Partizan German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich: zaka za moyo, mbiri, zochuluka

Ambiri amadziwika ngwazi partisans ya nkhondo yachiwiri - Sidor Kovpak, wotchedwa Dmitry Emlyutin, wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev, Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Saburov. Za mabuku zidalembedwa izi anajambula mabuku ndi mafilimu Mbali. Koma expanses zedi Soviet Union, nawo zochita asilikali 1941-1944, zinthu zikwi otchuka amene maina awo anamwalira mu zaka zapitazi wathu.

Mmodzi wa ngwazi awa - German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich (1915-1943 gg.). Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa nyenyeswa za zoona, ife tinena mbiri yonse ya zigawenga lapansi.

A nkhani lalifupi

• May 24, 1915 - kubadwa kwa Aleksandra Viktorovicha Germana. Malo obadwira - Leningrad (tsopano - St. Petersburg).
• Maphunziro kusukulu zisanu ndi ziwiri, ntchito monga makaniko wina. Mu November 1933, iye limodzi ndi Red Army.
• 1937 - maphunziro a Orel oti muli nazo zida School. 1940 - analembedwa usilikali Academy. Frunze.
• Kuyambira pa chiyambi cha Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, iye anali Scout pa likulu la North-Western Front, pamene anaikidwa Wachiwiri mkulu wa olimbanawo brigade nzeru.
• Chilimwe 1942 - ndi udindo wa Major German dzina lake Aleksandr anakhala kazembe wa Brigade wa Leningrad zigawenga Chachitatu.
• September 6, 1943 anafera ku nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa dera Horrea Pskov.
• M'zaka za utumiki anasonyeza monga msilikali wolimba ndi pulani luso. Anali kwambiri za mphoto, anali atamwalira kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union.

Kuti ndi youma zikumveka mwachidule mbiri ya olimbanawo German. Poyima penapo mwatsatanetsatane pa mfundo zina za moyo wake.

Nkhondo isanayambe

Monga tanena ndi German anabadwa Alexander 05.24.1915, mu St. Petersburg, mwana wa Germany Russian. Bambo ndi mayi ake anali ogwira ntchito yosavuta. Sasha bwinobwino maphunziro zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri ndipo anapeza ntchito mu shopu locksmith a. Job partisans tsogolo Hermann pamodzi ndi kuphunzira, maphunziro ku College avtostroitelny.

Mu 1933 iye anali usilikali, kenako mnyamata amene kulota ntchito ya usilikali, analowa Orel thanki School. Apa iye anaphunzira Soviet Union Constitution, mbiri ya Party Communist, mbiri ya USSR, njira, zimachititsa chilumbachi, masamu apamwamba. Wadutsa thanki galimoto Inde ndipo anaphunzira njira nkhondowo, ndinali wotanganidwa kumenyana ndi stroypodgotovkoy, kukhala mphamvu ndi kupirira.

Cha m'ma 30 ntchentche za m'ma 20, ndi partisans tsogolo Hermann, amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhani, anakwatira mtsikana Faina, iwo anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Albert, amene bambo anamsemera dzina Alyusik. Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana, anasamukira ku Moscow, ku nyumba limodzi pa Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya.

Mu 1940 anayamba kuphunzira pa Frunze usilikali Academy mu Moscow. Iye anaphunzira ku wabwino. Tsogolo partisans German akusamba anali chikondi, komanso panthawi yake yopuma ankakonda kuyendayenda yekha m'misewu mzinda, kumalo osungirako zinthu zakale za mbiri yakale.

Kuteteza dziko!

Nkhondo an'gumana mu chaka chachiwiri cha Academy. Alexander yomweyo mlanduwu kupemphera kwa apite kunkhondo. Mu July 1941, iye anapita kutumikira Scout mu North-Western Front.

Anzeru, ophunzitsidwa bwino, wolimba, Major Herman posachedwa adadziwa mu utumiki ndipo kupereka dongosolo la Red Chabwino, chimene iye payekha anapereka mkulu kutsogolo.

Utsogoleri asilikali anaona wamng'ono kapitawo kwambiri angathe, ndipo anaganiza kupatsa iye ndi detachment olimbanawo.

Yambani njira olimbanawo

Mu June 1942, dongosolo la ngwazi za nkhaniyi anasankhidwa mkulu wa Brigade wa Leningrad zigawenga manambala Chachitatu monga anthu oposa 100. Choncho anabadwa lodziwika bwino zigawenga German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich. Anasiya mmbuyo, anayamba moyo watsopano wodzaza mavuto.

Chief ndodo anaikidwa kapitawo Krylov Ivan Vasilevich, amene zigaŵenga zankhondo Herman anakhala mabwenzi. bwenzi wabwino ndi wapafupi wachiŵiri, Brigade Commander Krylov anathandiza kukhazikitsa msanga ndi zonyoza zimayenda ntchito, dongosolo kokasangalala zigaŵenga zankhondo, ntchito nzeru.

An mkulu chabwino cha unit zigawenga

Partizan Herman, yemwe yonena za ofufuza chidwi zochitika za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anatchuka kwambiri monga wochenjera, mochenjera ndi wolimba mkulu. Iye anali kuyesera abale akewo izi. zolinga zonse amakonzedwa iwo anali opambana. cholinga chake, pamodzi ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mipherezero mdani mwatsatanetsatane, zinali kupulumutsa moyo wa anthu ake, omwe anali wonyada kwambiri. Poyankha, asilikali Anali kutikonda kwambiri mtsogoleri wawo kwa omasukirana ndi, moona mtima, kukoma mtima, ulemu kwa kulimbikira, rigor, luso kusonyeza khalidwe ndi chifuniro, ngati n'koyenera.

Chachitatu Leningrad olimbanawo Brigade opareshoni mu Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod ndi Tver (ndiye - Kalinin) malo. nkhalango zowirira, nyanja zambiri ndi moorland anathandiza partisans molondola kubisala, ntchito nkhonya mwadzidzidzi pa mdani, amene sangathe kuwayankha ndi akasinja ndi zida zankhondo lolemera.

Isanafike kujowina Chachitatu Leningrad olimbanawo Brigade m'madera amenewa analamulira ulamuliro wa Nazi. Ankhondowo agwidwa ndi anthu am'deralo, anawaseka, mantha ndi kuphedwa. mbiri Hero olimbanawo Herman anayamba ndi mfundo yakuti iye ndi anthu ake inapha mndandanda wa onongani nkhonya kwa mdani. Mu nthawi mbiri ndi zomvetsa kochepa anthu anawonongedwa naini midzi ya asilikali German, makumi asanu mabungwe utsogoleri, ataphwetsedwa msewu sitima asanu Nazi amene anapha zambiri anthu oti ndi zida za mdani.

kupambana amenewa anauzira zigaŵenga zankhondo osati kokha, komanso m'deralo, ambiri amene anayamba kufika mu kumuwombera German. Posakhalitsa chiwerengero cha magulu ake chawonjezeka anthu 100 450 pofika cha 1942 kumeneko kale anali oposa 1,000 zigaŵenga zankhondo ndi kugwa kwa 1943 - 2500 anthu! Anali kale moona yoopsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha moyo amene anali Wachiwiri World nkhondo ngwazi German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich.

Zikayenda panthawi ya nkhondo

Herman zigawenga magulu kuti anamasulidwa mazana a m'midzi Novgorod, Pskov ndi Tver zigawo. Place m'chigawo mzinda wa Staraya Russa, pansi ndi Bezhanitsy unadziwika ngati mayunitsi zigawenga.

Hero kukhala oyamba kutsatira njira za ayendetsa mofulumira ndi kuukira othamanga. Pa ntchito Herman ngwazi?

• kuwonongedwa, malinga ndi zolembedwa, 9652 German ndipo ambiri document- osati adani otsimikizirika,
• bungwe 44 bwino sitima kuwonongeka, amene mdani anataya kwambiri zida ndiponso anthu,
• yakuwadzudzumisa 31 sitima mlatho,
• anatentha mazana malo mdani,
• anawononga 70 maofesi Township
• 17 anagonjetsa midzi ya asilikali Nazi,
• kupulumutsidwa ku ukapolo ndi ukapolo mu kuba nzika 35 zikwi Soviet.

Partizan German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich pamodzi ndi anyamata ake anapanga kwambiri anamanganso, ntchito zawo ikusonyezedwa ndi mphoto zambiri. Herman anali kupereka udindo wa wamkulu.

Kumbuyo Mdani patsamba okonzeka ndi m'munsi likulu

Kuwonjezera pa luso lapadera kumenyana ndi luso njira, ndi partisans Hermann, amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhani komanso anali ndi mphatso Chikhaliro.

Tanena kale kuti ankakonda moyo wa munthu aliyense zopatsidwa kwa iye ndi wapamwamba asilikali lamulo. Iye nkhawa momwe kuti moyo wofewa kwambiri akonzekeretse asilikali ake, asilikali angakhale ndi zina matenda ndi zotopetsa, ndi vuto la choipa kwa akalandire chithandizo zofunika mankhwala. Choncho, yothetsa mu partisans nkhalango Hermann anakakhala sagwirizana nazo ndithu: iwo anakhala ndi kochepa, koma maofesi zofunika pa maziko n'kupuma - m'misasa, ndi Kutentha, likulu ili mu nyumba okhazikika pa dera la brigade anali nokha anamanga khitchini, kusamba, malo awo mankhwala ndi mini-kuchipatala, malo.

Partizan Herman ankakhulupiriranso kuti munthu sayenera kuwononga chilichonse chimene zingathandize asilikali ake kugonjetsa Nazi. Choncho, yunifolomu ndi zida zalembedwa osati ku Chile, komanso kudzadza pa zikho ndalama.

Zigaŵenga zankhondo kuzindikira vutoli ndipo anati: "Ife ndife kwa mkulu brigade - moto ndi ku madzi" "Musati tikuwonongeka ndi kazembe wathu"

Alipo ndege ndi sitima

Amazing palokha, ndi kuomba akuimira mfundo ziwiri: partisans German, amene zithunzi kusonyeza molimba mtima ake otsegula taonani, anamanga pamaziko a airfield lake la panopo ndi katswiri njanji!

N'kupuma airfield inamangidwa mphamvu yomweyo ya partisans. Mu nkhalango, kudula kudzera kulowera lonse, anapanga kuwerengetsera odana ndege, awapatsa okonzeka msewu wonyamukira ndege ndi posts zidziwitso, kulenga zomangamanga kuti n'kutheka kuti kulandira zoyendera ndege zazikulu. Kulankhulana ndi kumtunda wakhala kusintha. Adani akufuna kuwononga airfield zigaŵenga zankhondo anayankha nafe mphezi liwiro. Choncho anawonongedwa ndi Hitler mafuta zofikira mu mzinda wa Porkhov, German aviasklady m'mudzi Pushkin Hills. Chifukwa, pamene kuli ndege zigawenga m'munsi Soviet kuuluka zonse, kupereka yunifolomu, chakudya, zida, kutenga atavulala.

Chidwi nkhani natembenukira kwa sitima ya. Limodzi la reconnaissance sorties soldaty- "Hermanovce" anapeza peat sitima yopapatiza-n'zotsimikizira sitima ndi anasiya sitima, ngolo ndi nsanja. Pa anayendera pafupi kunapezeka kuti chirichonse mu dongosolo ntchito, ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo anayamba ntchito mwakhama ndi n'zotsimikizira yopapatiza pansi pa mphuno a Nazi. Njanji akudutsa makamaka wogontha marshland. Only gawo limodzi la iwo anali kuyandikira siteshoni overseeding, amene anali kulamulidwa ndi dziko la Germany. Zigaŵenga zankhondo nthawi iliyonse kupita kuwerenga chigawo chimenechi, ngati n'koyenera, bungwe cholimbana siteshoni, ndi sitima nthawi iliyonse bwinobwino zapita zimakulepheretsani.

Akufuna kuwononga kumuwombera

Musaganize kuti partisans Hermann pamodzi ndi anyamata ake mwakachetechete kumenyana kumbuyo mizere mdani. Nazi nthawi zonse ankafuna kuwononga zigawenga zimenezi.

Mu March 1943, ndi magulu Herman lazigaŵengali ikuchitika zikuluzikulu Chilango ntchito ndi magulu a asilikali 4,000 German ndi akapitawo, mothandizidwa ndi akasinja ndi zida zankhondo. Zinali zochitika za kumenyana m'mudzi Rovnyak Porkhov chigawo cha dera Pskov. Pa nkhondo anapha zoposa 900 Nazi anawononga 3 mdani gawo 4 chakumene msewu mlatho 6 kugonja akasinja. Mosiyana ndi imfa chidwi cha Hermann olimbanawo Nazi brigade anataya amuna 96, 37 iwo anaphedwa, 59 ndiwobvulazidwa.

Mu May 1943, nafuna kuwapha ndi partisans mu nkhalango Leningrad, dziko la Germany anaponyera iwo lonse oyenda Division. Total ngwazi Soviet anapirira ndewu 19, imene mdani anataya asilikali 1604 ndi akapitawo, 7 sitima akhala litaphulitsidwa 16 msewu milatho ndi 2 magalimoto. Musachoke m'gulu la zigaŵenga zankhondo anaphedwa 39 asilikali ndiwobvulazidwa 64.

Mu August 1943, katswiri wotchuka anaitanidwa kuti dera limeneli, lomwe anawononga detachments ambiri olimbanawo ku Smolensk. Izi yomweyo analidziwitsa a zigaŵenga zankhondo awo m'gululi Herman. ndi ndani? Kodi izi katswiri yapadera? Gulu Intelligence wakhazikitsidwa kuti katswiri lopondereza ntchito motere: a analanda asilikali Soviet avule zovala ndi nsapato, kupereka sniff galu Sukuluyi, imene kutenga njira ndi linanena bungwe Chilango mu malo zigaŵenga zankhondo dislocation. Ndipo palibe njira kukonkha shag kapena kupondereza njira anthu ena sanathe gwetsa agalu kuchokera fungo la. Atalandira zimenezi, dzina lake Aleksandr German pomwepo anatuluka ndi dongosolo pachiyambi. amuna ake analanda "chinenero" yomwe imachitika pa likulu la njira chinsinsi mwa chithaphwi, ndiye bungwe kupulumuka ndi njira ncho. Pamene Germany anayenda gulu lalikulu mumsewu umenewu ku likulu la zigawenga za, mabomba, ndithudi, linaphulika, ndipo lonse lopondereza kumuwombera anamwalira wopanda kuwombera limodzi kumbali yathu.

Nkhondo ya dengu la mkate wa. imfa ya ngwazi

Pa chiyambi cha September 1943 Herman zigawenga brigade anali ataukiranso. nthawi iyi nkhondo zinachitika pafupi ndi mudzi wa zimakhala zazikulu Novorzhevsky District wa dera Pskov.

asilikali Soviet anagonjetsa mdani, koma anataya katundu wolemera, ikufalikira wa lazungulira lapansi. Mu nkhondo otentha September 6, 1943 anamwalira alimba mtima dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich German, partisans aiwala ndi likulu kalata.

Malinga ndi Maulendo a Kuuka Brigade Commissioner, ankakonda brigade mkulu anavulazidwa kawiri, koma analetsa nkhani za izo, ndi asilikali anapitiriza kuwombera. Bala lachitatu mutu inali amapha. mkulu 28 wazaka brigade anaphedwa.

thupi msilikali wa anakamba ndi ndege kumbuyo Soviet. Hero m'manda mu Mzinda wa dera Valdai Novgorod, pa Ufulu Square.

April 2, 1944 ndi lamulo la Presidium wa USSR Supreme Soviet msilikali Germanu A. V. atamwalira kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union kuti aphedwe angwiro a mishoni nkhondowo, kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima.

Mphotho ndi maudindo

HSU partisans German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich anali kupereka:

• Gold Star Zikho, amene amaitcha kuti munthu kupereka udindo wapamwamba wa Hero wa Soviet Union,
• Lenin Order kwa nyota wapadera pamaso boma Soviet ndi anthu,
• Dongosolo la Red mbendela kulimba mtima kuposa kale lonse komanso kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena nkhondo yolimbana ndi ankhondowo lopondereza,
• Dongosolo la kukonda dziko lako nkhondo 1 digiri kwa mtima asilikali.

Kukumbukira ngwazi za

September 7, 1943 Chachitatu Leningrad zigawenga brigade anadzatchedwa ndi brigade olimbanawo dzina lake Herman - polemekeza mtsogoleri ulemerero.

The Horrea mudzi malo imfa ya ngwazi obelisk. Street dzina lake mu St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov, mzinda kwa chilumbachi ndi Porkhov, Valdai. Mu St. Petersburg, ndi Pamwalawo monga chizindikiro chikumbutso Partizan Herman.

mzinda Novorzhev chikwangwani cha chikumbutso polemekeza mkulu womwalirayo. Utsogoleli chigawo waganiza kuti pa September 6 - Tsiku la Ulemerero olimbanawo ndi. holide chikondwerero chaka chilichonse pa tsiku lino, ndi nawo anamenyela, nzika ophunzira.

The ngwazi zigaŵenga zankhondo Herman, yemwe chithunzi imakongoletsa ambiri mipukutuyi, ndi mtheradi chitsanzo. Iye, moyo wake yochepa koma wanzeru, wolimba mtima ndi anthu kwambiri zoyenera machaputala ambiri mu mabuku:

• "Wosafa zochita za ngwazi," olemba Korneev N. P ndi Alekseev OV, 2005 kope.
• "German dzina lake Aleksandr Viktorovich", lolembedwa ndi N. P. Korneeva, 1993 kope.
• "Leningrad mu mtima wanga", wolemba anakhala mtolankhani NV Masolov, amene ntchito kulemba Archive zikalata, makalata munthu wa Herman, kukumbukira za anzake. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 1981.
• "Atsogoleri brigade olimbanawo: anthu ndi tsogolo." Buku nkhani archival olembedwa ethnographer NV Nikitenko. Inasindikizidwa mu 2010. Limanena za magulu zigawenga imachitika Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo madera wotanganidwa wa Leningrad ndi Tver zigawo.
• Memoir buku "Zimphona ndi Tsogolo" IV Vinogradov 1988 chaka cha buku. Wolemba kangapo panokha anakumana ndi Aleksandrom Germanom.
• "Hermann ndi timu" ndi ml wolemba kwa kuuka kwa Akufa, amene mwachindunji ankalamulidwa ndi lodziwika bwino mkulu zigawenga. bukhu lofalitsidwa mu 1965.
• "Pskov zigawenga" - Maulendo a olimbanawo M. Voskresensky, mkulu wa dipatimenti ndale za Leningrad Chachitatu olimbanawo Brigade. Buku 1979 kope.
• "Pakuti asapatsire", 1990 kope. Author - olimbanawo dokotala V. I. Gilev.
• "Analumbira zigaŵenga zankhondo", 1985 kope. Maulendo olembedwa Serguninym I. I., Hero wa Soviet Union, munthu wodziwika kwambiri m'gulu la kayendedwe zigawenga. Buku lyagla zinamuchitikira munthu, zolemba ozimitsa ena, akalata ndi zikalata archival.
• "N'chifukwa chiyani akutchedwa" 1985 kope Mlembi Hablo E. P. ndi Gorbachevich KS buku limafotokoza mayina a misewu, zilumba, St. Petersburg malo.