonse achita ungwazi zachitika amene walola olekanitsidwa misa okwana anthu. Koma kukhala mbuye ndi akanangokhoza amakana kuyeserayesera ndi kutsiriza nkhondowo luso lawo, nkhondo salola kufooka. Kumene, ziwerengero mzere youma sadzatha kuuza munthu ano mavuto onse, mavuto anakumana ndi akatswiri a nkhondo pa mapangidwe ake pedestal ulemu.

Ife, m'badwo amene ankakhala, wosadziwa zinthu zoipazi, musaiwale za anamanganso analipo m'mbuyomo wathu. Iwo akhoza kukhala kudzoza, chikumbutso, kukumbukira. Tiziyesetsa kuchita zonse kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zoopsa monga nkhondo yotsiriza, salinso mobwerezabwereza.