Zidole Clay. zidole Clay - malikhweru. zidole utoto dongo

Russian zidole dongo ndi mbali ya miyoyo ya anthu kwa zaka zambiri. Luso lopanga gizmos awa ndi miyambo luso munaupereka ku mibadwomibadwo. Izi mwakuwoneka zokongoletsera ndi chimake cha kukongola, ntchito ndi moyo wa anthu Russian.

zidole Provenance dongo

Pa gawo la ofukula m'dziko lathu tapeza zidole wamkulu dongo, chibwenzi ku wachiwiri Zakachikwi BC. Iwo anali kulira, ziwiya zosiyanasiyana ndi yaing'ono zida dongo kufanana. Pa zofukulidwa (Moscow, Ryazan) zidole ndi zambiri chiyambi posachedwapa anapezeka. Iwo ankavala tanthauzo la chipembedzo ndipo chopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi za anthu, mbalame ndi akavalo. zidole izi analengedwa ndi kumutsatira dongo ndipo kenako calcining ng'anjo. Nthawi zina iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi penti ndi TACHIMATA ndi glaze.

Mbiri ya zidole dongo kutukuka kwambiri. kupanga ake m'zaka 17-18. mofulumira kwambiri. Ziwerengero anayamba kupangidwa mwachindunji malonda pa Spring Fair. Clay - pulasitiki ndi Zipangizo zofewa. Iye sanali kokha oyenera mapangidwe glassware. Kwa iye osemedwa chidole malikhweru zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi za anthu, mbalame, nyama, grematushki (maseche) ndi zina zambiri. Aliyense wojambula ali kalembedwe wake ndi mmene zinachitikira ndi zokongoletsa mankhwala. Ndi Alexis alendo ndi mphatso gizmos amenewa mwakufuna kwawo anayamba kugula nyumba yachifumu.

Ngakhale zidole dongo nzelu zonse kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu. Tikuchita kwa gawo lalikulu mu nyengo yophukira-yozizira, pamene nthawi lopanda nkhawa kumidzi, zinali zokwanira. Mpaka lero, zidole wowerengeka dothi sasiya kufunika kwake. Kukhazikika mu mitundu yonse ya Kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu, iye ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga kubweretsa kunyumba ya chitonthozo, chikondi ndi nthabwala zabwino.

zidole Folk dongo: kusiyana chiyambi ndi njira kupanga

Zidole angakhale osiyana mu zikuchokera dongo, anatengedwa zamanja, ndi kumutsatira mafashoni, lililonse la mtundu winawake wa mankhwala. Ndi bwino kuumbidwa zithunzi za dongo mafuta. Ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga zidole Filimonovsky. Aliyense mankhwala yodziwika ndi mitundu ina ndiponso mitundu, amene zimadalira mtundu wa dothi Anapezeka malo enaake, ndi katundu pulasitiki.

zidole Clay chopangidwa kale, ndi nthambi wapadera wa mbiya anasunga lero. Expressiveness ndi kuphweka - i waukulu mawerengeredwe mankhwala awa ndi amisiri wowerengeka.

Large otchuka ndi Russian ceramic chidole: Abashevo, Kargopol, Dymovskiy, Filimonov, etc.. Luso Izi muli kufalikira m'mayiko ambiri pa dziko lapansi.

Clay zidole Kargopol: nkhani ya chitsitsimutso

Dzinali, zamanja izi zifunika malo awo a chiyambi, tauni Kargopol wa dera Arkhangelsk, ndipo makamaka m'midzi yozungulira ichi. Kumeneko alimi choyamba cholinga zidole za angakwanitse mu malo awa zakuthupi - dongo.

Ndithu chidwi ndi nkhani ya chitsitsimutso cha asodzi a. Poyerekezera ndi zina luso, chitsitsimutso imene bungwe mu Soviet Union, luso zidole Kargopol ku Russia nthawi ina iyo inali pafupifupi anataya. Komabe, zitsanzo zina za mankhwala akhoza kupulumutsa ndi kubweretsa kwa zikomo pano tsiku Ulyana Babkina. Anakhoza kupereka moyo wachiwiri kwa kamodzi anasowa zamanja malingaliro. zidole Clay, zithunzi za amene anapereka m'munsimu kusonyeza payekha onse ndi makhalidwe malo awo a chiyambi.

Makamaka maonekedwe a zidole Kargopol

Kargopol zamanja, poyerekeza ndi achibale awo ena, amadziŵika ndi maganizo awo chachikale chinkawavuta ndithu. Komabe, iwo amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha nkhope zawo, kalembedwe ndi kupenta.

Ziwembu zidzasankhidwa amangosankha m'magulu 2:

• Chidole nkhani, kusonyeza khalidwe kumidzi, komanso recreating nthano. Nzika kungakhale chosiyana - "The mtsikana kumbuyo zovala," "Asodzi", "akavalo atatu" ndi zina zotero.
• Mpesa mitundu - mitundu yonse ya zinyama, Polkan (a munthu ndi thupi akavalo), Anapempha (mkazi ndi nkhunda manja ake).

Zofunika kwambiri zidole mwambo mutu deta ndi "mkazi ndi amake," ndiwo prototypes a magulu a moyo a "mayi - pa yonyowa pokonza lapansi" ndi dzuwa. ankakonda A mwa kachitidwe Kargopol ambuye wamkazi zili "Bobok."

ambuye masiku ano anabwera ndi nkhani latsopano pokhalabe zizindikiro Kargopol zidole. Iwo okha wachulukitsa kuchuluka kale wachuma wa zithunzi za luso zimenezi.

Ngati inu kutsatira miyambo yonse, utoto chidole zili ndi njereza, utoto mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma popanda gloss ndi zida zosinthira. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana mitundu, mithunzi, kuphatikizapo owala, zikuwoneka muffled ndithu. Nkhope kujambula wosavuta.

Pantchito chibadidwe

Utoto dongo zidole ndi mwachilungamo wophweka, koma zimatengera chiyambi chake kuyambira nthawi yakale. Apa mutha kuona rectangles, ovals, diamondi, zikwapu, mikwingwirima, speckles, oblique mitanda. Achikhalire inki Amakhala makamaka a bulauni, ocher, wakuda, wobiriwira, njerwa zofiira ndi buluu mitundu. Pasanathe ambiri anawonjezera siliva ndi utoto golide.

Clay malikhweru: tanthauzo lake ndi zikhulupiriro

Monga mwana bwanji dongo chidole-malikhweru ankaonera ndi posachedwapa. Poyamba, mu masiku a milungu yachikunja, Chiwerengerochi anali zamatsenga tanthauzo. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito pokana mizimu yoipa.

Pinezhsky chiwembu limati chidole amatha kunyengerera matenda. Cholinga chomwecho ndipo ndi whistles osiyana. Nthawi zambiri kuumbidwa mu mawonekedwe a nyama zosiyanasiyana ndipo mbalame, amene ambiri, ndipo mutu mwambo wa zidole Russian wowerengeka.

M'dera Tula ankakhulupirira kuti malikhweru akanakhoza kutenga kuwonongeka pa munthu ndi kubwerera kwa munthu amene ndinawatumizira. Anthu kapena mitundu ina ya kanjedza kungathandize matenda osiyanasiyana. Monga ulamuliro, iwo anakonza kutsogolo pa zenera kuteteza mwana ku choipa matenda.

M'zaka za m'ma 19 mu Vyatka anagwirizira mwambo wakale wa ntchito chidole malikhweru, lakonzedwa kutulutsa mizimu yoyipa ndi kukopa wabwino. holide imeneyi ankatchedwa "bedlam" kapena "Whistler". Masiku akulu ndi ana anali kuliza malikhweru mu malikhweru dongo, ankachita kuvina ndi kusangalala.

ndi umunthu wa handicrafts zopangidwa dongo chiyani?

Poganizira ntchito onse oyambirira ndi ambuye ano, kuphatikizapo kunja, inu mukhoza kuwona wambiri zamanja zosiyanasiyana svistkovyh. Izo zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga mwa Birdie - chida cha kuboola mabowo zizichita. Pamodzi kutalika kwa zida zonse ndi pafupi zofanana - kuchokera 80 mamilimita 100 mm. Komabe, chigawo mtanda kungakhale ndithu zosiyanasiyana - kuzungulira, chowulungika kapena anayi.

Birdie lililonse mbuye - ndi chida wake, wopangidwa mwa iyeyekha, kotero njira ndi onse osiyana, ndipo zotsatira zake, motero, wosiyana ndi ena. Komabe, amadziwika njira yopangira malikhweru mwamtheradi popanda zimasintha uliwonse, kumene pa sukuluyi ndi manja okha.

Mtengo wa luso mu dziko lamakono

Kupanga zidole dongo - ndi ndondomeko payekha munthu aliyense. kwambiri kusiyana mu mabwalo sukulu. Ndi thandizo lawo, ukhoza kuitana chidwi ana ndi kukonda chikhalidwe dziko, maluso injini ya manja ndi kukoma luso kuphunzitsa kupirira, khama ndi kuleza mtima.

Katundu wa dongo ntchito kupanga zidole

N'kosavuta kwa ndikuganiza kuti zidole dongo, kuphatikizapo malikhweru, zopangidwa dongo. Mu mawonekedwe zachilengedwe angapezeke mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri pambuyo kuwombera chingasinthe mtundu zoyera kapena wofiira. Choncho, unadziwika ngati "belozhguschayasya" kapena "krasnozhguschayasya".

gawo dongo

Krasnozhguschayasya dongo kufalitsidwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zopezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje, zigwembe ndiponso otsetsereka. Angagwiritsidwenso pa pomanga pansi yomanga.

Koma muyenera kudziwa kuti dongo achilengedwe kapena moyo si nthawi zonse oyenera kupanga handicrafts, popeza Nthawi zambiri zosafunika zosiyanasiyana - miyala ing'onoing'ono, mchenga ndi zina zotero. Clay ndi mchenga mpaka 5% amatchedwa "mafuta", ndi munthu amene chiwerengero cha mchenga 30%, amatchedwa "Taphunzira."

Kuti apange mkulu khalidwe mluzu chuma ayenera pafupifupi mafuta okhutira (10-15%).

Kukonzekera mfundo za ntchito

Clay mtanda kapena misa ceramic, ndi osakaniza wadutsa njira zina, kenako ali okonzeka kupanga mbiya. Mu lonse mafakitale kwa makina wapaderawu ntchito -. Press, zowonetsera, mphero mpira, etc. Koma ndondomeko lonse akhoza m'Chingelezi chosavuta kupanga izo zedi yaing'ono.

Magawo a luso:

• Imbani mu miyala ya dongo. Small mtanda chuma ayenera woyengeka m'ng'anjo ya kuonetsetsa woyenerera ntchito.
• Padziko woyera linakwiriridwa apezeka ndi zouma.
• Kenako, afafanize, ndi kuchotsa tchipisi zosafunika alipo, miyala ndi masamba a udzu m. P.
• Unyinji woyengeka ndi kuwonjezera madzi pa mlingo wa magawo atatu ndipo gawo limodzi la dongo madzi. Njira yothetsera anali bwinobwino wosanganiza.
• Kulemba kulemera kumbali mpaka pansi zikukhazikitsa chovuta kwambiri (mchenga ndi miyala). Otsala madzi Mukalongosola pamafunika chatsanulidwa.
• Bale pakati wosanjikiza dothi ndi kumiza izo mu mphika kapena chidebe gypsum.
• Lolani osakaniza kuti ziume kuti nkhungu chikhalidwe mayeso, kenako pa ntchito izo si n'kudziphatika kwa manja.
• Knead dongo kuchotsa thovu owonjezera mpweya.
• Khalidwe la chuma akhoza kufufuzidwa motere: mpukutu tourniquet ndi awiri a 15-20 mm, kukhotetsa pang'onopang'ono mu theka. Ngati Kukweza mawu malo kukhala yosalala, popanda ming'alu kapena pafupifupi popanda, ndiye misa ili ndi oyenera kupanga malikhweru.
• Kuti molondola kupulumutsa misa imaikidwa mu thumba pulasitiki ndi mwamphamvu pafupi izo. Mwaichi, dongo akhoza kusungidwa pa kutambasuka kwa miyezi ingapo. The adzauma mtanda, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera pang'ono madzi ndi peremyat izo bwinobwino.

Ngati zolinga zanu - kupanga chabe angapo malikhweru, inu muyesera kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zilipo popanda pamwamba chisanadze mankhwala. Clay ena minda wokonzeka ntchito. Ngati simungathe kukonza zinthu kutchulidwa njira, ndiye zikhoza kugulidwa pa mabizinezi chinkhoswe mu kupanga mankhwala ceramic, m'masitolo luso masitolo Intaneti.