Ankafuna Market. Kufunika limaoneka lokongola. Lamulo la kotunga

sayansi Economic kumafuna angapo mfundo malamulo, malamulo, mitunduyi, malingaliro ndi malingaliro. mawu ngakhale sangakhale olondola mwamtheradi kapena zolakwika. Ndimaganiza iliyonse zachuma amenable kuti tinalakwitsa. Ndipotu, mosiyana ndi masamu, malamulo enieni, monga kawiri awiri ndi anayi, pali chabe ayi.

Ichi ndi chifukwa zinthu zambiri. Chief pakati pawo zobisika chinthu kafukufuku amene wasankhidwa mu sayansi monga kiyi - ubale pakati pa nzika ubale msika.

Kodi kumvetsa izi? Kodi wabwino, si nthawi zonse pamene n'zabwino. Aliyense ubale msika ali mmphepete zake zofunikira chobalidwa, mankhwala, utumiki. Wina umabala ndi munthu amadya.

Nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane msika kufunika, kusowa pamapindikira, zinthu zimene zimakhudza mlingo wake.

mitundu ya kufunika

Kuphunzira sayansi, chuma, nthawi zonse chimayamba ndi kulongosola malingaliro a kapezedwe ndi kufunika. Iwo ali chida podziwa kuti, mungathe kuyamba kufufuza maulalo a zachuma ndi ubale pakati pa gulu msika.

Choncho, kusowa - izo ananena kufunika chabwino chilichonse cha nkhani ubale msika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndalama ya mankhwala ena kuti muyenera, inu kale kulenga ankafuna kuti ndi zabwino.

Komanso ankafuna amadalira msika elasticity, limene limafotokoza ubale wa okwanira ndi kufunika mwa mlingo mtengo pa kufunika wabwino.

Mu munthu lakutali, msika ndi kufunika akaphatikiza. Akusiyana chokha chiwerengero cha ophunzira ndi msika lonse.

Motero, anthu ambiri payekha - ndi kufunika kwa mankhwala, zomwe zili mwa wogula ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngati inu makamaka ayenera thanki, ndi kufunika anu payekha.

ankafuna Market - ichi ndi mtengo wonse zachuma, chomwe chili ndi zingapo ankafuna aliyense payekha. Kudzera mwa mtundu wa kufunika anatsimikiza ndi kufunika kwa KATUNDU wa gulu zina ogula. Ndiko kuti, poyerekeza ndi Maganizo oyamba, ndi zikuluzikulu lingaliro, potsata osati pa limodzi la phunziro ubale msika, koma pa gulu lonse.

Akaphatikiza kufunika - Uwerenge kufunika onse m'deralo, omwe alipo mu msika ena. Tikhoza kunena kuti amakhala ndi kufunika kwa anthu onse zachuma pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma ndege mmodzi wa msika, ndiye ophatikizana kufunika msika.

Kufunika limaoneka lokongola. Lamulo la kotunga

Chuma makhalidwe lililonse malamulo lingaliro ntchito amapeza mitunduyi ndi kupanga chintchito. Momwemo anafotokoza palokha amalamula.

Pansi pa chilamulo cha kufunika amati amanena kuti m'munsi mtengo wa mankhwala, m'pamenenso adzatha kugulitsa mayunitsi, ceteris paribus. The kopanda zikuwoneka ndithu kwathunthu yekha pa Koyamba, koma kuti amalola kuti atenge masitepe oyamba mu kusanthula chuma mfundo za kufunika msika.

Ngati ife tione chinthu monga elasticity wa kufunika, lamulo amakhala sizolondola kwathunthu, koma kwambiri pa akukamba lino.

Kodi zipangizo angagwiritsidwe ntchito yosanthula kufunika msika? Kufunika pamapindikira ntchito udzakhalire zotsatira zopezera zosonkhanitsira deta pa kufunika kwa katundu. Ndi Zithunzi, amene analemba pamaziko a deta za mlingo wa kufunika malingana kusintha mitengo mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo, tili deta zotsatirazi:

mtengo wa misonkhano, USD (R)	mlingo wa kufunika, USD (Q)
11	25
15	22
20	21
25	16

Tiyerekeze kuti tebulo pamwamba akufotokoza kufunika yeniyeni msika. Kufunika pamapindikira adzakhala motere:

Monga mukuonera, kufunika sizingafanane amadalira mtengo wa katundu, ndipo ukufanizidwa ndi pamapindikira a. Mofananamo, mukhoza zimaonetsa kusonyeza kufunika aliyense msika. Kufunika pamapindikira nthawi zonse limasonyeza ndi kudalira Chosowa mtengo msika ophunzira.

ankafuna aone kuti pali

Zikuonekeratu kuti aliyense mtengo limafanana ndi mlingo wa akumufuna. Mu chuma chilichonse, chinthu asayansi tinganene ntchito chilinganizo yeniyeni. Kodi kuziyika izi kwa wathu chinthu kafukufuku?

Kufunika msika pamapindikira, ndi Zithunzi za lopatsidwa pamwamba, tinganene kuti ntchito chilinganizo yeniyeni. Ntchito, inu mosavuta nthawi ina iliyonse kupeza mmene kufunika kuchuluka kwanthawi kusintha mitengo yeniyeni.

Ili ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa otsogolera (Ngopambana) wa malonda, ulamuliro malonda amakampani aliyense, Makampani, makampani amene zikugwira kukhazikitsa china chilichonse. Ndipotu, m'misika kwambiri pali mpikisano, ndi kufuna phindu Tisaiwale kuti atawalamula zikhoza kusintha.

The aone kuti pali kufunika msika pamapindikira akhoza ankaimira motere:

P = × - Y * Q, kumene:

×, Y - magawo amene analandira mwa kupenda boma la msika. "X" - ndizo za mtengo mlingo pa zomwe ankafuna adzakhala wofanana 0. Pa nthawi yomweyo "Y" ndi udindo mlingo wa otsetsereka wachibale olamulira a. Izi zikutanthauza kuti variable chachiwiri Mzimuyo khama limene atawalamula zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kusintha wagawo mtengo.

Zithunzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu mchitidwe

Kugwiritsa aone kuti pali ichi, mu kuchita, n'zoonekeratu kuti kufunika msika pamapindikira ikusonyeza mmene voliyumu adzakhala ndichepe malonda ndi kuwonjezeka mitengo yake. Kumene, muyenera kuyang'ana zinthu kuti, pamene pali zimachitika ngati mitengo zotheka ndi mabuku apamwamba a malonda a katundu. Only mu nkhani iyi kudzakhala kotheka kunena kuti kampani amalandira ndalama pazipita pa ntchito zawo.

Choncho, mfundo ya chilamulo cha kufunika akanali yemweyo: m'munsi mtengo wa P, m'pamenenso mugule katundu. Koma si mu nkhani imeneyi. Kodi kusintha?

Kusinthasintha - Chinthu kulimbikitsa kufunika

Elasticity wa kufunika amatchedwa index kudziwa, malingana ndi ntchito ogula pa mtengo kapena mlingo wa ndalama ogula kupeza mankhwala misonkhano.

Pankhaniyi, pafupi kuyang'ana mtengo elasticity wa akumufuna.

mitundu elasticity

Mitundu zotsatirazi kufunika tingaone malingana ndi chitsanzo ndi mtundu chitsanzo chuma kumanga msika chuma:

1. Mwangwiro zotanuka.

2. Zotanuka.

3. Pang'ono zotanuka.

4. Inelastic.

5. Mwamtheradi inelastic.

Mtundu woyamba wa chizindikiro zikutanthauza kuti wogula katundu si njira, ali zambiri mmalo kapena analogues, chotero atawalamula angachite kwambiri kuti kusintha mu mtengo. Mukhozanso kunena kuti pali m'modzi yekha mtengo chovomerezeka kwa katundu, imene idzakhala kufunika kwa izo.

Mtundu wachiwiri zikusonyeza kuti mitengo kusinthasintha osachepera mlingo wa kusintha akumufuna. Nthawi zambiri nkhani, pamene mankhwala ali pafupi ndi katundu mwanaalirenji.

Mu tsankho elasticity akufunika msika pamapindikira limasonyeza kuti kusintha mu ankafuna ndi njila kwa mtengo. Ndi, Zithunzi kuti anaona molunjika mzere kuti intersects nkhwangwa onse ndi mtunda wofanana ku chiyambi.

Osati nthawi zonse ankafuna zimadalira mtengo

Komanso, inelastic akumufuna. Nthawi zambiri zingaoneke pa mankhwala msika omwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse. Izi zikhoza kukhala sopo, pepala chimbudzi, maleza podzicheka, ndi zina zotero. Ndiko kuti, magulu a mankhwala ogula amafuna, ndipo iwo ali okonzeka kuti overpay pang'ono.

Zingakhalenso zinthu zimene tikuuzidwa kuti msika mu ndithu osiyanasiyana chopapatiza, ndi pa izo pali ochepa mmalo.

Komaliza ndi kufunika inelastic kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, kusowa msika pamapindikira limasonyeza kuti mukupatsidwa kufunika kwa katundu sadalira pa mtengo wake. Mu Zithunzi izo Tingaone mu mawonekedwe a mzere kufanana ndi mtengo olamulira.

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene ankafufuza msika zakudya zamtundu. Iwo akhoza kukhala: mankhwala, zipangizo zachipatala, magulu ena a mankhwala chakudya (chakudya, madzi, etc.), Zothandiza (madzi, magetsi, gasi), etc.

Kodi wina umakhudza atawalamula?

Zokhotakhota wa munthu ndi msika kufunika zikuthandiza kudziwa kugula ntchito, komanso kupeza bwino chiŵerengero mtengo / buku mankhwala.

Chithunzi pamwambapa zikusonyeza kudalira pa mlingo wa kufunika pa mtengo wa katundu. Koma Dziwani, ndi zinthu zina zokhudza akumufuna. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda:

1. Fluctuation a mitengo pa katundu chidwi.

2. Kusintha mtengo wa mankhwala mmalo kapena zigawo.

3. Mphamvu kugula ogula (ndalama).

4. mumaganiza mafashoni.

5. Nyengo.

6. Ananeneratu kusintha mu msika (mwachitsanzo, mphekesera ya mavuto, kufufuma, etc.).

Kodi inu amakhala kufunika pamapindikira pa milanduyi?

The pamapindikira akufunika okwana msika kudzasiya lamanja pa olamulira yopingasa mu zoterezi:

• cha kukwera mtengo kwa mankhwala mmalo;

• zigawo kukhala mtengo;

• kotulukira ogula ndalama;

• malonda kampani amakhala zazikulu;

• pakubwera nyengo ya ntchito yogwira katundu;

• mbiri za nyamuka ku mtengo wa katundu.

N'zosiyana zinthu zidzachitika ngati:

• mankhwala mmalo kukhala mtengo;

• zigawo kukhala zodula;

• kugwa ogula ndalama;

• mankhwala ndi sanalinso yapamwamba ndi masiku ano.

Inde, zinthu zokhudza mlingo wa kufunika ndithu kwambiri ndipo zikhoza masamu pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyenera ndi ndandanda.

Angagwiritse ntchito kusanthula ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti msika si chilili ndipo zonse ikusintha, kotero ntchito kufunika pamapindikira, komanso khalidwe kafukufuku mu mphamvu kwambiri.