Nthano: mwachidule cha "Mizimu Yakufa" ya Gogol

Kusintha mwachidule kwa ndakatulo "Dead Souls" N.V. Gogol ayambe ndi mfundo yakuti izi ndizochokera kwa wolemba wotchuka wa ku Ukraine N.V. Gogol, amene mwiniwakeyo adamutcha ndakatulo. Linapangidwa mwa mavoliyumu atatu, koma wolemba pafupifupi anawononga mwamphamvu buku lachiwiri, akutsutsa mawu akuti "mipukutu siimatenthe." Motero, kuchokera mu buku lachiwiri chabe machaputala angapo m'mabuku okhwima asungidwa. Voliyumu yachitatu inali chabe malingaliro a Gogol ndi chidziwitso chokhudza iye ndi chaching'ono kwambiri. Pamaso panu, zochepa za Gogol ndizo Miyoyo Yakufa.

Cholinga cha buku loyamba

Mumzinda wa N, mumzinda wa N, mumabwera munthu wamkulu, ndipo tsopano ndi wolemba masewero omwe amawoneka ngati mwini nyumba, Chichikov Pavel Ivanovich. Ntchito yoyamba ya Chichikov ndiyo kulowa m'dera lapamwamba. Ndipo ndi ntchito iyi imene wogwira amayendetsa bwino. Pavel Ivanovich mwamsanga amakhala mlendo wolandiridwa kumadyerero ndi mipira, kufunafuna chidaliro cha ena. Cholinga chachikulu cha Chichikov ndi kugula "miyoyo yakufa", ndiko kuti, anthu osafa, malinga ndi mapepala omwe akuwerengedwanso ngati anthu amoyo, ndi kubwezeretsanso kwawo kukhala moyo. Chifukwa chiyani? Ndi zophweka. Ndiye "olima" akhoza kubwezeretsedwa ndi kupeza ndalama zabwino. Chifukwa chiyani Chichikov, munthu wopusa komanso wochenjera? Chowonadi ndi chakuti munthu wamkulu ali ndi maloto: kuti akhale wolemera. Atatumikira ku miyambo, komwe adawotcha, kupereka ndalama kwa ogulitsa nsomba mwayi wogulitsa katundu. Chichikov anakangana ndi podelnikom ndipo adaipereka kwa akuluakulu a boma. Pofuna kuti asapite kundende, amathawa, atatenga mapepala, malaya, sopo. Iye sakanatha kuchotsa ndalama ku akaunti ya banki. Komabe, ngati chinthu china chachikulu koma chofooka, chiwopsezo cha Chichikov sichidalekerera zopanda pake. Chokhumudwitsa ndi mwini wake wachitsulo Nozdrev anakhala chopunthwitsa mu njira ya wobwebweta. Gulyaka anafulumizitsa kuuza mzinda wonse za zochita za Chichikov, pamene adaonjezeranso kuzinthu zonse za kugwidwa kwa mwana wamkazi wa bwanamkubwayo. Pavel Ivanovich nthawi yomweyo anadziyendetsa yekha ndi kuchoka mumzinda wokhala alendo, kutenga amalonda omwe anawatenga. Gogol sanathe kumapeto kwa gawo loyamba. M'malomwake, akutembenukira kwa wowerenga ndi funso lafilosofi: "Ndipo kodi siye wotsutsana naye?". Choncho, wowerenga aliyense amapeza mpata woganiza za moyo wake kwa mphindi, chifukwa makhalidwe a Chichikov ali ambiri.

Ankhondo ena a mizimu yakufa ya Gogol

Kuti muzindikire anthu omwe akufotokozedwa m'buku lino, ndibwino kuti musakhalepo. Wolembayo adatha kuchita zosavuta: moyo wopuma mumasewera olimba! Komabe, zochepa za "Mizimu Yakufa" ya Gogol sangathe kuchita popanda makhalidwe a anthu ena. Popeza munthu aliyense amapanga chikhalidwe, tiyeni tiwonekere Chichikov ndikumbuyo kwake.

Chichikov Pavel Ivanovich. Kuphatikiza pa ndondomeko yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa, mungathe kuzindikira kudetsa kwake ndi kuthekera kwake kuyang'ana zabwino ngakhale paulendo wautali. Selifan ndi mphunzitsi wachidule, wachifundo Chichikov. Wothandizira maonekedwe a kavalo ndi msinkhu wa atsikana aatali, ataliatali. Parsley ndi chimbudzi chosungunuka ndi chikwama Chichikov, wokonda vinyo ndi tavern wosangalatsa. Kuchapa sikukondanso komanso kununkhira mafuta onunkhira a thupi losasamba mu zovala zobvala zomwe zimachokera pamapewa a bwana. Braggart.

Phatikizani mwachidule za "Mizimu Yakufa" ya Gogol ndi anthu okhala mu mzinda N, chifukwa adathandiza mlembi kusonyeza Chichikov maluso ake onse. Kazembe, bwanamkubwa ndi mwana wawo wamkazi; Bwanamkubwa wa Vice; Mtsogoleri wa apolisi; Tcheyamani wa chipinda; Wosuma; Wotsogolera; A nyumba zingapo za Manilovs ndi ana a Themistocles ndi Alcides; Bokosi Nastasya Petrovna; Wolemba nyumba Nozdryov; Mbuye wa Mizhuev; Banja la Sobakevich; Mwini mwiniwake Stepan Plyushkin; Amalume Mityai ndi Minya; Zokondweretsa muzinthu zonse mkazi ndi mkazi wabwino chabe.

Zambiri za buku lachiwiri

Chidule cha "Mizimu Yakufa" ya Gogol pamutu wachiwiri imakhalanso wamfupi. Chifukwa - zigawo zosiyana ndi zojambulajambula, zatsalira pambuyo polemba wolembawo. Njira yabwino yowonekera ndiyo kujambula voliyumu yachiwiri mu nkhope yosankhidwa. Tentetnikov Andrei Ivanovich, kapena Derpennikov mwanjira ina, ndi mtundu wa chithunzi cha Oblomov: iye pang'onopang'ono amadzuka ndi kuyenda mu chovala chovala, salandira kawirikawiri alendo ndipo amachoka panyumba pake. Khalidwe lodabwitsa. Lingaliro lakuthwa la chilungamo likukankhira udani ndi pafupifupi aliyense woyandikana nawo. Nachitan ndi wophunzira, wolakalaka. Anatumikira mu nthawi yake mumzindawu, koma atakangana ndi bwana wake, adabwerera ku malo omwe adayesera kuti asinthe moyo wake. Iwo, komabe, sanamumvetse. Nthawi zina amajambula ndikuyesera kulemba ntchito za sayansi.

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. Zaka sizinasinthe malingaliro ake, komabe zinalimbikitsa luso lake kuti lizikhala ndi chidaliro ndikukambirana momasuka pa mutu uliwonse. Kulingalira ndi "mizimu yakufa" iye sanachoke, koma panthawiyi, eni eni eni ambiri amachotsa pepala, kotero Chichikov sichidzaloledwa. Ndinagula malowa, ndipo kumapeto kwa gawo lachiwiri ndikupeza chisokonezo, chomwe ine ndinatsala pang'ono kutha m'ndende. Panthawi ya ndakatuloyi pali ntchito yabwino: dziko la Tentetnikov ndi Betrischev, lomwe limapangitsa ukwati wa woyamba ndi mwana wamkazi wa onse.

Betrischev. Mwini nyumbayo, wamkulu, woyandikana nawo wa Tentetnikov. Mtundu wa achiroma omwe anali achiroma: opunduka, ofunika komanso olemekezeka. Samodour. Ali ndi mtima wabwino ndi chizoloŵezi chosewera pozungulira ena.

Ulin. Mwana yemweyu wa wamkulu, yemwe anakhala mkazi wa Tentetnikov pochita ndakatulo. Ali wamoyo, wogwira ntchito, wolemekezeka komanso wokongola kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti amadziwika pang'ono za khalidwe la mtsikanayo, koma Gogol amamukonda kwambiri, ndipo anakhala heroine wa voliyumu yachitatu, yomwe imati zambiri. Ndi ena ambiri.

Mungathe kupitiliza, koma bwanji? Mfundo zazikulu zafotokozedwa kale. Tingakulimbikitseni kuti muwerenge ndakatulo yolembedwa ndi N.V. Gogol. "Mizimu Yakufa", chidule chake chomwe chinaperekedwa m'nkhaniyi, sichimatanthauzira buku lachitatu, popeza silinalembedwe, kotero limangoganiziridwa. Pali chidziwitso chomwe Tentetnikov ndi mkazi wake ali ku Siberia, mwinamwake ali ku ukapolo. M'madera omwewo ndi Chichikov. Zonsezi ndi mphekesera ndi zibodza zomwe zili ndi mfundo zenizeni.