Simenti - izo ... The zikuchokera, makhalidwe, mitundu ndi kupanga simenti

Nthawi zonse anthu zofuna zawo ankachita nawo kumanga kuchokera nyumba wakale mwaluso ano luso. Nyumba ndi nyumba zina anakhalabe wangwiro, kuyenera kukhala chinthu kuti sadzakhala kuwola mbali constituent payokha.

Simenti - zakuthupi kuti ntchito gulu la zinthu nyumbayi. ntchito yake yayikulu m'dziko masiku ano. Izo ntchito muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu, ndipo anthu amasankha tsoka la onse zipangizo.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Cementing zipangizo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kalelo. Choyamba chinali dongo yaiwisi. Chifukwa omasuka ake yodalirika ndi kufalitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse. Koma chifukwa cha kukhuthala ofooka ndi mtendere wa dongo anagwetsa kutenthetsa zipangizo ankachitira.

Mu Egypt zipangizo yomanga choyamba khalidwe anali okonzeka. Izi laimu ndi pulasitala. Iwo angathe kuumitsa mu mlengalenga, motero kuti ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. zomangira awa akwaniritsa, silinafike anayamba kukhala navigation. M'pofunika chinthu chatsopano chimene sankafuna kanthu za madzi.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, izo kupangidwa zakuthupi - romantsement. Ndi mankhwala akhoza anaumitsa madzi ndi mu mlengalenga. Koma chinawonjezeka chitukuko cha mafakitale amafuna zipangizo bwino ndi katundu kumanga. M'zaka za m'ma XIX izo anatulukira chinthu chatsopano kumangidwa. Njirayi imatchedwa Portland simenti. Nkhanizi ntchito lero. Ndi chitukuko cha anthu kwa binder woyikidwa zofuna latsopano. Pakuti aliyense makampani amagwiritsa mtundu wake, amene ali ndi katundu kutero.

kapangidwe

Simenti - ndi mbali yaikulu ya zomangamanga. The Gawo mmenemo muli dongo ndi laimu. Iwo ali osokonezeka pamodzi ndi pansi kutenthetsa mankhwala. Ndiye misa chifukwa ndi milled ndi ufa wosalala. Gray kusakaniza chabwino - ichi ndi simenti. Pamene wothira madzi, kulemera ati amene adzakhale ngati mwala. Mbali yaikulu ndi luso anaumitsa mu mlengalenga kupewa chinyezi.

Kukonzekera grout

Kuti kumanga misa kunali koyenera khalidwe la ayenera muli osachepera 25% madzi. Kusintha chiŵerengero mu zotsatira malangizo m'munsi ntchito katundu wa njira komanso ubwino wake. Atilanda pambuyo Mphindi 60 Kuwonjezera madzi, ndipo pambuyo maola 12, osakaniza wotaya elasticity ake. Zidalira pa kutentha mpweya. The apamwamba ndi mothamanga kwambiri, anaumitsa misa.

Njira yothetsera amafuna mchenga umene simenti anawonjezera. The osakaniza chifukwa anali bwinobwino wosakaniza ndi anathira madzi. Malinga ndi ntchito opangidwa njira kungakhale ochiritsira kapena ogwira mtima. Woyamba tichipeza anapangira 1: 5, ndipo chachiwiri - 1: 2.

Mitundu ndi simenti yopanga

Pa nthawi, kanali mitundu ya binder. Aliyense yodziwika ndi digiri yake ya kuuma, amene anasonyeza mwa chizindikiro.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ndi:

• Portland simenti (laimu). Ndi tate wa mitundu yonse. mtundu uliwonse ndi ntchito ngati maziko. Kusiyana ndi kuchuluka ndi zikuchokera zina zimene opatsa zofunika katundu simenti. The ufa yokha ali ndi imvi wobiriwira mtundu. Pamene kuwonjezera madzi ikamauma ndi prochneet. Osati ntchito palokha zomangamanga, ndipo ngati maziko a chilengedwe zipangizo gulu.
• A zikuchokera plasticized kumachepetsa ndalama, amatha kuchotsa kuyenda njira ndi wotsutsana ndi bwino kuti ozizira.
• Slag simenti. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha onongani chibanthu, kuphulika-ng'anjo slag ndi kuwonjezera woukitsa. Ntchito yomanga kwa kupanga njira ndi konkire.

• Aluminous. Nyamayi mkulu ntchito mlingo kolowera (mphindi 45) ndi solidification (zonse amapezeka mkati mwa maola 10). Komanso ofala ndi kukana chodziwa kuti chinyezi.
• Acid. Popangidwa ndi kusakaniza silika mchenga ndi sodium wochuluka silicofluoride. Koloko anawonjezera kuti akonze njira waterglass. The ntchito simenti ngati - kukana ku zidulo. Sangathe - moyo yaing'ono.
• Mtundu. Popangidwa ndi kusakaniza Portland simenti ndi pigment zinthu. Mtundu zachilendo ntchito zolinga kukongoletsa.

kupanga simenti wapangidwa ndi magawo anayi:

• M'zigawo za zipangizo ndi kukonzekera.
• Yowotcha ndi kupanga chibanthu.
• Akupera ndi ufa wosalala.
• Zowonjezera zofunika wodetsedwa.

Njira ulimi wa simenti

Pali 3 njira, amene amadalira yaiwisi yokonza zinthu mankhwala matenthedwe:

• Yonyowa. Ndi njira imeneyi, masiteji onse kupanga simenti chofunika kuchuluka kwa madzi alipo. Izo ntchito mu zochitika kumene Gawo amalephera nawo ndondomeko popanda madzi. Iwo choko ndi mnyontho mkulu, dongo pulasitiki kapena laimu.

• Youma. Onse simenti masitepe kupanga anayesedwa ndi zipangizo munali kuchuluka osachepera madzi.
• Pamodzi. Simenti kupanga zikuphatikizapo njira onse yonyowa ndi youma. osakaniza koyamba simenti amapangidwa ndi madzi, ndiye izo osasankhidwa pazipita zipangizo zina zapadera.

konkire

Izi chuma nyumbayi, yomwe aumbike mwa kusakaniza simenti, ndi filler, ndi zina madzi zofunika. M'mawu ena, ndi osakaniza wouma, womwenso wophwanyidwa mwala, mchenga, madzi ndi simenti. Konkire amakhala ndi kapangidwe kake a matope ndi filler makulidwe.

Gawo

Malinga wotani binder ntchito, konkire akhoza kukhala:

• Simenti. The yofala kwambiri yomanga. Pa mtima wa simenti Portland ntchito, komanso osiyanasiyana.
• Gypsum. Chathandiza mphamvu. Nkhani binder akutengedwa gypsum.
• Polima. B zachokera poliyesitala utomoni. Oyenera ntchito pa pamalo yopingasa ndi choimirira. Ndi nkhani yabwino yokongola ndi malo.
• Silicate. Binder chuma chuma siliceous ndi laimu. Malinga ndi katundu zofanana kwambiri ndi simenti ndi ntchito kupanga nyumba analimbitsa simenti.

Malinga ntchito, konkire akhoza kukhala:

• Normal. Ntchito yomanga mafakitale ndi boma.
• Special. Ndinapeza ntchito zake nyumba hayidiroliki, komanso msewu, zokutira zitsulo ndi mapepala kukongoletsa.
• cholinga chapadera. mwala kugonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, matenthedwe ndi mavuto ena yeniyeni.

Mtengo wa simenti

Opanga kubala mankhwala mmatumba ndi kulemera. Kulemera matumba a simenti 35, 42, 26, ndi makilogalamu 50. Ndi kwambiri zaphindu kugula Baibulo posachedwapa. Ndi kwambiri yabwino kukopera ndi limakupatsani kupulumutsa pa ma CD. Malinga nkhaniyi, yomwe idzachitike mpandawo ntchito simenti, zopangidwa zosiyanasiyana, ndi mtengo yake. Ngati malipiro chiwerengedwa iliyonse thumba la simenti. mtengo wake ndi amodzi ndi zingasiyane malingana ndi zonena za bizinezi.

Musanayambe kuwerenga mtengo ndalama, muyenera kusankha pa nuance chimodzi kwambiri. Nthawi zina mukhoza kuona malonda, imene mwachindunji Mtengo m'munsimu muyezo. Muyenera kugwa kwa msampha. Zikatero, ndi simenti mtengo kuchepetsedwa mtengo. Kuwina rubles ochepa, sungataye monga chuma nyumba.

Tengani 50 mapaundi thumba la simenti. Price mtundu M400D0 adzakhala 220 rubles. mtengo zina zosiyanasiyana, koma pa avareji ndi:

• M400D20 - 240 rubles.
• M500D0 - 280 rubles.
• M500D20 - 240 rubles.

Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kokha angapo matumba a simenti, ndi yopindulitsa kwambiri kugula m'sitolo m'dera zogulitsa a zipangizo yomanga. Ndipo ngati mukufuna chiwiya, lemberani fakitale.

kumwa simenti

Pamaso pogwira ntchito iliyonse yomanga pali funso mmene simenti pali zinthu zofunika zimene malamulowo kukhala yankho. Choncho, mphamvu ayenera anakhalabe ndi kukhala kuposa Kugwirizana zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Pamene kukhala ndi udindo yoopsa ntchito, kusakaniza ndi simenti ndi mchenga "ndi diso" ndi zosayenela. Ngati mulibe chisoni nkhani cementitious, chifukwa lalikulu zedi ndalama limanena yaikulu ndalama.

Choncho zimene simenti ndi zofunika kuchita ntchitoyi? Anayankha thandizo nyumba malamulo (SNIP). Izi amaganizira zinthu zonse zokhudza ulimi wa kusakaniza. Kuganizira pa mtundu wa kapangidwe ndi kutenga nkhani zochitika zonse, tikhoza bwino kudziwa simenti mowa pa mlingo pa 1 mita kiyubiki wa njira.

Mbali yaikulu, zomwe si kuganizira kutukula ambiri - ndi simenti ndi anagawira mu voids pakati pa particles mchenga. Kumbukirani kuti zikuchokera kugwira ntchito. Pa yosungirako yaitali mu chipinda 500 chizindikiro mu miyezi ingapo adzakhala 400. Choncho, pamene kugula nthawi zonse muyenera kupempha kalata kuchokera tsiku la nkhani.