Carbon monoxide

Chifukwa cha kuyaka chosakwanira mpweya kapena mankhwala okhala izo, ndipamene mpweya monoxide (NKHA) kapena mpweya monoxide. mayina ena ichi chinthu poizoni alibe mtundu kapena fungo (kuti chifukwa osati ndi carbon monoxide, organic zinthu ndi zosafunika), - mpweya okusayidi (II) kapena mpweya monoxide. kachulukidwe ake pa 0 ° C wofanana 0,00125 g / cm³. Pa kutentha opanda 192 ° C akudutsa pa gaseous kuti boma madzi, ndi pa opanda 205 ° C - olimba. Autoignition kutentha kuphatikiza 609 ° C. Okusayidi ndi pang'ono sungunuka m'madzi (0.0026 ga mu 100 ml), koma sungunuka chloroform, asidi acetic, ethyl nthochi, Mowa, hydroxide ammonium, benzene. Iwo ali misa molar wa 28,0101 g / mol.

Komanso monoxide imene imathandiza ndi oxides ena mpweya. Ambiri mwa imeneyi ndi mpweya woipa kapena mpweya woipa (CO2), amene amapangidwa ndi kuyaka wathunthu mpweya (ufulu ndi kuchuluka). Ndi mpweya colorless ndi kukoma pang'ono wowawasa, koma alibe fungo. Ndi kwambiri sungunuka m'madzi, potero musayambe acidic mpweya hydroxide NKHA (o) 2 kapena carbonic asidi H2CO3. Mpweya suboxide (C3O2) ndi mpweya woipa wopanda mtundu, koma ndi lakuthwa fungo lokhuthala lolepheretsa anthu kupuma. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, n'zosavuta polymerize, pamapeto pake kutulutsa mankhwala si sungunuka m'madzi ndi wodetsedwa mu wofiira, wachikasu kapena wofiirira. Palinso ena oxides mpweya umene sakhala odziwika ndi ndi liniya kapena ozungulira dongosolo. Mitunduyi zino zimasiyana C2O2 kuti C32O8. Komanso pali mankhwala polymeric, monga okusayidi graphite zace, molekyulu wapangidwa C ndi O zinthu ndi chiwerengero cha maatomu onse zingasiyane.

Mpweya monoxide akamagwira tsankho makutidwe ndi okosijeni mpweya (a shoestring) kwa mpweya winawake oxygen. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito ya ng'anjo kapena injini kuyaka mkati mwa malo ndi akachita. Mu kukhalapo kwa mpweya, mpweya monoxide moto buluu lawi kupanga mpweya woipa: 2 Akorinto + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (kapena malasha) mpweya, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti 60s m'ma lapitalo kuyatsa m'nyumba, kuphika ndi Kutentha, m'gulu kapangidwe kake 10% mpweya monoxide. Popeza kuyaka kwa NKHA, wambirimbiri kutentha, gasi amenewa ndi lofunika mafuta chigawo. Njira zina mwa njira zamakono amakono (mwachitsanzo, nkhumba chitsulo) akadali limodzi ndi mapangidwe amenewa chochokera, monga carbon monoxide. Mu gwero dziko lonse wa carbon monoxide chiyambi achilengedwe zochita photochemical kunachitika troposphere ndi kupoletsa za 5 • 1012 makilogalamu pa chaka. Other zachilengedwe a carbon monoxide ndi mapiri, moto nkhalango, ndi njira zina kuyaka.

Kuyambira mankhwala amazionera, kuti amakhala ndi carbon monoxide kuchepetsa katundu ndi chizolowezi zochita Kuwonjezera. Koma zizolowezi awiriwa amaoneka okha pa kutentha okwera kumene mpweya monoxide akhoza chokhudzana ndi zina zitsulo, chlorine, mpweya ndi sulfure. Zitsulo ntchito mphamvu thunthu ndi Kutentha kuti achire zitsulo ambiri oxides. Mu zimene chlorine kwaiye phosgene mpweya: NKHA + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. Imeneyi ndi poizoni, ntchito kaphatikizidwe organic, akhoza pang'onopang'ono linakwiriridwa ndi madzi monga anthu aone kuti pali anachita: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Mpweya monoxide akhoza mwachindunji Ufumuyo pa kutentha yapamwamba ndi kuthamanga kwa zitsulo zina kupanga zitsulo carbonyls kuti ndi zovuta mankhwala: Ni (NKHA) 4, Mo (NKHA) 6, Fe (NKHA) 5 ndi ena. Mpweya monoxide (II) akhoza anachita ammonia pa chothandizira (thoria ThO2) pa 500 ° C ndi mapangidwe a cyanide wa hydrogen: NKHA + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Mpweya umenewu poizoni anthu ndi nyama. Poizoni katundu wa carbon monoxide chifukwa umatha kuchita irreversibly ndi hemoglobin m'magazi, potero kutaya luso onyamulira mpweya wabwino kwa maselo zimakhala za thupi. Kuti ndi amabwera hypoxia hematic mtundu. Apo ayi, umatchedwa (chifukwa mphamvu m'munsi mpweya magazi) mwazi. Komanso mpweya okusayidi (II) mtsikanayu zimene, kusokoneza thupi zimakhala amuzolengedwa bwino. Easy poyizoni limodzi ndi mutu, kugogoda pa makachisi, chizungulire, kupweteka m'chifuwa, ndi chifuwa youma, maso madzi, nseru, kusanza, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo zithunzi ndi Makutu, reddening mwa khungu nembanemba mucous, tachycardia, amayamba kuthamanga ndi. Mu kusinza lochepa waika (pokhalabe chikumbumtima) galimoto ziwalo. poyizoni aakulu amakhala ndi zizindikiro monga ana dilated, imfa ya chikumbumtima, khunyu, chikomokere, kulephera kupuma, musanaganizire kumaliseche wa ndowe ndi mkodzo, khungu bluish ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous. Imfa kumachitika chifukwa chakuti mtima ndi kupuma.