Zipilala mbiri ya Russia. Kufotokozera misewu m'mbiri yakale Moscow

zipilala mbiri ya Russia, malinga 2014, ndi mndandanda wa mayunitsi 1007, osiyana mu tanthauzo lake. Aliyense chinthu cholowa chikhalidwe la Russia ali ndi digiri ena a mtengo luso. Munthu Russian zipilala mbiri m'gulu la UNESCO World Heritage List. Pakali pano, pali 26 amenewa maofesi, umene 10 ikukhudzana bwanji ndi dera chikhalidwe, 6 amaonedwa katswiri wa kufunika dziko, ndi wina 10 ndi zochitika zachilengedwe ku Russia ndi zizindikiro za wapadera zokongoletsa pempho.

Chiyembekezo cha kuzindikiridwa

Twente-foro Russian chipilala ili pa siteji kulowa mu UNESCO akaundula monga mbali ya 1988 Convention ya Cultural World ndi Natural Heritage. zipilala zakale zomwe ndiotetezedwa ndi boma - kwenikweni zinthu lofunika kwambiri, udindo wa chitetezo chokwanira.

Mlandu ndi systematization

Pofuna kugonjera chinthu chikhalidwe, upange kufotokoza chipilala mbiriyakale ndi dongosolo la zochitika zokhudza zikamera ake. Childs, izi intervals epochal nthawi. Udindo wa chipilala kuti moyo m'dziko la pagulu, nthawi zambiri educative ndiponso dziko lawo tanthauzo. Kufotokozera za chipilala mbiri Pankhaniyi amakhala kuvomerezedwa, ayenera m'gulu pulogalamu ya sekondale ndi apamwamba sukulu.

Kutchuka kwa katswiri Russian

Pali Russian buku chikhalidwe zinthu zingapo zimene amadziwa kuti nzika iliyonse. Izi zipilala mbiri, wotchuka osati Russia komanso kunja. phindu sitingalephere kukambapo. Choyamba, ndi mbiri zipilala wa Moscow, kuphatikizapo St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo, Red Square, boma la Russia, chipilala kuti Minin ndi Pozharsky. Onse a iwo anaikira mu malo likulu Russian. Other zipilala mbiri ya Moscow ali pa mtunda wina, koma zimenezi sizitanthauza kuti mbiri ulemu wawo. zinthu zonse chikhalidwe otetezedwa ndi boma.

Zikhalidwe World

zipilala mbiri ya dziko ili mu madera osiyana a dziko. Izi ndi Eiffel Tower ku Paris, ndi Reichstag mu Berlin, ndi Taj Mahal ku India, mapiramidi wa Farao wa ku Iguputo komanso anthu ena ambiri. zipilala mbiri silinawononge, kupatula kuukira woipitsitsawu zigawenga za aziphunzitso kwambiri.

A chitukuko amatanthauza cholowa cha kale ndi ulemu ndi zipilala mbiri ndiotetezedwa ndi kusungidwa woyenera. Pali zosiyanasiyana ndalama za boma ndi oziyimila paokha chifukwa kuteteza zinthu chikhalidwe.

Zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho panja

Luso la cholowa mbiri zambiri kuposa zaka zana. Mbali ya chiopysezo kwambiri mu wosanjikiza chikhalidwe - ndi lodabwitsa la zomangamanga, amene akuvutika ndi sinali bwino nyengo. Choncho zipilala chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale a zomangamanga asawonongedwe. Ena mwa iwo anathandiza kuti chifuniro cha chibadwidwe, monga dziko wotchuka Colosseum. chipilala ichi chimatengedwa ngati cholowa dziko kukuchitika chifukwa choti mtundu dilapidated.

katswiri mapulani

Ambiri mwa zipilala mbiri ya chikhalidwe bwino, popeza yogwira chionetsero zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho dziko ya cholowa chikhalidwe. zinthu izi monga Cathedral St. Basil mu Moscow, Cathedral St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg, Sergiev Posad mpingo.

Ambiri, manda onse chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale wa Russia kukuteteza boma, ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi nyumba zowonjezera. matupi boma la otumikira kuchita zonse kupulumutsa katswiri amapanga golide thumba la dziko.

Mitundu ya zipilala mbiri

chikhalidwe anawagawa m'magulu, kuphatikizapo rarities ndi katswiri kwa nyengo zosiyana. Luso kuti ndi yofunika mbiri amapanga gulu lapadera, koma zili m'malo osiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awa:

• Kamangidwe zipilala (monga Kazan Cathedral ku St. Petersburg).
• Chipilala cha Ulemerero (Mama mu Volgograd).
• Luso la zilembo zakale (Mkuwa pamahatchi - Kukwera Akavalo fano la Peter Ine mu St. Petersburg).
• Ziboliboli monga mafano ndi umunthu omwe anasiya chizindikiro awo mu mbiri (Alexander Ine, Square St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg).
• Thematic malo (Sevastopol Bay, chikumbukiro zombo anataya).
• Natural yaikulu mapangidwe (Krasnoyarskii mizati).

zipilala mbiri ya mzinda,

maphunziro apadera chikhalidwe m'gawo la Russia, ndi mtengo ethnographic. mzinda uno yachilendo mbiri zakale. Chitsanzo ndi mzinda-chipilala Eniseisk, amene wopyoza nthawi zingapo chitukuko. Kuyambira m'zaka za chakhumi ndi chitatu, iwo unagawidwa ndipo zimagwira chinasanduka likulu la malonda ubweya, ndiye linagwedeza liwiro golide.

Mizinda Yakale, zipilala ndi malo ankaona nkhondo amunamuna a Kursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd ndi ena. "Palibe iyiwalika, kanthu iyiwalika" - Mwambi awo, otsiriza kudzera zaka zambiri.

Wotchuka Russian zipilala

• Pakatikati wotchuka wa St. Petersburg ndi zipilala angapo chikhalidwe: yozizira Palace (Hermitage), Palace Square, Alexander yachiwiri.
• Kazan Cathedral ku St. Petersburg wamanga A. Voronikhin (zaka za zomangamanga - 1801 - 1811). Anamanga kwa kusungiramo chizindikiro cha Lady Wathu Kazan. Mu 1812, Cathedral wa asilikali Russian kusiya nkhondo ndi Napoleon. kachisi anavekedwa Mfumu Paulo I. Kazan Cathedral, mwa zina, anali ngati manda a Field polimbana Mihaila Illarionovicha Kutuzova.

• Moscow Kremlin Museum, ndi mipingo.
• Red Square, Cathedral St. Basil ndi chipilala kuti Minin ndi Pozharsky, chingamu, ndi Mausoleum, the Historical Museum.
• The chikhalidwe zovuta "Islands Solovetsky" mu White Nyanja, amene analowa mu 1992 mu UNESCO mndandanda cholowa.
• Mapulani gulu loyimba wa Kizhi: Chiwalitsiro Mpingo wa mitu makumi awiri ndi zitatu, mwaluso a zomangamanga Russian matabwa a mpingo m'zaka za m'ma 18. Chitetezero Mpingo ndi gulu lapadera la zithunzi ndi nsanja belu anamanga kenako.
• Mzinda wa Novgorod ndi m'madera, kuphatikizapo convents zinayi: St. George, nyama, Anthony ndi Chizindikiro. Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu pa munda wofiira.
• Astrakhan Kremlin - mpanda, anamanga mkulu wa Ivana Groznogo mu 1558. Pa m'gawo lake pali: Cathedral wa Akukwera (ndi zisanu ozungulira, ndi zomera arched), Cyril yopemphereramo Prechistenskie chipata ndi belu nsanja, bishopu nyumba mpingo consistory, Cathedral wa Utatu Woyera, mapulani zovuta "Utatu-Sergio Lavra" mu Sergiev Posad.
• Pakatikati pa mbiriyakale ya Yaroslavl kumbuyo kwa zaka zikwizikwi. The nyumba zikuluzikulu zinamangidwa pa kusintha m'tawuni mapulani a Catherine II mu 1763. Mu 2005, mzinda anapanga UNESCO World Heritage Site.

• mzinda wakale wa Pskov. Kuyambira 1348 ankawaona likulu la mabwalo wodzilamulira wa Pskov. Mu 1510, izo linalanda ku Grand Duchy wa Moscow. Iye panopa ndi malo a Haji alendo. Makamaka pakati zokopa izi: boma la Russia, Pogankiny Komiti ya Pskov linga, Cathedral wa Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa Mirozhsky.
• Izmailovo - mapulani chipilala, akale achifumu Nyumbayi. Mu 1812 nyumba yaikulu anawononga pa nkhondo ya Napoleon. zaka sate-eyiti mu Izmailovo asilikali anatsegula ndi almshouse, amene kuyikidwa mu mwapadera anamanga nyumba yatsopano iyi.
• Vladimir-Suzdal zakale-Luso Reserve, gawo la Golden mphete ya Russia. Ndi chipilala wapadera wa zomangamanga wa zaka 12-13, woyera katswiri mwala amene kufunika sitingalephere kukambapo.
• Tanais - Museum-Reserve wa Archaeology. Yomwe ili m'kamwa mwa Don. Dera la malo - zikwi zitatu mahekitala, pa iwo pali mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe zipilala, kuyambira ndi nyengo Paleolithic. Kufotokoza kwa nyumbayi, mwa zina, kusonyeza heyday kwa Agiriki akale.

Mumadziwika zipilala zachilengedwe

• Nyanja Baikal - ndi malo achilengedwe tanthauzo dziko - zozama kwambiri mu dziko. Ilo liri ndi luso lapadera kutisambitsa yokha.
• Mapiri Kamchatka ku okwana 29 amene ali yogwira. Ena kunayambika zaka zikwi zinayi zapitazo Komabe kuzimiririka iwo sitinganene kuti nthawi yotsiriza, chifukwa mu kuya kwa chiphalaphala ali otentha. Wotero kuphulika Chigwa nthawi amaona nthunzi ndipo mpweya, kutanthauza kuti ali pansi ntchito fumarole.
• Golden Altai Mountains - wapadera malo mapangidwe, wopangidwa mwa okwera miyala ya kukongola lalikulu limene kugona m'dera la makilomita lalikulu sikisitini zikwi. Natural Chipilala m'gulu la UNESCO World Heritage List mu 1998.
• Curonian Malovu - yopapatiza Mzere wa mchenga yaitali makilomita 98, kulumikiza Chilituyaniya Klaipeda dera Kaliningrad ndipo alekanitsa Curonian Lagoon ndi Nyanja Baltic.
• Putorana Plateau - wapadera malo otetezedwa, kuphimba ena miliyoni makilomita lalikulu la dera la ku Central Siberia Plateau. Yodziwika ndi osakaniza kawirikawiri zinthu zachilengedwe nyengo, m'nkhalango Titafika pamalo pali pafupi ndi Arctic chipululu. Pali ambiri pristine nyanja m'chigawo, mitsinje, nayonso m'nkhalango. Mu Titafika pamalo a amasamukira zikwizikwi nswala kuthengo.
• Lena Nsanamira - paki zachilengedwe pa magombe a Lena. A angapo ovuta ofukula kuti kutambasula makilomita angapo, chifukwa cha kusokonekera tectonic mozungulira 400 zikwi zapitazo. Lena Nsanamira m'gulu UNESCO World Heritage List mu 2012.