Chuma pang'onopang'ono anazindikira: a kusanthula njira solvency

Pa kusanthula ntchito zachuma komanso wa kumalo a ntchito zambiri chidwi linaperekedwa kwa zachuma ndi pang'onopang'ono akuyendera chuma ndi olimba a. Zimene zikhoza zalumikizana? Pa nkhani imeneyi mupeza yankho nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa anafotokozedwa chuma pang'onopang'ono kudziŵidwa?

Kodi deta Kodi katundu wa kumalo a ntchito?

Chuma - pang'onopang'ono akuyendera, kapena - kumatanthauza nthawi zambiri monga mbali ya pa kusanthula ntchito zachuma a kumalo a ntchito. Ndiwo deta ndalama nkhani ya chisankho cha ntchito zogwirizana - Company bwino pepala. Iwo apangidwa pa maziko a kampani zizindikiro zenizeni zachuma, wotsimikiziridwa ndi kasamalidwe ake ndi kuoneka ngati mfundo za ziganizo ndalama.

Aliyense chuma panopa pang'onopang'ono akuyendera kuphatikizapo nkhani, makamaka, kuti mokwanira kuwunika okhudzidwa - makamaka eni kumalo a ntchito, bizinesi ngongole. Ndiye kodi Kapangidwe ka chuma ndi olimba a, zimakhudza mphamvu yake yake kukwaniritsa udindo wa akuwuka, kuphatikizapo malipiro pa ngongole.

Taganizirani ndiye kodi chuma chofunika pang'onopang'ono akuyendera ziyenera chitsanzo malonda. Pendani mfundo zawo kungatithandize gulu otsatirawa a mtundu chogwirizana chuma bungwe.

Gulu la katundu kampani

Pakati zachuma ano anthu ambiri pa nthawi imene katundu anawagawira mu magulu awa chachikulu:

• madzi ambiri (otchedwa A1 gulu chuma);
• mwamsanga akuyendera (A2);
• chuma pang'onopang'ono kudziŵidwa (A3);
• illiquid chuma.

Taganizirani kulunjika awo, komanso kusiyana iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

ndi chuma cha A1 chiyani?

The chuma zogwirizana analandira monga ndalama imene kampani, komanso ndalama yochepa. Magulu onsewa amaonedwa chuma akuzindikiridwa mu mzere osiyana pepala bwino.

Ntchito ya chuma izi zotheka kwambiri n'zomveka: ndalama za ogwira akhoza anakhala nthawi iliyonse kuti kugula chinthu kapena lopeza ndalama kwa eni malonda. Iwo yodziwika ndi liquidity mtheradi. Nawonso ndalama yochepa - chuma kuti olimba akhoza pafupifupi aliyense mphindi kuzindikira mabungwe ena azachuma, nthawi zina, ndipo anthu. Choncho, iwo akhoza zololeka zimachitika chuma zotheka.

Features wa gulu A2 wa chuma

Gulu lotsatira la chuma - amene ali m'magulu monga mwamsanga akuyendera. Kwa iwo kale amatanthauza gulu olandila zimene ziyenera chimatha mkati miyezi 12 kuchokera nthawi ya mapangidwe muyezo pepala kapena lina limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwinobwino za chuma ndi.

zinthu izi ndi mokwanira kwambiri madzi Komabe, bwanji mofulumira iwo akhoza akuyendera, zimadalira kwenikweni pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana imene pali nkhani olandila, mawu a nzeru ankayendetsa zachuma pakati pa zipani kuti iwowo, a solvency a chipani anakakamizika.

chuma A3 Gulu

Gulu lotsatira chuma - izo basi katundu yemweyo pang'onopang'ono akuyendera, kapena anthu zokhudza gulu A3. Kwa iwo kale monga inventories, komanso VAT, amene ali mutu malipilo ndi boma.

The liquidity enieni a kalembera wa chimadalira kwenikweni mphamvu ya ogula kufunika kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi kampani. Pankhaniyi, matabwa ake akhale nanu pamene pang'onopang'ono kwambiri chuma ndi, komanso iwo amene ali mankhwala yodziwika ndi kufunika kwambiri mkulu, chifukwa mwachidwi wachinsinsi mu apamwamba mlingo wa liquidity - ngakhale kuti A1, koma ndithu mwinanso A2.

Choncho, mtundu amatanthauzanso m'kagulu chuma pa malo zina ndi izi kuonjezera yekha Mwachangu wonse wa kusanthula ntchito chuma kumalo a ntchito.

A3 Gulu katundu monga pankhani: kodi kulunjika awo?

Mwina kudziŵika kuti takambirana magawo atatu a chuma ndi mwambo wawo wachinsinsi monga panopa. Iwo yodziwika ndi mbali wamba - luso kusintha kapangidwe wake monga mbali ya m'zinthu zina kupanga.

Monga mmene msanga kudzachitika chuma panopa makamaka anatsimikiza ndi mphamvu ya njira malonda chitukuko ntchito. Zimachitika kuti chuma cha pang'onopang'ono akuyendera patatha mlandu umodzi, m'malo mwadzidzidzi kusintha akuwakonda ku msika. zitsanzo zofanana kungakhale cyclical m'chilengedwe - mwachitsanzo, ngati izo zikanakhala mankhwala nyengo kapena anthu Pamaso pa kudziŵa mtengo kugulitsa ndi kudalira kwambiri ndalama mitundu kusinthasintha kusinthitsa ndalama.

chuma A4 gulu

Gulu lina la zinthu zoti zikhoza kusanthula mu chimango cha potaya mphamvu ya chitsanzo cha vuto la zachuma la kumalo a ntchito, - illiquid. Kwa iwo zambiri monga chuma sanali panopa, ndi nkhani olandila, zimene ziyenera lolipiridwa ndi chipani unkayenera mu miyezi yoposa 12 pambuyo kusanthula zizindikiro chuma kumalo a ntchito. Omwe sanali panopa katundu monga chuma, zida ndi zinthu zina zimene anapeza ndi kampani ya gulu la ndondomeko kupanga.

Kwenikweni, kufunika kutaya chuma funso, pali, monga ulamuliro, ngati liquidation kapena ziŵalo ogwira ntchito mu njira ya pophatikizana kapena kupeza.

Choncho, tinaphunzira kodi chuma cha mtundu A3 - chuma anagulitsa pang'onopang'ono, ndi makhalidwe ena amene ali m'magulu ntchito mfundo wamba mu malo ano a zachuma. Iwo akhala akugwira kuganizira mmene chuma angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu kusanthula ntchito chuma ogwira ntchito mu ntchito.

Chuma mu kusanthula zizindikiro zachuma: mokoma

Lililonse la chuma nkhani ya kusanthula zizindikiro za ntchito zachuma za bungwe chingapezeke pokhapokha ngati poyerekeza awo ndi zizindikiro za kufunika kwa ngongole zina la kampani. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi monga muyezo osiyana. Choncho, pali ngongole:

• kwambiri mwamsanga (ngongole P1);
• Yochepa (P2);
• yaitali (P3);
• zonse (S4).

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo maudindo amene ndi zofunika kubweza m'miyezi 3. Wachiwiri - ngongole kuti ayenera zoperewerazo miyezi 3 1 chaka. ngongole yaitali amafuna alipire mu nthawi imene kuposa chaka chimodzi. Kupitiriza udindo - ndi, makamaka, Share likulu la kampaniyo, anapitiriza zasungidwa, ndalama kwa nthawi m'tsogolo.

Nanga pang'onopang'ono anazindikira ndi chuma ena kusanthula poyerekezera ndi mtengo wa ngongole? Tiyeni kuphunzira funso ili mwatsatanetsatane.

Chuma ndi ngongole mu kusanthula moyenera pepala: mokoma

Pakati pa zachuma anthu ambiri, malinga ndi zimene muyezo wa bungwe kuoneka ngati madzi kwathunthu, ngati:

• Zinthu monga A1 ndi wamkulu kuposa kapena wolingana ndi ngongole monga A1;
• chuma A2-mtundu, nayenso, amagwirizana ukulu kapena kuposa P2 udindo;
• ndi muyeso si anati chuma pang'onopang'ono ngongole nthawi yaitali;
• chuma illiquid n'komwe kapena ofanana ndi ngongole nthawi zonse.

Kukachitika kuti amalembedwa ubale zimapezeka, ndi Investor kapena munthu wina aliyense chidwi, mwachitsanzo ngongole akhoza kuzindikira dzuwa la kumalo a ntchito.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti ngati anaona woyamba osachepera 3 magawanidwe, ndipo udzapereka 4, ndi izi zikutanthauza kuti gulu ali okwanira kuchuluka kwa kufalitsidwa njira kupeza kwambiri ndalama mwanzeru. Nayenso ngati chiŵerengero cha woyamba 3 si anati mu zizindikiro wa kuwunika chuma cha chuma ndi ngongole, kungasonyeze kuti olimba ndi ulamuliro chitsanzo si kothandiza kwambiri, ndi pepala lake bwino amakhala ndi liquidity otsika.

Pankhaniyi, chakuti Mwachitsanzo, pang'onopang'ono chuma bwino zogwirizana, mwina sizikutanthauza kuti zinthu zina pa kampani zokwanira. Childs, pa ndondomeko kupanga mtundu wina wa kalembera si m'malo ena, ngati ife sindikuyankhula, ndithudi, za mtengo chuma chipukuta misozi.

Chiŵerengero cha chuma ndi ngongole: mokoma

Pali Njira zina amayang'anitsitsa mphamvu ya chitsanzo yopanga kumalo a ntchito.

Choncho, tingathe yodziwika monga mkulu ngati Uwerenge P1 ndi P2 ngongole zochepa chuma A1. Nayenso solvency kampani akhoza imawunikidwa monga mogwirizana ndi mlingo mkulu ngati Uwerenge P1 ndi P2 ngongole zochepa chuma chimachititsa A1 ndi A2.

Komabe, ngati Nkhani njira zina mozungulira, ndiye kuchuluka popangidwa ndi kuwonjezera magawo P1 ndi P2 ali wamkulu kuposa kuti akamagwira Kuwonjezera A1 ndi A2, koma pasanathe Uwerenge A1, A2 ndi A3, solvency akhoza yodziwika kukhala chovomerezeka zinthu zachilendo msika. Mu chochitika cha mavuto motsimikiza mwina kale mavuto ena ndi udindo utumiki.

Nayenso ngati Uwerenge A1, A2 ndi A3 n'chochepa kuposa kuti anapanga chifukwa cha Kuwonjezera ngongole P1 ndi P2, malonda chitsanzo zikhoza imawunikidwa awo sangayankhidwe zochokera chakuti kampani ali Mwina mkulu kuona vuto yokonza ngongole ku chuma cha.

chidule

Kotero, ife kuyang'ana pa icho, chimene ndi mfundo za gulu la chuma cha kumalo a ntchito, komanso nanga cholinga cha kusanthula awo. Mwa pang'onopang'ono chuma kudziŵidwa makamaka inventories Makampani deduct VAT ndi zinthu zina, yodziwika ndi mitengo chimodzimodzi zolowa. Komabe, n'zomveka yocheza owonjezera mtundu gulu la chuma chogwirizana chifukwa liquidity awo akhoza zimasiyana kwambiri, zochokera makhalidwe mu kufunika kwa mankhwala makamaka. Ndipo mukhoza Mwachitsanzo, zinthu nyengo.

Mu kusanthula Mwachangu chuma ogwira ntchito monga chitsanzo kupanga A1, A2 ndi zina chuma panopa, pang'onopang'ono pakati pawo, n'zomveka kuti tikambirane pa nkhani ya poyerekeza ndi mtengo wa ngongole ya kampani. Ambiri, kulandiridwa ndi owonjezera zakale pa masika. Komabe, ngati ndi choncho, amaganiza kuti chuma illiquid zokhudzana ndi mtundu wa A4 adzakhala zochepa okhazikika ngongole - amene ali m'magulu monga P4 udindo.