Filimonovskaya kupenta zosiyanasiyana. History filimonovo chidole

History filimonovo chidole, amanenera olemba mbiri ndi ofukula, anayamba zaka 1,000 zapitazo. Akukhulupirira kuti pa zinthu zofukulidwa m'mabwinja pafupi dera Tula oyamba, ambiri wosazindikira, zidole zopangidwa dongo nthawi zapezeka. Monga lokhala ndi cholondola, iwo anapangidwa m'masiku a ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo. Izi zidole chifukwa cha zina wapadera wotchedwa malikhweru. Iwo anali mafanizo ka mbalame, nyama ndi anthu amene anali basi yokongola limagwirira wheezing.

cholinga malikhweru

Akukhulupirira kuti kale, mu nthawi achikunja, ndi wenzulo akhoza awawopsyeze kutali chiwanda choipa kapena mzimu, kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kuti Atchule Mulungu Sun kukam'pempha kuti mvula pa dziko lapansi, kapena chilala, komanso zina zambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngati chithunzi malikhweru kusungidwa m'nyumba iliyonse.

Filimonovskaya kupenta anaonekera pa zidole kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19. Monga momwe nkhaniyi ikupitirira, dzina la filimonovo chidole lake kuchokera Wolakwayo anathawa - Filemoni.

agogo anga anali katswiri osati mbiya komanso wopanga zoseweretsa dongo. Iye anali munthu woyamba amene anayambitsa kujambula ndi zidole dongo, ndipo izi wapanga amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha luso, osati kwa zaka za m'ma 19, komanso tsogolo la nthawi.

M'mudzi kumene anali kutetezedwa, zinali wanga buluu dongo, amene anali ngati chuma kwa iye. mudzi lili pafupi ndi tauni ya Odoev ndi chifukwa mbiri yake m'tsogolo amatchedwa Filimonovka, polemekeza mbuye.

Ntchito chidole

Kenako, kuchokera mu thope la buluu miphika anayamba kuchita pafupifupi amuna onse m'mudzi. Kudzera luso limeneli, iwo anali kudyetsa banja lake. amuna, komanso akazi Sikuti ndi ana nawo mawerengeredwe lapansi. Iwo ankachita zotsimikizira malikhweru kulekera m'munda ndi zapakhomo kanthawi. Icho chinali chimodzi cha zinthu ndiwotani a nthawi.

Nthawizina akazi ndi ana amene nthawi zingakhale zaka zosaposa 7-8, anakhala bwalo ndi kuimba wokongola wakale Russian wowerengeka songs, nzelu zidole zake dongo.

Kutanthauza filimonovo chidole

Filimonovo chidole anagula nyumba, adagula mphatso. Pamaso pa zidole anali ndi chizindikiro chabwino kwambiri. Iye akhapidziwa kuti umabweretsa zabwino kwa nyumba, kupambana, banja bwino, komanso amateteza ku matsenga zoipa ndi mawu amatsenga.

Filimonovo chidole kwa ana anali kutetezedwa otchedwa, chithumwa kuti kuteteza ana ku zoyipa. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pa chiyambi cha pochimanga, malikhweru izi sizinali kosavuta. Iye anali ndi cholinga chosiyana. Ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa, mukhoza kuona zizindikiro matsenga (Filimonov dongosolo) pa chilichonse chithunzi kukhala tanthauzo lake.

Chidwi ndi mawonekedwe zidole. Iye akusonyeza kuti aliyense wa iwo umaimira chinachake.

kuwombera ng'anjo

Kwa chaka chonse, anthu zikugwira zotsimikizira zinthu dongo, ndiye, mu tsiku kasupe, pakati lalikulu munda chikondwerero chachikulu umachitika musanagulitse kukonzedwa. Iye anagona mu choona, kuotcha mbiya zonse, ndipo pambuyo holide kuti awatengere iwo ku msika zogulitsa.

Kuyamba anakumba dzenje lalikulu pakati pa munda, umene njerwa obkladyvali, njerwa kupanga kuima (alumali) kwa mbale (ngati zachilendo uvuni otchedwa phiri), kenako anatentha udzu, amene anaikidwa pa mbale. Kamodzi udzu ndi kutenthedwa, ife anadikira mpaka dongo chazirala, kenako zichotsedwe wina wake, tsopano woyera, mankhwala kunyumba.

Mbuto ikulu pa maalumali wotanganidwa crocks ndi jugs pakati pa akazi kuika zamanja awo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pambuyo yoyaka buluu dongo amakhala okongola zoyera. Filimonovo chidole, chithunzi chimene mungathe kuwona kuchokera mu mabuku ndi magazini zoyenera Russian wowerengeka luso, ndi dziko la masiku ndi elekitironi gwero Zoonadi Mbali imeneyi chosiyana.

Ndi yabwino kwambiri. Pofuna kujambula m'tsogolo, sayenera yokutidwa ndi utoto wapadera kwa m'munsi lapansi. Wophikidwa dongo ndi kale kukonzekera ntchito.

Filimonov chidole. mafano awo

Amaona kuti filimonovo chidole nawo maonekedwe ena amene anamaliza lakuti iliyonse.

Mmodzi wa chifaniziro chachikulu ndi chifanizo cha akazi. Akukhulupirira kuti fano la mkazi (dona) akuimira chifanizo cha mayi, cholinga chachikulu chimene, ndithudi, ndi kubereka ana, ndipo ambiri zamoyo zonse padziko lapansi. Zowoneka, chithunzi ichi zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri.

Njira ina - nyama zimenezi. Chimbalangondo amanyamula chizindikiro cha umuna, mphamvu ndi akuyerekezeranso kufika kwa kasupe - moyo watsopano. Deer - chizindikiro cha banja bwino ndi chimwemwe m'banja, chikondi cha mgwirizano pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Pachikhalidwe nswala kupereka angolowa kumene m'banja pa tsiku la ukwati wawo monga mtetezi banja tsogolo lawo. Kavalo - umunthu wa zamoyo zonse. Iye akhapidziwa kuti kavalo - chizindikiro cha madzi, dzuwa ndi chonde. Ng'ombe - chimake cha kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu.

Kenako mkaziyo, monga ulamuliro, nthawi zonse ankafotokozedwa mbalame. Ndi mbalame m'masiku akale ankaona njira ya kuuka kwa moyo zonse padziko lapansi. Dawn, kudzutsidwa kwa dziko lapansi, chikhalidwe - ndi mwini wake wa mbalame zonse.

Palibe zidole si monga kanjedza weniweni wa nyama ndi mbalame. Ziwerengero za anthu amafanana awo kutali kwambiri. Kumvetsa zimene anthu nzelu kuchokera ku dothi, ndi zotheka chifukwa cha mwatsatanetsatane zovala limene pali zinthu Filimonovsky kupenta.

mkazi, monga ulamuliro, zovala tichipeza masiketi ndi mabulawuzi belu, ndi munthu - malaya owala ndi thalauza.

Filimonovskaya kupenta ndi zachilendo kwambiri, molimba, zidzasintha view. Chito pa zovala kulankhula za zofunika kwambiri kwa - kugwirizana anthu ndi chikhalidwe.

Anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa momwe ajambule Filimonov chidole. Dress ndi zithunzi yowala khirisipi, mosintha anamwazikana pa zovala. Pa zovala utoto mawanga ndi mabwalo, masamba ndi madontho, dashes ndi asterisks, ndi zinthu zina zambiri pachithunzipa. mkazi wakhala Mipikisano wachikuda siketi, bulauzi zimalimbikitsa owala kapezi mtundu ndi chipewa chokongoletsedwa ndi mbale zokongola. munthu nthawizonse wakhala kuima malaya.

Filimonovskaya kupenta. nkhope ochekenera

Nkhope wakhala chomwecho. Pa woyera maziko utoto maso ndi nsidze buluu kapena wakuda. Nthawi zina maso ake anali wobiriwira. Diso Chojambula anali yofanana. Diso - dashes. Anaigonjetsera ayenera kuti kapezi.

Sanalole kujambula mbali limaonetseratu nkhope. Iye akhapidziwa kuti chiwerengero - chithumwa, choncho anali kukumana chidole chiopsyezo kutali mizimu yoipa.

mitundu yaikulu

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zapadera, amene anali Filimonovskaya kupenta - mtundu wa inks ntchito. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mithunzi mitundu okha 3: magenta, wachikasu, ndi wobiriwira. Ndipo apo ankaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito buluu ndi utoto mitundu.

Wina filimonovo chidole, kupenta amene anali yofanana - nyama. thupi lake ndi khosi nthawi zonse anali utoto kudutsa ndi mitundu ntchito yomweyo: wobiriwira, wachikasu ndi magenta mitundu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nyama anali utoto n'kupanga akuda ndi kuipanikiza ofiira kapena zobiriwira.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti wenzulo - filimonovo chidole, mitundu amene anapanga palibe maburashi wapadera kujambula, ndi maburashi anapangidwa kuchokera ku nthenga la nkhuku.

Mwambo 'pandemonium'

Munthu aliyense kamodzi pa moyo, koma Ine ndamva mawu. Komabe, anthu ochepa kwambiri bwino tanthauzo la "kuti angakonze pandemonium." Anthu amaganiza kuti mawu amenewa ndi makani kapena chiwonetsero, ndiye pali mwayi woti atsimikizire chinachake kwa wina.

Ndipotu, mu m'ma 19 icho chinali chimodzi cha okongola kwambiri miyambo, chidwi. Pa tsiku lina wa chaka chilichonse anatuluka mu msewu ndi kuyimba, kuvina ndi onse palimodzi mu malikhweru wenzulo. Zochita izi, iwo kugwadira achibale akufa, anali motsimikizika mwambo kukumbukira. Pambuyo zokhudza anthu anachita angapemphe Mulungu kuti chirichonse chimene inu ankafuna. Ena chifukwa mvula, ena anayamika Mulungu chifukwa cha kukolola, kapena kuti nyengo yabwino. Zonse kukhala wosangalala ndi moyo.

Filimonovskaya akamaumba lero

Pakuti ambiri filimonovo chidole, chekeni kanjedza dongo, ndi za tanthauzo la m'mbiri. Pa chiyambi cha ambuye m'ma 20 Filimonovsky kupenta zochepa kwambiri. Ngati iwo sanawonekere chidwi Nikolai Denisov kuti luso wowerengeka mu 50s ndipo 80s zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndale za malonda idzakhala mpaka kalekale wapita.

Ndi chifukwa cha chilengedwe gulu la omaliza maphunziro a Abramtsevo School ndi kaphatikizidwe iwo ndi ana Filimonovsky ambuye, zilandiridwenso zimenezi zafika mlingo watsopano.

Filimonovsky utoto zidole komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa maziko ake dongo kumafunika nthawi. Kwa masiku angapo (za 3-5, malinga ndi kukula kwa zidole) chithunzi inayenera ankawachotsera ndi manja yonyowa. Izi zachitika kuti kuchotsa ming'alu ing'onoing'ono zimene zimachitika pa nthawi ya kuyanika wa mankhwala - chizindikiro cha dongo buluu.

Pokhapokha chidole ndi mouma, ndi ku ng'anjo, kumene amakhala okongola zoyera. Ndiyeno yekha kuyamba kujambula izo.

Ana ndi zidole wokongola

Great kulimbikitsana ndi kuthandizana kuti otanganidwa ndi mankhwala amenewa mu sukulu. Filimonovskaya kupenta ku sukulu ya mkaka - imodzi mwa ntchito yolenga, mwamphamvu mizu maphunziro ana.

Mu ndondomeko ya kupenta (watercolor ana kulemba) mphunzitsi anayambitsanso sanayambebe kupita kusukulu mbiri ya filimonovo chidole, mfundo yaikulu ya mitundu yake, komanso amamangirira ana luso wowerengeka kuwachititsa kuganiza ndi kumvetsetsa mmene luso zimakhudza miyoyo yathu m'tsogolo.

zidole Museum Filimonovsky

Kudutsa Russia, pali zinthu zakale ambiri ndi filimonovo chidole. The waukulu apadera zakale, ili mu dera Tula mu Odoev.

Mungapezeko amatanganidwa m'nyengo Filimonovsky kupenta, komanso kuyesa kuti adzaonetsa ndi chidole kuchokera mu thope la buluu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, aliyense mu chikumbukiro malo odabwitsa osati manja anu filimonovo chidole, chithunzi mu nyumbayi ndi zidindo za chozizwitsa, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri - zinachitikira ndi ambuye weniweni wa ntchito wakale.