Laszlo Biro - anayambitsa cholembera ballpoint

Nthawi zambiri, kuyambitsa amapatsidwa dzina la wolemba wake. Pali zambiri zitsanzo: "Citroen" ndi "Porsche" ndi mwana mfuti, Biro ndi Parker. Koma asiye! "Biro" mawu si mu Russian. Koma zili English. Ku New Zealand, Australia ndi UK ananena kuti mawu biro tsopano ambiri kulemba chida - cholembera ballpoint. Ndipo Laszlo Biro anatulukira izo. M'nkhaniyi, ife azipereka yonena mwachidule zatsopano lapansi.

Ntchito yoyamba

Laslo Yozef Biro anabadwa mu 1899 ku Budapest. awisi, Matias, ntchito ngati dotolo wamano. Aliyense ankaganiza kuti Laszlo adzapita mapazi ake. Ndipo ndithu, pambuyo maphunziro Biro analowa Medical luso. Koma maphunziro mnyamata ndi sanalandire.

Kwa kanthawi Laszlo ankachita kutsirikidwa, kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito pa kampani kupanga katundu mafuta. Pambuyo anasamukira ku yatsopano, koma otchuka ndiye dera - anagona. Pamodzi ndi mnzake, ngakhale Biro anatulukira kufala basi. Zitatero, ndi setifiketi kwa chidali chifuniro cha amamuonera kampani American "General Motors", choncho palibe munthu anakhoza kuzindikira izo. Zinali ngati kuzindikira chakuti mnyamatayo pa mutu wa mapewa!

ntchito journalistic

Koma Laszlo Biro anapitiriza kufufuza okha ndipo patapita ndi mtolankhani ku kwawo. Panthawiyo, Budapest ankaona likulu lachiwiri la Austria-Hungary. Iye akutithandiza zedi pa mpikisano mutu ndi mzinda Vienna ndi wokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale mpikisano kupambana ndipo analephera, koma Budapest ndi apindula kwambiri.

Kodi chinachitika n'chiyani? Budapest anakhala kutentha kwambiri zigawo mu Vienna - lachifumu ulemerero ndi stiffness. Mu Budapest panali operetta ku Vienna - opera. Mu Budapest podyera tidafika ku ntchito ndiponso kuyanjana ndi anthu. The Vienna - kuti mwaulemu kudya mchere.

Kukonzedwa zambiri manyuzipepala kwawo Laszlo anawamasulira lokhalamo yapafupi cafe. Apa akonzi typeset nambala yatsopano, ndi atolankhani kuti zotsatira zolembedwa ndi kukambirana mitu panopa. Zinali mu Atolankhani cafe anabweretsa "mchira" chifukwa posachedwapa.

Poyamba kutsogoleredwa ndi Laszlo Biro nyuzipepala "Hungary." Pambuyo kutsekedwa ake - kope Elôtte. Mwachibadwa, waukulu ntchito chida cha ngwazi za nkhani imeneyi kusamalira. Ndipo makhalidwe ake anakhalabe kutali wangwiro.

Kutulukira

Tonga atolankhani a kuti nthawi ntchito Parker - capillary kasupe zolembera. Zinali mtengo kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kulemba zida. Koma pa Parkers kuipa pano: mwina iwo musatisiye osapezekanso malo pa pepala kapena ikudontha.

Pa Laszlo ndinali ndi mbale wake wotchedwa Gyorgy, analandila maphunziko mankhwala. Iye anandiuza kuti ngwazi za nkhaniyi kuti Parker kwambiri madzi inki. Ndicho chifukwa iwo zimachitika. Pachifukwa chomwechi, inki uphwetsa pa pepala kwa nthawi yaitali. Malinga Gyorgy, madzimadzi akadakwanitsira chifukwa cha phindu amangomvera - ndi inki.

Laszlo anatenga malangizo a achibale, koma kuyesera analephera. Inki anali wakuda kwambiri ndipo si kutayikira pepala ndi yokoka. Biro waganiza ndipo anaganiza mbuye mfundo amangomvera ndi capillary chubu. Mbali imodzi ya izo linatsegulidwa, ndi inki si kutuluka ndi kuyenderera chifukwa ductility ake. Kumbali ina ya capillary anali wokwera cholembera ngati yaing'ono mpira zitsulo. Pa kayendedwe ka pepala izo zimayenda ndi kutengedwera utoto wosanjikiza. Choncho Laszlo Biro anatulukira cholembera ballpoint. Ndipo bwino olembedwa!

Pa kalendala izo zinaliri mu 1938. Laszlo Biro Ballpoint Cholembera anapatsidwa setifiketi ku Hungary. Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, anayambitsa anali kupita kumeneko. Ichi chinali chifukwa malamulo anathamangitsa ndi boma lopondereza la Horthy. Izi "Kankhani" Ayuda onse ku dziko. Laszlo, pamodzi ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Paris. Monga likulu French anagulitsa chiphatso chake choyamba kwa kupanga zolembera. Ndipo chinali chiyambi chabe.

setifiketi Argentine

Mwinamwake izi zingaoneke zachilendo, koma choyamba kuŵeta zolembera wotchipa ballpoint unapangidwa bungwe ndi makampani British ndege. Pa panyanja mkulu okwera akhoza masuku pamutu zolembera kasupe. Ndipo ntchito angathe kufufutidwa inayake kosadzilemekeza. Choncho, kuŵeta anapanga ballpoint cholembera osachepera mtengo kulemba chida.

Laszlo Biro anali mwachidule mu Paris. Pambuyo nkhondo ya Nazi banja lake lonse anasamukira ku Argentina. M'chaka cha 1943, ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi walandira mu dziko lino ndi setifiketi kwa chidali chifuniro chake. Ndiyeno László anayambitsa fakitale kwa kupanga Eterpen amangomvera. M'chaka Biro anagulitsa mamiliyoni 7 katundu wake.

Koma kupambana izi malonda wakhala m'deralo. Pamene zatsopano anaganiza kulowa msika US, ndinaphunzira aliko kumeneko a Knobs ake analogue. chakuti akhama American acezela Argentina. Iye anazindikira ochulukaŵa angathe malonda anatulukira ndipo, kunyumba, nthawi yomweyo okhala mu dzina lake. Zikuoneka kuti msika US kwa Biro otayika muyaya.

Marcel Bish komanso "Crystal"

Koma zonse sizinayende! Pambuyo cholembera Wachiwiri World Laszlo m'manja mwa wamalonda Marcel Bisha. Iye anaganiza kuchita ulimi wa kulemba zida namanga fakitale pafupi Paris. Mu 1950, Marcel anapeza setifiketi Laszlo Biro. Ballpoint cholembera anali kwambiri bwino Bisch.

Wazamalonda kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito mu Swiss njira processing zitsulo. Pali anatero ali ndi digiri yapamwamba molondola mpaka hundredths wa millimeter a. The awiri a mipira yatsopano anali aang'ono ngati 1 mm. Zimenezi zinathandiza cholembera kuti ndilembe n'kakang'ono ndipo usasiye smudges pa pepala.

Bish ngakhale anabwera ndi dzina anatulukira, ndi bwino - "Crystal". Mu 1950, France anayamba kuŵeta zolembera pansi mtundu uwu. Patatha zaka eyiti Marseille kumbuyo chidali chifuniro chake cha setifiketi ya US ndi maziko a American kampani BiC. kampaniyo wapangadi wotchipa disposable ballpoint zolembera ku pulasitiki kuwala. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo anachotsedwa msika, ambiri kulemba chida. BiC kampani ndipo akadali chiwerengero imodzi yopanga ndi malonda zolembera lonse.

Pomaliza

Koma Laszlo Biro, Argentina anakhala kunyumba yake yachiwiri. Mu Spanish olankhula mayiko, iye anasintha dzina lake kwa Chihangare Ladislav. Mu Buenos Aires, Biro moyo mpaka imfa yake mu 1985. A 29 September (tsiku lobadwa Laszlo) anakhala Argentina a holide dziko - Tsiku la zatsopano lapansi.