History of zidole Khirisimasi Russia. Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa zidole Khirisimasi ana

Chaka Chatsopano - ndi nthawi yaitali patchuthi ambiri, zonse, chaka ndi chaka, yokondweretsa ife ndi mphatso, maganizo ndi malingaliro atsopano. akulu ndi ana chikondi chachikulu, wodzazidwa ndi zolemba kuwala ndi matsenga chochitika Fairy-nthano ndi kuyamba kukonzekera izo kale pakuwonekera kwake.

Pa sitolo maalumali kuoneka yowala Khirisimasi mipira, tinsel siliva ndi nkhata zamaluwa. Ndipo m'nyumba iliyonse ndi mabungwe ambiri kuthamangira anapereka chokongoletsedwa Christmas Tree.

makhalidwe onsewa chikondwerero akhala bwino kwa ife. Ndipo anthu ochepa kuganizira zimene mbiri ya zidole Chaka Chatsopano ndi chifukwa panali mwambo kukhazikitsa ndi kukongoletsa mtengo tchuthi.

Gwero: mwambo azikongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi

Pali nthano zambiri amene amafotokoza za chifukwa mtengo yobiriwira anali lingaliro kuvomerezedwa wokondedwa yozizira holide.

Modern chizolowezi azikongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mwachindunji ndi miyambo ya chipembedzo.

Koma mbiri ya zidole za Khirisimasi ndi zokongoletsa yobiriwira mtengo ali mizu, wochokera kale kuwuka kwa Chikhristu. mwambo uwu unachokera mu masiku ano Europe.

mafuko achikunja German ankakhulupirira kuti kuli mizimu yoipa. mphamvu Special mabungwe awa anatenga madzulo kukuzizira koopsa. Ndipo kuti mizimu, ndi ku Germany anapita ku nkhalango kukongoletsa Oil, omwe ankati anakhala mphamvu zoipa. Zipatso ndipo zosiyanasiyana maswiti, amene kuwala kulemera nkhuni, nakhala zinachitika la masiku Khirisimasi zokongoletsa mtengo. Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri ya yatsoka a zidole za Khirisimasi.

Kenako, mwambo anapitiriza chipembedzo cha chikhristu, koma inavala nkhani zosiyana.

Mwambo wa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi mu Russia

History of zidole Khirisimasi inayamba mu Russia kuyambira 1700, pamene wokonzanso kwambiri ndi mpainiya Peter anabweretsa mu dziko ku Europe, mwambo zokongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi. Mu nyumba iliyonse kapena pabwalo m'nyengo yozizira tsopano akuyenera kukhala conifer.

"Mu panja wamkulu, ife mwadala nyumba za zipata kuikamo zokongoletsa ku mtengo, ndipo nthambi ya paini, spruce ndi mlombwa" - kuwerenga lamulo, yolembedwa ndi dzanja la woyamba Onse-Russian Mfumu.

Pang'onopang'ono, mwambo watenga mizu ndi mbiri ya zidole Chaka Chatsopano mu Russia alandira kale chitukuko yake.

anachita pamene chidole galasi?

Ngati ife kulankhula za zidole masiku chaka chatsopano, mbiri ya maonekedwe awo kumayambira Germany.

Ngakhale pamaso pa chiyambi cha 1800s ankagwiritsa ntchito monga mtedza zokongoletsera, zipatso, maswiti, makeke. History of zidole Khirisimasi mu Chiyambi chake.

Kupanga galasi zidole Khirisimasi inayamba mu yaing'ono German m'tauni ya Lauscha. Apa inali ndi kuwomba ndi fakitale wakale, umene umabala magalasi, zipanda, Miphika, mikanda ndi ziwiya zina za m'nyumba.

Mu 1848 iye anapangidwa woyamba galasi mpira - ndi zinachitika wa zidole zamakono Khirisimasi mtengo. Ndipo kenako mu 1867, anatsegula mu Lauscha ano chifukwa kuti gasworks nthawi. Ndi glassmakers mpweya amakhoza kuwomba balloons ndi Chimaona makoma oposatu.

Choncho anayamba mbiri ya chilengedwe cha Khirisimasi zidole galasi - wotchuka mtengo Khirisimasi zokongoletsa lero.

Pa m'dera la kwathu zokongoletsa tchuthi dziko anayamba kutulutsa pamlingo mafakitale yekha pa First World nkhondo. Klinskaya fakitale "Herringbone" anamasula mipira choyamba, amene ndiye kuti amapezeka pafupifupi m'nyumba iliyonse.

Pre-chosintha chidole

Fashion kwa Khirisimasi zokongoletsa anaonekera mu Russia kwa zaka za m'ma 19 pamene Mfumukazi Alexandra Feodorovna. Zinali dzina lake kugwirizana ndi mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa zidole Khirisimasi m'dziko lathu. Nthawi yoyamba atavala mtengo Khirisimasi ndi zokongoletsa owala, anapanga makamaka chifukwa cha ichi, ngati zachitidwa mu Europe.

Galasi zidole anali panthawiyo, nzika olemera okha. anthu wamba zokongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ndi njira improvised - mtedza, ntchito zamanja ndi mtengo.

Mu chisanadze chosintha Russia anali wotchuka zidole Khirisimasi pepala wandiweyani - otchedwa Dresden makatoni. Iwo anali mankhwala chochuluka, wa amachepetsa awiri glued makatoni wachikuda.

Azikongoletsa ntchito monga zidole anapanga thonje: angelo mafano, ana, oyendetsa - ndi chimango zitsulo mkati.

Galasi ndi dongo mipira zinkachokera ku nthawi imeneyo ku Russia makamaka Germany. Iwo anali wosiyana zamakono - la galasi wakuda ndi kulemedwa kwambiri mwachizolowezi ife zodzikongoletsera.

mtengo Soviet Khirisimasi chidole

M'mabanja ambiri mu chaka chatsopano ndi mabokosi zodzikongoletsera angapezeke mankhwala kupanga Soviet. Mabaibulo wotchuka kwambiri nthawi imeneyi anali akuda icicles, pulasitiki ndi galasi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, chimanga pa chisononkho monga chidina wa Khrushchev nyengo.

History of zidole Khirisimasi mu nyengo ya Soviet chimakhudzana ndi malingaliro a nthawi. Zokongoletsa nthawi imeneyi ndi zithunzi za atsogoleri cholinga thematic ndi ofunika pa ogulitsa zosowa zakale ali osachepera mipira, amene m'badwo zaka zoposa zana.

Zitasintha, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali azikongoletsa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi zinali zoletsedwa. Ankaona msonkho miyambo Western, chipembedzo ndi kutiletsa.

Kupanga Khirisimasi zokongoletsa pamlingo mafakitale inayamba mu 1935, pamene lamulo la Presidium ya Mtengo wa Khirisimasi inali yololedwa anabwerera kunyumba za nzika za Soviet Union monga chowonjezera chikondwerero.

Palibe akhoza kulenga chikondwerero zamatsenga m'mlengalenga monga furry mtengo chokongoletsedwa ndi zidole osiyanasiyana iridescent. Woyamba Soviet Chaka Chatsopano cikondwelelo cimene cinali kungocitika mu 1937 mu Nyumba ya mabungwe.

Nthawi zambiri pa nthawi iyi ntchito monga zokongoletsa amamwa zidole anapanga pepala, zikatoni, papier-mâché.

Komabe, mu 1930s malemu - 1940s oyambirira kupangidwa mafakitale anayamba kukhala, ndipo ngakhale zaka kovuta ya nkhondo yachiwiri sanaime. zidole Chaka Chatsopano anachita zosiyanasiyana zinyalala mankhwala: waya, nsalu zachipatala, thonje ubweya.

Popeza kudza kwa ulamuliro mu nthawi ya m'firiji pamtunda Khrushchev mu zodzikongoletsera Khirisimasi kuli mabodza. Koma tsopano akuyamba kubala zidole ndi banja nkhani za ulimi. Pa Chaka Chatsopano ubweya mitengo Tingaone kaloti, nkhaka, chimanga pa chisononkho, samovars ndi nsapato. Nthawi imeneyi, tinayamba kupangidwa, amene zatchuka zidole Khirisimasi - icicles.

History of zidole Khirisimasi ana mu nthawi ya Soviet, zachitika mwakhama kwambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, amabala zokongoletsera ambiri mu mawonekedwe a ngwazi za nthano: Humpbacked Hatchi, Red atakwera nyumba, yosawoneka nyama pang'ono ndi attics chokongoletsedwa mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi pafupifupi kunyumba Soviet.

Post-Soviet mtengo chidole

Utatha wa mbiri USSR zidole Khirisimasi analandira wozungulira atsopano chitukuko. katundu anayamba kukakamiza mankhwala zoweta msika. Tsopano koposa pa chaka chatsopano ubweya mitengo Ukadawaona mipira wachikuda ndi cones kupanga yachilendo.

Galasi zidole anayamba kutaya kufunika kwake chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo. Iwo m'malo ndi mankhwala ndi bwino ndipo mtengo zopangidwa pulasitiki ndi akiliriki.

Mu 1990s themed zidole kupanga zoweta anali kwambiri zochepa. Panali mafashoni kwa kukhulupirira nyenyezi, ndipo nthawi zambiri mu masitolo angapezeke zokongoletsa ndi zomata, zithunzi za zinyama, anthu akubwera chaka.

Mu 2000s oyambirira, anadza mafashoni kwa Minimalism, ndi, makamaka, ndi European zizolowezi wokonda moyo wodzimana ikuoneka zidole Khirisimasi.

Lero, monga, mafashoni Chalk kwa Chaka Chatsopano kulibe. Pamene mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi yokongola nthawi zambiri kumutsogolera makongoletsedwe makamaka chonse mkati komanso zokonda zake kukoma.

Zosangalatsa za zidole Chaka Chatsopano

• M'nkhondo World Ndakupatsani mtengo Khirisimasi analetsedwa: mwambo anali kugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe German; Choncho anapatsidwa nkhani zandale m'dziko ndipo dziko pa lalikulu, mwambo kwabasi mtengo Khirisimasi pa nthawi yotayika kufunika kwake.
• Ndi chidwi kuti mkubwela kwa mphamvu Soviet, mu nthawi ya ambiri Reformation mu Russia kukhazikitsa kunyumba mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi ndi kukongoletsa ndi zidole sizinali zofunika; Chikhalidwe ichi amakuona ngati "chidina wa chipembedzo", zomwe sizikugwirizana mu lingaliro wonse wa kumanga dongosolo achikominisiti dziko, free ku chiphunzitso Mkhristu.
• Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka wa zidole Khirisimasi ana mosasintha kugwirizana ndi makhalidwe Fairy-nthano: mawonekedwe a ntchito Pushkin kwa ana zopezeka zifanizo za Khirisimasi zidole kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19.

kamangidwe options Popular mitengo Khirisimasi

Chimodzi mwa zosankha otchuka pa Khirisimasi mitengo kapangidwe ndi zidole kukongoletsa osakaniza mitundu iwiri: buluu ndi siliva, ofiira ndi golide, woyera ndi buluu. Kuti muwone amenewa ntchito mipira olimba-mtundu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zidole mawonekedwe a mauta kapena makandulo.

Komabe, olimba-mtundu kapangidwe options pang'onopang'ono kuzimiliramo chakumbuyo chimakankhira zokongoletsa yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri. Mafashoni ndi Akasakaniza, kaphatikizidwe m'njira zosiyana ndi mawonekedwe.

Mvula ndi tinsel, otchuka mu Soviet Union ndipo pambuyo Soviet, lero anataya kufunika kwake. A zosinthika wamba - Mtengo wa Khirisimasi yokongola ndi mikanda ndi mipira kalembedwe chomwecho.

Chimodzi mwa kukanikiza mumaganiza n'zosamveka zidole Chaka Chatsopano anapanga ndi manja awo. The zinthu zilili - Khirisimasi mtengo yokongola zosiyanasiyana maswiti: makeke mu mikate yowala glaze.

Okonda ofunda ndi momasuka mu zolemba za njira mkati mlengi angayamikire zidole zopangidwa mwake.

kuchita zidole Chaka Chatsopano ndi chiyani?

zidole masiku ano yosiyanasiyana ndipo nthawi zambiri Musatenge tanthauzo iliyonse. Yaikulu kusankha mosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu mmaso ndipo n'zotheka kuti akonze zikuchokera omveka.

Komabe, poyamba iliyonse chidole ananyamula image, zolowana kuti Chikhristu.

zidole Chaka Chatsopano akuimira:

• makandulo - kuwala kwauzimu, nsembe ya Khristu;
• mipira - Adamu apulo;
• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba - chonde mu chaka chikubwerachi;
• belu - amulet kuti amateteza mphamvu za mdima ndi ndifotokoze mavuto;
• kuwumbidwa mikate ndi makeke - mkate wopanda chotupitsa umene ntchito pa Mgonero wa Ambuye;
• nyenyezi pamwamba pa mitengo Khirisimasi - nyenyezi ya Betelehemu, Amagi kuti mwachindunji njira kuti wakhanda Yesu.

zinthu wamba

Masiku ano, mtengo wa pa Khirisimasi zokongoletsa - sikuti Chalk kuti ntchito kupanga Chaka Chatsopano mtengo. Zoseweretsa ali yekha ndipo anapangidwa buku limodzi.

zokongoletsera Awa ndi ndalama zambiri ndipo ndi chinthu cha kaduka ndi chilakolako cha okhometsa ambiri.

Wapatali anapangidwa ndi zidole woonda bwino galasi, m'manja-utoto. Iwo amayang'ana woyengeka kwambiri komanso yokongola ndi oyenera osati zokongoletsa mtengo Christmas, komanso yosangalala chokongoletsera mkati.

Kuyenera mwambo wotchuka kwambiri kuti azipereka mtengo zodzikongoletsera mtengo Khirisimasi monga mphatso kwa chaka chatsopano. zidole awa adzakhala azikongoletsa mtengo uliwonse ndi kukhala kunyada yamphamvu la mwini.