Amene yoyamba kukaona m'mlengalenga? The dziko Battle wa USSR ndi USA

Space Battle - kotero inu mukhoza tisonyezeni mkangano pakati pa mayiko awiri - USSR ndi USA - pa zokambiranazi danga pa theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza. Chiyambi cha chochitika kuika dziko lathu Launch woyamba wa yokumba Earth Kanema, kenako kukhazikitsa kunabwera munthu ku chenicheni zatsopano kwa iye - mu mlengalenga. Kenako, panali spacewalk choyamba.

Patsogolo zomangamanga sayansi

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anali anthu oona sayansi ndi luso yojambula. Makamaka nthawi Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo linapereka kuti chitukuko cha roketi - chinachake chimene chinali ankalephera kuzimvetsa, anali sizim'vuta kuzitsatira. Anthu akhala anayang'ana kwambiri ndipo anayesetsa kufufuza malo, koma chidachitika pongofuna padziko lathuli. Theka lachiwiri la m'zaka wotsiriza unali chiyambi cha nyengo ino ya kufufuza malo ndi kuphunzira pafupi-Earth danga. Makamaka kutali hemayo otsutsa izi geopolitical nyengo - Soviet Union ndi United States. The United States anatsogolera chitukuko umenewu, makamaka pamene dziko kunapezeka kuti 'tate' wa German rocketry W. von Braun. Iye anali mpainiya wa dera European mu munda wa luso ndi mamangidwe malingaliro. Komabe, mu Soviet Union anali chitukuko nthaŵi yaitali. Oyambitsa a dziko maganizo chida kumanga (Tsiolkovsky ndipo kenako Korolev), choyamba theoretically kenako pafupifupi zochokera apeza.

Njira yoyamba kufufuza malo

Mapeto a 50s wa kunathandiza chidwi pa malingaliro a m'nthawi. Soviet Union woyamba orbited akatswiri cholinga Kanema. Anthu ambiri moni chochitika monga patsogolo waukulu wa ganizo sayansi, koma kwa America, kukana ngakhale ang'ono, koma kugonjetsedwa mpikisano uwu. Ngakhale wamkulu furor zinachitika mu April 1961 masana. Ndi pamene Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin anadzakhala kholo la chombo onse, mosaganizira za mtundu wawo, ndipo woyamba amene anafika Earth munthu. Kukonzekera ndege zinachitikadi mu mapangidwe ndi chitetezo chokhwima. Ndipotu, ngati dziko lathu ali pangozi miyoyo osati munthu, komanso kulemera kwawo m'bwalo lonse. Pamtengo anali kwambiri Komabe, zinali mofanana. Pambuyo pake, dziko wathu ukhale mtsogoleri wa kufufuza malo. Pulezidenti US Dzhon Kennedi pa msonkhano wa boma lake analengeza pulogalamu mofulumira komanso kufufuza kuyenerera wa ndalama yaikulu pa zokambiranazi danga.

mpikisano kuda

Munthu amene poyamba anapita mu mlengalenga, kodi kuonetsetsa dziko lake mutu wa mtsogoleri wa danga kapena kupanga sitepe reciprocal pa sitepe ya mdani. m'mayiko awiriwa mwachangu anayamba kukonzekera mwambo umenewu. American NASA ayesera kufulumizitsa ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga spacecraft zinakhazikitsa, koma mwachangu ndi kwachititsa kuti zotsatira zosiyana. Kupanda zinachitikira zinachititsa kusokonezeka - wolakwika mayeso zindikirani, kotero anakwanitsa kupewa ovulala anthu, koma masiku akhala kwambiri wolambira Mulungu. Mu USSR, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo zinali kuwerengetsera ofanana ndi kukonza munthu amene anali woyamba mwa malo lotseguka adzakhala. zopindika pang'ono mwina kwambiri bwanji lonse tsogolo chitukuko cha pulogalamu chatsopano cha dziko anthu. Komanso, udzu ndi ulamuliro chipani m'malo ogwetsa zotsatira pa onse otenga mbali pa ntchitoyi. Koma anthu amene yoyamba kukaona mu mlengalenga, anali compatriot wathu.

mphindi mbiri

Munthu ameneyo anali Alexei Leonov. Iwo anali osankhidwa ake ku gulu la chombo ophunzitsidwa bwino. Ndipo kumapeto 1964 izo anayamba kukonzekera mokwanira ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yonse ya zinthu zimene mungakumane njira ya ndege. Ndiyeno nthawi yaitali, mu 1965 (18 March) "Voskhod-2" anali mu Earth kanjira. Patapita maphunziro lalifupi Alexei Leonov choyamba anapita mu mlengalenga. Kukhala kunja kwa spacecraft ndi yochepa kwambiri, pafupi thwelofu Mphindi ndi pang'ono. Zinali sitepe yaikulu mu mbiri ya anthu. Komabe, ngakhale ngati nthawi yochepa panali zinthu zapadera. Spacesuit wokayenda pamwezi kuchuluka kukula, ndi Alexei Arkhipovich sanathe kubwerera ku loko sitimayo. Koma iye sanachite mantha - kwambiri kumasula kuthamanga mkati mwa suti, iye lakwaniritsa lawo Ndikulichepetsa kukula ndipo anali wokhoza kubwerera ku spacecraft lapansi.

The zokwera ndi zotsika ndege

Amene anali woyamba anapita mu mlengalenga, adzalandira wolimba mtima ndi kupirira, izi makhalidwe zinamulimbikitsa m'tsogolo. Ndi Leonov chinachitika vuto linanso zosasangalatsa - pamene ankafika lander anali kunja kwa touchdown woikidwiratu. Koma mfundo imeneyi sichikunditsutsa wolimba danga ofufuza. Pamene ankafika, iye anali nayonso, ndipo pa nthawi iyi panali frosts kwambiri. Izi zikachitika, oyendetsa anakhala masiku awiri okha wachitatu wa iwo adapereka kwa yopulumutsa. Pakuti ft lake A. A. Leonov anali kupereka mutu wa "Hero" a dziko. America anavomereza kugonjetsedwa, koma anapita maphunziro a ndege ndi ankafika pa mwezi, koma izo zinachitika zaka zinayi, ndipo si angasokoneze nyota za akatswiri Soviet ndi chombo. Ndipo Alexei Leonov - munthu amene yoyamba kukaona malo Oimirapo mpaka muyaya lolembedwa dzina lake m'mbiri ya mbiri.