Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia: kufotokoza, mbiri, gawo ndi chidwi mfundo

Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia - yokumba boma mapangidwe, amene anaonekera mu Europe nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa cha mokwiya ya ulamuliro wa Hitler ndipo anapitiriza kulibe mpaka mapeto a Nkhondo pa dera la Czechoslovakia.

Malinga akuluakulu a Ulamuliro wa Nazi Protectorate ankaimira zofuna za anthu Chijeremani ya mayiko amenewa, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri a m'dera lino anali mtundu Czechs.

kuyambira

Kumayambiriro October 1938 zotsatirazi kusaina sikapangano Munich, dera Sudetenland la Czechoslovakia anali linalanda ndi Nazi Germany. miyezi isanu pambuyo analanda dziko la Pulezidenti Czechoslovakia a Emile Gahu iye anaitanidwa kuti Berlin, kumene Hitler adamuyitana Iye kutenga yogwiritsa ntchito Czechoslovakia popanda kukana zida.

Yankhani Gahu analibe phindu lililonse. The inalowa la Czechoslovakia kwa Germany kwavomelezedwa pasadakhale ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba Ulamuliro wa Nazi ndipo anadikira yachisanu, Germany anayamba analanda dziko.

analanda dziko

March 13, 1939 mu periodicals onse German zinatuluka zipangizo ankati kusonyeza chithandizo woipa mtima wa Czechs ku Germany ndi kupondereza TV German. Pa March 15, pa Gradchinoy - rezidentsikey akale Czech mafumu - anali kuwulutsa mbendera German. Pa nthawi yomweyo ulemu zonse za dziko la Germany linalanda Bohemia ndi Moravia. The gawo lachitatu la dziko - Slovakia - anali salembedwa palokha, koma kwenikweni komanso ankadalira Germany. The analanda dziko inatha.

Mu March 1939, lamulo yosainidwa ndi Adolf Hitler, malinga ndi ziti munthu wa Czechoslovakia kale anagwa pansi protectorate lapansi. Bohemia ndi Moravia anakhala ndale, chuma ndi chikhalidwe amadalira Germany. Pa dera la Protectorate anachita lamulo German, dziko lolamulidwa ndi zidole-tizilomboto dziko. The Czechs analibe ake ankhondo omwe mkati mwa asilikali zonse komanso anachotsedwa - tsopano kusamalira chitetezo cha malire a Czechoslovakia anatenga Germany.

Mphamvu wamkulu mu dziko anali kuyang'anira mwapadera yoikidwiratu Ulamuliro wa Nazi Mtetezi. The koyamba positi, Konstantin von Neurath. Panali akadali pulezidenti ankati lotsogoleredwa ndi Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia. Mu moyo wa maphunziro onse anakhalabe pulezidenti wa lake Emile Gahu.

Kulimbikitsa udindo wa

Poyamba, mphamvu ya Nazi Germany angatchedwe zolimbitsa. Kumene, maphwando ambiri inaletsedwa, ndi Ayuda onse m'dziko akhala anachotsedwa posts awo, natisunthitsa mobisa. Komabe, dzikoli ntchito mabizinezi, sukulu anatseguka, ndi mabuku zisudzo. Koma m'kupita kwa dziko wataya a zotsala za ufulu wachipembedzo ndi anakhala mafuta a ogwira ntchito za ulamuliro wa Hitler.

malamulo achisilikali

Pang'onopang'ono, zinthu zinasintha. Nkhondo mudakhumudwapo, ndi Germany anafunika kuchuluka chachikulu cha ntchito wotchipa. Ndilo gwero Kufikika pakuti iyi inali Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia.

Pakuti kasamalidwe makampani m'magawo mukukhala m'madi- apadera bungwe. The Czechs ankayenera kugwira ntchito mu migodi, zitsulo ndi chitetezo makampani, gawo la achinyamata Czech anatumizidwa ku Germany. Kupanga katundu ogula kugwa, amapereka mphamvu anatumizidwa ku dziko la Germany. Pakuti anthu bungwe chakudya ndi masitampu chakudya.

October 28 lonse la Czechoslovakia misa zionetsero wagwedeza anzeru ndi ophunzira. Zionetsero zotsutsana ntchito German. anachita German boma Nthawi yomweyo. Anayamba kuukira misa ndi kumangidwa kwa adani ndale ndi nzika zolimbikira. November 17, zasekondale ndi apamwamba sukulu zinatsekedwa. atsogoleri Student anamangidwa ndipo kenako kuphedwa. Mazana a anthu kwaulere mayesero anali ku ndende - monga momwe yekha "zofewa" Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia.

Nthawi ya 1939-1945.

Chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World kuika lonse zachuma ndi chikhalidwe moyo Czechoslovakia pa nkhondo maziko. Pofuna kuteteza zionetsero pang'ono ndi machitidwe a kusamvera, wakhala kwathunthu kachiwiri adapanga magulu ochuluka omwe ankalamulira protectorate.

Bohemia ndi Moravia anakhala ntchito siteji ya mmodzi wa othandizana yogwira Ulamuliro wa Nazi, Reinhardt Heydrich. Anaikidwa Mkulu wa Asilikali Security Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Zidole nduna yaikulu ya Protectorate, anamangidwa ndipo kenako anamuombera - ankati ntchito odana ndi German. Boma Czech wakhala kusungunuka, ndi a boma mabungwe ena onse atsekedwa.

apolisi German ndi mphamvu SS anapezerapo kuzunzidwa kwa Ayuda ndi anthu otsutsa. anthu onse a mtundu Ayuda anatengedwa kupita ku ndende zozunzirako ndi m'tauni ya Terezin ghetto unapangidwa bungwe, amene analipo mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo. Posachedwa Heydrich anavulazidwa ndipo patapita nthawi anamwalira. m'malo mwake, Kurt Daluege, anapitiriza malamulo a kupondereza. midzi iwiri - Lidice ndi Ležáky - anaziwonongeratu, ndi okhala - mpirawo.

The makina a kupondereza, kuzunzidwa ndi kupereka zinthu nthawi zonse. zida kuonetsa lotsogoleredwa ndi akapitawo bwino kutsimikiziridwa SS - Max Rozshtok, Richard Schmidt ndi Ernst Hittsegrad. Protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia mu zaka za moyo wawo wataya anthu mazana awiri zikwi aphedwa, kuzunzidwa, akusowa. Kuzungulira 35,000 ogwira Czech mokakamiza anatengedwa kupita ku Germany kukagwira ntchito mu munitions mafakitale.

makonzedwe ufulu

Pansi pa mbendera ya otchedwa kumasulidwa kwa protectorate ya Bohemia ndi Moravia (1939-1945 gg.) I ankayesetsa kuchita zinthu m'bwalo lonse ngati boma palokha. Mu ichi zoyerekeza-kusindikiza ndalama zawo ndipo anapita masitampa. Czechs kuloledwa ngakhale kuti malamulo awo. Ndipo iwo anali mbendera yake protectorate.

Bohemia ndi Moravia mwadzisankhira chikhalidwe mtsogoleri wa dziko wakale Asilavo mitundu - woyera, buluu ndi wofiira. kuphatikiza mitundu - ndi chinthu chokha chimene anapulumuka ku nthawi analanda dziko lapansi. Nkhondo yachiwiri itatha, ndi galu dziko mbendera mbendera kumanzere Czechoslovakia.