Mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO - ndichiyani? Mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO likulu ntchito

Zonse amakhala kusankha. Tuluka kuvina kapena masewero olimbitsa thupi, ndi kuvala chovala kapena biriwita (amuna, ndithudi, ndi kosavuta), kugula yogurt kapena kanyumba tchizi mchere? Pakuti njira zonsezi yaitali inati akatswiri mu minda osiyana: Chaanthu, maganizo, malonda ndi chuma basi.

Mu microeconomics, pali chiphunzitso cha mlingo mmphepete wa M'MALO. Ndi tanthauzo, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu wa mtundu womwewo, kumene wogula akugwirizana kusiya mokomera kugula mankhwala wina. Timanena osati popanda za zodabwitsazi.

Chifukwa microeconomics?

Kumasulira kwa Greek "microeconomics" - malamulo a ulimi "nyumba yaing'ono". mavuto a kulima, katundu ndi kusankha amakampani chuma cha zosiyanasiyana umwini ndi banja yosavuta - kuti ndi nkhani yaikulu mu microeconomics.

sayansi ndi ongolankhula, koma limakupatsani kufotokoza pafupifupi njira zonse zachuma zikuchitika mmadera.

Malo opatsa chidwi amatchedwa microeconomics:
• Vuto la ogula.
• vuto opanga galimotoyo.
• Mafunso a msika mgwirizano.
• Chiphunzitso cha katundu anthu.
• Mafunso a mphamvu ya chilengedwe kunja.

Lingaliro la "mlingo mmphepete mwa M'MALO chuma" amatanthauza basi dera la mavuto microeconomics ndi kuvumbitsira N'zosavuta kuyankha mafunso.

chiphunzitso zofunikira

Chiphunzitso cha zinthu zofunikira limanena kuti kugula aliyense unit wa malonda, ogula amathetsa zosowa zawo. Kotero, izo zakhala pang'ono wosangalala. Zokhumba akatswiri onse m'dziko pamapeto pake umalimbana kupanga anthu kukhala osangalala.

Panopa, pamene pali zofunikira chiphunzitso: kadinala ndi ordinal. Woyamba amaganiza kuti zofunikira za katundu mowa kwenikweni kuwerenga. Chiphunzitsochi limatchedwa kuchuluka chiphunzitso cha zofunikira. Gululi amanena kuti phindu la mowa mankhwala amayezedwa mayunitsi - zofunikira.

Chachiwiri, ordinal kapena wachibale chiphunzitso zofunikira, iye ananena kuti ogula akuyerekeza ubwino (zofunikira) kumwa katundu ndi phindu chomwecho ku mowa ena. Ziri kulankhula, nthawi iliyonse kusankha pakati pa khofi ndi muffin ndi kola ndi Hamburger, ife kusankha zomwe akhala akugwira kwambiri pa nthawiyo. Mu chimango cha chiphunzitso cha relativity ndi zofunikira anaonekera mlingo mmphepete wa M'MALO.

tanthauzo

M'dziko amayesetsa bwino. uthunthu wathu wa mankhwala - yotero. Kugula chinthu chimodzi, ife bwino kusiya ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndife otsimikiza kuti anagula akhala akugwira kuposa lamanzere pa shelufu. Mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO katundu amatipatsa kumvetsa mmene ena "zinthu" n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa ena. Kumene, aliyense wa ife ali zokonda zawo ndi zofunika kwambiri. Koma lingaliro limeneli zotengera malingaliridwe si oyenera chuma. Amafuna njira zowombetsa mkota.

Mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO ndi wofanana ndi kusintha wachibale chiwerengero cha katundu kudyedwa. Chilinganizo kwalembedwa motere: Mai = (Y ₂ - Y ₁₎ / (× ₂ - × _1).

Kusintha mowa (ntchito) katundu X ndi Y amatilola mumakumbukira nthawi za zokonda za ogula, komanso kulankhula za ukulu wa mtengo wa katundu. Chinthu chokha chimene angathe kuyeza mchiphunzitso mankhwala kusankha, ndi mtengo wake. Onse makhalidwe ena a mankhwala ndi zifukwa kusankha ake ndi zotengera malingaliridwe kwambiri. Pofuna m'malo item wina ndi wosuta wina ayesera kusunga ndalama ndalama pa mlingo chomwecho. A bwino - kuchepetsa kudya ndalama.

mphwayi pamapindikira

Salabadira zokhotakhota Mwachitsanzo likulowa zosiyanasiyana za madalitso amene accrue kwa ogula. Pa nthawi yomweyo tikulankhula kuti ogula sindikusamala chimene mankhwala kusankha. Mwachitsanzo, kusankha pakati maapulo ndi malalanje, mabasi ndi magalimoto kapena maulendo malonda. Chiwerengero cha axles katundu poyerekeza (X-olamulira Mwachitsanzo, tiyi, ndi Y-olamulira - makeke) anasonyeza ndege.

Pa mapeto a pamapindikira, ife tikuwona ndendende ku maapulo angati wokonzeka kupereka ogula phindu kwa njinga lalanje owonjezera. Ndi mosemphanitsa. Pankhaniyi umene aliyense ndalama mofanana zothandiza pamene kugula katundu mofanana, kunena za maximization zofunikira ndi kugawa zomveka za bajeti ogula T. E. Kumva mlingo mmphepete wa M'MALO. mapendedwe wa ogula kupanga zisankho ndondomeko wa kugula amati, ngati mtengo ndi zosakwana mtengo wa 1 apulo 1 lalanje, ogula amasankha apulo.

Chiphunzitso ambiri a mowa zomveka

Salabadira zokhotakhota zambiri kusonyeza wofanana mmphepete zofunikira. Koma onani kuti mu nkhani kumene zofunikira mmphepete mwa chofunika X kawiri mtengo, koma katundu ndi - katatu. Ogula akupita kugula katundu ku ngakhale mosatengera chakuti ndi wokwera mtengo.

Izi adzachititsa kusokonekera kwa bajeti okwana, T. Kwa. Mtengo wa katundu ndi kuwuka. Mmphepete mlingo wa zofunikira mu nkhani iyi zimatheka ndi "zotsatira za rationalism" ogula amene akufuna apindule pazipita ku kugula. A wogula zomveka zonse amayankha za mmene zinthu ziliri pa msika ndi redistributes malangizo a ndalama.

zina zapadera za zofunikira mmphepete

Mu zachuma kusiyanitsa otchedwa katundu wamba, mankhwala mmalo ndipo amathandiza katundu. The choyamba - mwina substitutable mankhwala (madzi ndi zipatso compote), wachiwiri - kwathunthu m'malo mnzake ( "koka-Cola" ndi "Pepsi-Cola") ndi ena - mankhwala azigwirizana (ballpoint cholembera ndi kulasa izo).

Pakuti milandu onse anafotokoza, phindu lenileni mlingo M'MALO achinsinsi (yekha) choncho. Choncho, ambiri, ndi pamapindikira ndi zoipa otsetsereka kuyambira otukukira kunja kwa nkhwangwa, ndiye imalowetsamo Zithunzi amakhala mzere wolunjika intersecting nkhwangwa. The otsetsereka a mzerewu molunjika chimadalira pa mtengo wa katundu, pamene mlingo wa concavity a pamapindikira anatsimikiza ndi kuthekera m'malo item wina.

Zinthu kupanga ndi mlingo wa M'MALO

Monga mu gawo payekha, mabizinesi, chuma akuyesera younikira zofunikira anagula n'kunyeketsa chuma. Mu nkhani iyi, masamu kuchepetsa mlingo wa M'MALO luso. Mosiyana ndi katundu mu ogula malonda, makampani younikira kusintha chinthu chimodzi kupanga kuonjezera (kuchepa) mu zina. Chiletso amachita buku la linanena bungwe - ayenera kukhala sichinasinthe.

Ambiri chizindikiro - mlingo mmphepete mwa m'malo likulu ntchito. Mukhoza aganyali kupanga ndalama zina, popanda powasamalira kusintha ntchito. Koma mu nkhani iyi limati pa nthawi wina anabwera yafupika kupanga T. K. Kuti tikhalebe pa pamapindikira womwewo wa mphwayi, chinthu chimodzi ayenera kukula zoperewerazo kuchepa kwa ena. Zinthu ndi zosiyana ndi kupanga mankhwala mmphepete. Choncho, makampani ndi kudziwa malire pakati pa zinthu za ulimi.

Mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO zinthu kupanga - chizindikiro kiyi kwa mawerengedwe a dzuwa zachuma amakampani.

Kodi zofunikira mmphepete ndi mlingo wa M'MALO?

Kumene, aliyense phindu mankhwala. Mpaka ina lililonse limakhala motsatizana katundu komanso zimapindulitsa zina. Koma panthawi ina ndi mphamvu kumwa chinthu chimodzi salinso zothandiza. Ndiye ife kulankhula za kufika zofunikira mmphepete katundu.

Mukamasunga mofanana mphwayi pamapindikira ndi kusuntha izo kwina kulikonse, ndiye ife tikhoza kulankhula za chipukuta misozi mankhwala zofunikira: m'munsi kumwa kumam'phunzitsa munthu ndi kuwonjezeka mu kumwa mzake; okwana zofunikira ndi sanasinthe. zofunikira zina ankamuona ngati zofunikira mmphepete aliyense mankhwala. Ndondomeko kwalembedwa motere: Mai = Py / px.

Katundu mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO

• chizindikiritso mmphepete mlingo wa M'MALO - chiŵerengero cha zofunikira za mmphepete katundu ziwiri.

• A mtengo zoipa mlingo mmphepete mwa M'MALO zikutanthauza kuti kuchepa kumwa mankhwala basi amachititsa kuwonjezeka mu ntchito ya wina.

• mlingo Reserve wa M'MALO imatengedwa kokha pamene kusunthira mmwamba ndi pansi pamapindikira ndi mphwayi.

• Onse a kumwamba ndi "ntchito" okha milandu onse (pang'ono mankhwala mosinthana); kuti muwone zonse payekha, khalidwe ili si.