Zopangapanga mu USSR: woyamba asanu Zaka Plan

Woyamba zaka zisanu dongosolo - pokhapo titachitapo anangotchula wa dongosolo loyamba zaka zisanu monga mbali ya mafakitale yaukapolo wa USSR mu mochedwa 1930s. Chifukwa nthawi imeneyi, dziko analandira wamphamvu mafakitale msilikali zovuta.

ndi chiyembekezo cha amakakamizidwa mafakitale Kodi Soviet Union? The analephera Policy Chatsopano Economic, kapena NEP, womwe ndi vuto la zogula tirigu mu zaka 1927-1928, zinachititsa chigamulo cha kusintha utsogoleri mu ndondomeko ya zachuma ndi chiyambi cha kusintha kwa dongosolo lonse la Union.

Pa Plan Choyamba zisanu-Chaka - 1928 (tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo) - 1932 (tsiku lomalizira, mwachitsanzo kuchita ntchito zonse gawo loyamba la mafakitale).

Pa kusintha kwa malamulo atsopano ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa woyamba dongosolo zaka zisanu izo zinapangidwa pa Conference 16 wa CPSU (b). Woyamba dongosolo zaka zisanu inayamba mu October 1928. Ndi pamene dongosolo Analeredwa, koma sinali zolinga bwino.

Kodi zolinga anapereka palokha boma la USSR? Choyamba, kunali koyenera kugonjetsa luso ndi backwardness onse a dziko; Chachiwiri, Soviet Union anafunikira kuchotsa kudalira chuma, makamaka pa katundu asilikali; Chachitatu, pamaso mphamvuyo inali yofunika kwambiri: kulenga lankhondo lamphamvu zedi-mafakitale zovuta; Lachinayi mafakitale anali kupereka maziko amphamvu collectivization.

Woyamba dongosolo zaka zisanu ali ndi makhalidwe ake kuti:

• kukula mkulu (mafakitale amatchedwa "amakakamizidwa");
• deadlines (a mafoni wotchuka "Perekani 5 yrs mu zaka 4!);
• disproportion kutukuka: ndi predominance wa makampani katundu pa kuunika;
• kukhazikitsa mafakitale likuvutika ndalama m'banja.

atsogoleri Soviet kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse kukopa anthu kuti misa "kumanga malo." Mazana a anthu, powona kuyitana msonkhano, kutumiza namanga mafakitale, anaika njanji nawo ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu. Mu nthawi iyi, panali gulu la odziwika zithunzi Soviet zimene zimasonyeza akamanena za manyazi a anthu pa nthawi imeneyo.

Komanso pa Plan woyamba asanu Zaka unayambitsidwa collectivization, amene anali limodzi ndi dispossession. M'chaka chachiwiri cha dongosolo loyamba zaka zisanu kenako adzatchedwa "chaka cha kusintha kwakukulu." Komabe, sikuti aliyense amadziwa zimene mtengo analenga minda losonkhanitsidwa ndi mafakitale. Ndi angati losauka mabanja akhala akumanidwa nyumba, mmene anthu ambiri anafa ndi kuzizira ...

Mu 1932, kumapeto kwa woyamba Plan asanu Zaka. Zotsatira zake zinali motere:

• wamphamvu chitetezo zovuta wakhala analenga;
• Iwo kunatha ulova;
• ufulu chuma Soviet Union wakhala akwaniritsa;
• panali dongosolo anakonza chuma Soviet Union ;
• ndondomeko zisanu lakusonkhezerani chitukuko kwambiri dziko.

Woyamba asanu Zaka Plan wakhala bwino mawu a ntchito: kulenga DnieproGES, Uralmash, panali chimphona zomera zitsulo, kuphatikizapo zomera Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk ndi Norilsk. Anatsegula yapansi choyamba mu Moscow, anayamba ntchito thalakitala mafakitale ku Stalingrad ndi Kharkov. Choncho, USSR anali chachikulu asilikali mphamvu ndi ufulu mafakitale.