Boma la Russia khoma. Amene anaikidwa pafupi khoma Kremlin? Lawi wosatha pa khoma Kremlin

Mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu likulu, chimene Moscow anazindikira ngakhale alendo - Wall Kremlin. Ngakhale poyambirira analembedwa mpanda kumbuyo, tsopano akutumikira, kani, ntchito kukongoletsa ndi ndi mapulani chipilala. Koma popanda izi, m'zaka otsiriza Kremlin khoma muja malo m'manda a anthu otchuka mu dziko. necropolis Izi ndi manda a chidwi kwambiri mu dziko ndipo wakhala mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri zipilala mbiri ya likulu ndi malo kuchezera zikwi alendo.

Mbiri ya linga Kremlin

Modern tione zinatengera m'zaka za m'ma 16. Kuti inamangidwa Kremlin makoma njerwa zofiira pa malo mwala wakale woyera, ndi chabe chakum'mawa kwa malo Kremlin anali kukodzedwa. Linamangidwa ndi amisiri Italy. The mawonekedwe a linga la boma la Russia linga mobwerezabwereza mawonekedwe ndipo anali kuoneka ndi makona osasamba. Munthu wotere pa makilomita awiri ndi msinkhu wa mamita kuchokera zisanu ndi ziwiri. Makoma apamwamba anali ku Red Square. Top Kremlin khoma chokongoletsedwa ndi mano amene zooneka ngati amalumikizana ndi. Pali zoposa zikwi, ndipo pafupifupi onse ndi slits yopapatiza. Mpanda ndi lonse, pafupifupi mamita, izo zoti embrasures ambiri ndi kusintha. Kunja, ndi yosalala, ndi njerwa olimba wofiira. Pa 20 nsanja osiyanasiyana anamanga khoma. Wotchuka wa iwo - Mpulumutsi, amene boma la Russia chimes. Kuwonjezera mtengo wake mapulani ndi mbiri yakale, tsopano boma la Russia Wall amakopa alendo komanso olengedwa necropolis atumwi wotsiriza. Iye ali ngati manda, omwe anakhala chikumbutso.

Kupanga Kremlin necropolis

Woyamba awiri manda misa pafupi khoma Kremlin anaonekera mu November 1917. Iwo inali pa Red Square pakati Nikol'skii ndi Spassky Chipata. Anakwiriridwa 200 asilikali mayina amene anaphedwa pa October kuukira boma. Mu zaka khumi zotsatira, woposa khumi misa m'manda pafupi ndi khoma. Ndipo mazana atatu m'manda mu Bolsheviks kudziwika mayina 110 okha. Mu ulemu mwa iwo akhala dzina lake misewu ambiri ndi mabwalo ku likulu ndiponso mizinda ina. Mpaka 1927 za boma la Russia khoma, ndipo ngakhale akufa m'manda anafa za zomwe atsogoleri chilengedwe cha zinthu zisinthe. Panalinso maliro umodzi wa anthu otchuka a nthawi.

Amene anaikidwa pafupi khoma Kremlin mu zaka zoyambilira?

• Manda woyamba umodzi pa khoma Kremlin kumeneko mu 1919. Iwo anaikidwa Ya. M. Sverdlov.
• Mu 20s oyambirira kanjedza ambiri otchuka wa chipani ndi boma anakwiriridwa m'manda payekha: M. V. Frunze, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, M. V. Kalinin ndi ena.
• Mu zaka zoyambilira za boma la Russia Wall Necropolis m'manda monga Achikominisi yachilendo. Apa m'manda Dzhon kuchotsa, Clara Zetkin, Inessa Armand ndi Sam Katayama.
• Popeza 1924, likulu anakhala necropolis a boma la Russia Mausoleum ku womwe unali thupi la V. I. Lenina. Malowa anali kukhala nsanja otchuka anthu.

Manda 30-80-ntchentche

Pambuyo 1927 anaganiza kuti m'manda pafupi boma la Russia khoma chokha abale ena a gulu ndi boma, komanso asayansi aakulu. Fraternal manda anasiya, koma pamaso 1985 mu necropolis m'manda anthu ambiri otchuka.

• mamembala a gulu ndi boma: Budyonny, Suslov, Brezhnev, Andropov ndi Chernenko;
• kumayambiriro 60 ntchentche za Lenin Mausoleum ankanyamula ndipo m'manda pafupi boma la Russia khoma thupi la I. V. Stalina;
• Onse afa Mulingo wa polimbana Zhukov, mwachitsanzo;
• oyendetsa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, Chkalov, cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin ndi ena ambiri;
• Karpinski kudziwika asayansi, Kurchatov ndi Korolev;
• necropolis Alendo chidwi amene anaikidwa mu khoma Kremleskoy ukhoza kuona maina a mayi Lenin, mkazi wake N. K. Krupskoy, wolemba limakhulupirira Gorky, Lunacharsky Commissar wa Maphunziro, ndi ena ambiri.

Kodi m'manda ku necropolis chiyani?

Mpaka 80s oyambirira ankagwiritsa ntchito pa maliro a anthu otchuka Kremlin khoma. Kuikidwa pambali pa iye anali a mitundu iwiri:

1. Kudzanja lamanja la mausoleum pafupi ndi mpanda Kremlin zili manda a otchuka kwambiri wa chipanichi ndi boma. Iwo chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi sculptural - busts wa wotchuka ziboliboli Merkurov, Tomsk, ndi zina Rukavishnikova. Munthu wotsiriza m'manda pafupi ndi mpanda Kremlin, anali K. U. Chernenko, anali komweko mu 1985.
2. Ambiri a anthu m'manda mu necropolis wa unachita kutenthedwa. Urns ndi phulusa la kwawo imbedded mpanda Kremlin pa mbali zonse za Senate nsanja. Mayina awo ndi masiku a moyo lalembedwa slabs chikumbukiro. Okwana khoma kugona zotsalira za anthu 114 lalikulu - asayansi, asilikali, andale ndi chombo. Otsiriza anaikidwa m'njira D. F. Ustinov.

Kodi wina wodziwika Kremlin khoma ndiye?

Manda, kukopa alendo osati mu Red Square. Boma la Russia Wall Necropolis akulowa achikumbutso "manda a msirikali wosadziwika" ili ndi Alexander Garden. Izo analengedwa mu 1967 ulemu chifukwa cha tsiku la 25 la kumasulidwa kwa Moscow. Mapulusa a msirikali wosadziwika pa mfuti ophimba monga mbali ya pamaliro chinali Zelenograd. Mawonekedwe yamakono ya chikumbutso si anatengedwa yomweyo. manda Msilikali anakhazikitsidwa tombstone ndi zikuchokera anapanga zamkuwa chosungunula. Pa m'makwinya a nkhondo mbendera chisoti msilikali ndi nthambi mlombwa. Wamuyaya lawi pa khoma Kremlin likugwirizana zikuchokera. Pambuyo pake, yawonjezedwa Alley ndi mayunitsi porphyry, amene kusungidwa pansi pa dziko khumi m'mizinda amasewera ndipo mu 2010 panali chikumbutso lubwe 10-mita wosema. Komanso limaimira chikumbukiro m'mizinda ngwazi. Mbali yofunika lonse la zikuchokera ndi lokha chikumbutso khoma Kremlin. Photos of malo kudziŵika kokha mu Russia komanso kunja.

Mbiri ya necropolis ndi

Pafupifupi zaka zana, pali mtundu wa manda. maonekedwe ake linasinthidwa kangapo, ndipo 50s iye akhafuna kutseka ndi kusuntha fumbi mpumulo uko mu malo ena. Tinakonza kuti tichite kulenga gulu lapadera, koma polojekiti posakhalitsa kutsekedwa. Pa tsoka la necropolis si zambiri zikuchitika mu dziko potengera zochitika zandale. Ngakhale ndondomeko ndi mwamanyazi, osati m'manda pakhoma, koma m'manda alipo si inathetsedwa. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1974, ndi necropolis anapanga chiwerengero cha zipilala anthu, ndipo iye anali otetezedwa ndi boma. A mbali ya izo - manda a msirikali wosadziwika - wakhala kopita wotchuka alendo ndiponso maulendo a mayiko akunja. Kwa zaka zambiri kulankhula za kuwonongedwa kwa necropolis ndi kulanda phulusa komweko pa manda wamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa si achipembedzo kokha, komanso za ndale. Koma malinga panopa Russian malamulo, pamafunika kupeza chilolezo cha achibale, omwe nthawi zambiri n'zosatheka. Kotero tsopano necropolis anakhala mapulani ndi mbiri chipilala. Alendo ambiri amakonda kukaona khoma Kremlin.

kutanthauza necropolis

Kuyambira zaka zoyambirira za pochimanga, lasanduka malo a lumbiro la asilikali kutsogolo kwa parades Mausoleum. Pa maholide, manda a msirikali wosadziwika anatumizidwa nkhata. Ndipo mu zaka zapitazo, ndi mtengo mlonda okhazikika ulemu wa asilikali a Regiment mutsogoleli wadziko. Malowa kukaona mwa nthumwi ena ndi alendo osati pa maholide, komanso pa masiku wamba. Osati aliyense amadziwa amene anaikidwa pafupi khoma Kremlin, koma kuti chikumbutso alipo, amadziwika osati Russia komanso kunja. necropolis uyu anali mmodzi wa zopatsa chidwi kwambiri Moscow.