Mortars: specifications ambiri, zikuchokera, ntchito, GOST

Pakuti dera la ntchito yomanga ndi zina ndi bwino mfundo monga mortars. GOST 28013 (wovomerezeka ndi kuika mu mphamvu ndi boma stroykomiteta №7 USSR mu 1989. Iyo inali m'malo mwa Standard chomwecho, ovomerezedwa ndi State Komiti ya Russia №30 1998 Yomanga nalowa namkwatule July 1999) amatanthauzira monga ya mawu "matope mix", "youma matope", "njira" kudziŵa zofunika muyezo specifications ofanana ndi kulemekeza lokonzekera, kayendedwe, ndi chiphaso ndi khalidwe zizindikiro zawo.

Monga mbali akuti: mfundo sizikhudza kutentha ndi mankhwala mortars kugonjetsedwa.

mtondo ndi chiyani?

The zikuchokera njira ndi kulemba ndi kusakaniza bwinobwino mpaka zigawo yosalala: binder, akaphatikiza chabwino ndi kusanganikirana. Ngati ndi kotheka, zina zapadera mwina zidzawonjezedwa kwa njira. Conventionally ndi binder, kupereka yankho la elasticity, amachita monga simenti, gypsum kapena laimu. Pongotayira ndi amangoona mchenga, ndi kusanganikirana - madzi.

Sikutanthauza kuchiritsa, kwathunthu okonzekera ntchito pambuyo kulumikiza zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika amadziwika matope matope. Mtondo mix chingakhale wa zosakaniza youma, osokonezeka pa fakitale. Izi otchedwa youma matope. Anatseka madzi pamaso ntchito.

Unyinji anaumitsa chokhala mwala yokumba, mmene binder chimamanga pamodzi ndi mchenga particles, potero kuchepetsa mikangano, zimakambidwa ngati yankho.

mortars: specifications General

Mortars anawagawira motere.

Malinga binder mu zikuchokera amadziŵika:

1. Simple umodzi chigawo chimodzi - simenti, laimu kapena gypsum. Monga ulamuliro, amaimira chiŵerengero cha 1: 2, 1: 3, m'menemo 1 - gawo (kachigawo) ya binder ndi chiwerengero chachiwiri - mmene yambiri filler anawonjezera kuti mbali ina ya binder lapansi.

2. ovuta, wosanganiza, Mipikisano chigawo. Mwachitsanzo, simenti, miyala, miyala, gypsum, dothi ndi udzuwo, laimu ndi phulusa, ndipo ena. Kodi anasonyeza ndi kanjedza atatu: binder yofunika kwambiri binder anawonjezera, ndi filler.

Pa chiwerengero cha binder ndi mchenga mochuluka zimatengera. Pali mortars:

1. Normal. Yodziwika ndi chiŵerengero mulingo woyenera kwambiri binder ndi filler.

2. Chimachita mafuta. Yodziwika ndi owonjezera binder kupereka shrinkage wamkulu pa unsembe ming'alu (ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza mafunsidwe). Tsimikizani mwa kumiza ndodo mu njira - kusakaniza mafuta encapsulating ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza.

3. Taphunzira. Yodziwika ndi kusowa, pang'ono binder, pafupifupi palibe shrinkage, mulingo woyenera mwake. Anafotokozedwa motere: mwa kumiza ndodo mu osakaniza njira sichidalira izo.

Ndi katundu wa mortars binders anawagawa:

- mpweya - solidification awo amapezeka kuti adziwe zinthu youma (gypsum);

- hayidiroliki - njira solidification kuyamba ndi kupitiriza mpweya chilengedwe chinyezi, mwachitsanzo, mu madzi (simenti).

Malinga ndi mchenga ntchito, kaya ochiritsira zachilengedwe, phiri, mtsinje, kapena opepuka porous (kukodzedwa dongo, pumice, tuff), pali katundu (kuyambira mu 1500 kachulukidwe makilogalamu / M3 m'chigawo youma) ndi kuunika (mpaka 1500 makilogalamu / M3) mortars. Quality akaphatikiza zimakhudza mwachindunji pa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chomaliza mankhwala. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi slag, ndi kuyanjana ndi binder ndi kumanga mchenga popanda zosafunika (salt mchere, dongo thanthwe inclusions) kumawonjezera mphamvu ya njira yothetsera 40%.

Chiŵerengero kachulukidwe ka madzi nalonso yofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yokonza njira: chosowa njira yake yodziwika ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi, ndi muyeso - delamination, umene Mkhalidwe makhalidwe mphamvu yafupika.

Chitsimikizo chakuti matope (GOST 28013-98) kukonzedwa bwino malinga ndi mfundo za khalidwe ndi chiŵerengero olondola zigawo zikuluzikulu chifunirocho ndicho workability ake. Makina, pulasitiki zikuchokera akhoza kumela onse, komanso ting'onoting'ono basi, tikaumbike, si kutha, osati amapatsa, si kuzembera makoma. Ndi otsika ndi kusanganikirana ndi kuwonjezera binder njira umakhala ductile, koma zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti shrinkage mkulu pa solidification zakuthupi nyumba motero mapangidwe ming'alu.

Musalimbane ndi zinthu luso matope zosakaniza ndi njira, magawo onse akulamuliridwa ndi za masiku ano.

makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa mtondo

Khalidwe lofunika magawo Mtondo protrude pafupifupi osalimba, luso kusunga madzi, sayenda ndiponso peelability. The mowa zochepa binder pa zofunika oletsa kusakaniza bwino. Ngati osakaniza wakhala nthawi kuti akathyole kapena unfreeze, ndi koletsedwa kuwonjezera kusanganikirana. Pofuna kukwaniritsa katundu kufunika n'kofunika bwino kukonzekera matope mix, yoperekera, kusintha mfundo za iwo. Ziyenera kukhala cyclical akakhale opanga (mosalekeza mtundu), yokoka (mphamvu) kanthu. Mu cholakwa chovomerezeka cha ku 2% poyerekeza ndi kumanga, ndi kusanganikirana, youma zina, mpaka 2.5 - pankhani filler lapansi. Kuti zinthu yozizira, yankho kutentha ayenera kukhala wolingana kapena kuposa 5 ° C. The momwe akadakwanitsira madzi kutentha gauging - 80 ° C.

Malinga ndi malamulo a zoyendayenda Kudziwika angapo zopangidwa la mtondo:

1. PC4 - yodziwika ndi kuyenda wabwinobwino wa 1-4 masentimita umagwiritsidwa kunjenjemera chomenyedwa ..

2. Pk8 - pulagi sayenda zachokera chakuti osiyanasiyana 4 mpaka 8 masentimita kufunika kwa chomenyedwa wamba (mwala dzenje ndi njerwa) zomangamanga, chindwi, unsembe makoma (lalikulu-chipika, lalikulu-gululi) ..

3. Pk12 -. Sayenda oposa 8 mpaka 12 masentimita ntchito atagona wa njerwa ochiritsira, kupaka pulasitala, khoma chophimba, ndi kudzaza voids.

Luso la mtondo mwatsopano anakonza kusunga madzi - ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri. Quality Zotsatira mu m'galasi akutumikira chizindikiro 90% m'nyengo yozizira, ndi 95% - m'chilimwe. Pamalo yopanga ayenera upambana 75% mphamvu likhale madzi monga anatsimikiza mtima deta zasayansi. Kwakukulu osalimba, ndi apamwamba a madzi kukana. Pakuti fakitale matope youma zimasakanikirana zovomerezeka mnyontho kwa 0.1% ndi kulemera.

Ponena za peelability ndi osalimba sing'anga, poyerekezera akalozera onse angakhale olondola mkati 10%, sapambana. Ngati osakaniza matope Chinawonjezeka mpweya entraining zina, wachibale pafupifupi amachepetsa kachulukidwe mlingo 6% ya ntchito mwachindunji.

mfundo Quality njira zothetsera

The kachulukidwe pafupifupi chisanu kukana, compressive mphamvu - zofunika khalidwe zizindikiro njira. Choncho, pali zopangidwa angapo kuti kudziwa mphamvu ya psinjika ofananira: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100 - chizindikiro amakhala chisanu chizindikiro njira yomwe pansi alternately kuzizira - defrosting. Frost chizindikiro mmodzi wa n'lofunika kwa konkire, zomangamanga, pulasitala, mu nkhani ya pulasitala akunja. njira yonse mtundu ndi kuyang'aniridwa.

Kachulukidwe mortars (GOST 28013) lagawidwa katundu ndi kuwala zolakwika foloko mu ntchito sangakhale kuposa 10% ya ntchito mwachindunji. Ovuta kwambiri imatengedwa kwa konkire Kusakaniza. Izo ntchito pamene kuyala maziko, pomanga pansi. The apamwamba osalimba, mphamvu, firmer njira.

Quality Mfundo zinthu m'gulu njira zothanirana

Monga zinthu ntchito yokonza njira, ntchito simenti, laimu, gypsum yaiwisi mchenga, kuphatikizapo mphamvu matenthedwe ku slags, kuphulika ng'anjo slag. zigawo zonse izi, komanso madzi mortars, amafunika ngati deta GOST 28013 ndi mfundo khalidwe applicable aliyense chigawo.

filler

Pakuti aliyense matope malingana ntchito ankafuna kumafuna ena filler chofunika chinyezi. Choncho, oyenera liza matope mbewu mchenga ndi kukula kwa 1,25 mm, nthaka - 2.5 mm, kupaka pulasitala mbewu mchenga akhoza kufika 1-2 mm, liza kupaka pulasitala wosanjikiza - osapitirira 1,25 mm (zotheka kupatuka kuti 0.5% ndi kulemera, koma yankho sayenera muli oposa 2.5 mm mchenga mbewu). Ngati mchenga ntchito ndi phulusa, kulemera sayenera ayezi, apezeka mazira. Mu chikhalidwe otentha nyumba mchenga kutentha mwina upambana 60 ° C. mtondo opepuka kumafuna kuyanjana ndi binder ndi mchenga porous (shungite, vermiculite, kukodzedwa dongo, perlite, slag pumice, aglonirit, kuuluka phulusa ndi ena). Kukongoletsa mytyh njira anapangidwa kuchokera mchenga khwatsi, nyenyeswa thanthwe mbewu ndi kukula kwa 2.5 mm (lubwe, nsangalabwi, ceramic, mpweya, pulasitiki). Mtundu kupaka pulasitala pamakoma zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito 2-5 mm lubwe, galasi, ceramic, malasha, shale, pulasitiki crumb. Wachikuda simenti-matope kupaka pulasitala ikuchitika powonjezera kuti zikuchokera akuda simenti njira, zachilengedwe kapena kupanga inki mfundo zogwirizana.

zina mankhwala

Kukonzekera matope Nthawi zambiri musanayambe kuwonjezera zikuchokera zawo zosiyanasiyana Kuwonjezera mankhwala khalidwe zina mankhwala kuti kuteteza delamination, zimathandiza kuti sayenda kwambiri, mphamvu kusintha chisanu kulimbikira kusakaniza. Izi otchedwa Superplasticizing, plasticizers, stabilizers, madzi zizimva, mpweya entraining, mofulumira oipa, retarding, zoletsa kuwuma, gaskets, gidrofobiliziruyuschie, bactericidal, kuwomba kachitidwe. Otsiriza anayi ndi ntchito milandu wapadera.

Chofunika kuchuluka kwa zina mankhwala anatsimikiza ndi magulu zasayansi. Yopangidwa malinga ndi mfundo, iwo alibe chifukwa chiwonongeko cha zipangizo, zotsatira zikuwononga pa nyumba ya ntchito ndi nyumba. Wachinsinsi ndi mtundu, kupanga, iwo onse ndi nthano komanso mayina muyezo ndi specifications. Choncho, oipa mofulumira zina monga ndi sodium sulphate (CH GOST 6318, Lachiwiri 38-10742) kuti zoletsa kuwuma - urea (carbamide) (M GOST 2081) mu posungira madzi - carboxymethyl mapadi (CMC Lachiwiri 6-05-386) . A mndandanda zina zafotokozeredwa kumapeto kwa 28013. Standard simenti Matope amapangidwa ndi Kuwonjezera wa organic (mikropenoobrazovateli) ndi zochita kupanga (clays, laimu, simenti uvuni fumbi, ntchentche phulusa, etc.) plasticizers.

ulamuliro khalidwe luso

Ogwira kuti manufactures matope, kuvomerezedwa kulamulira luso imagwiridwa ndi yopereka zigawo zikuluzikulu chofunika ndi kukonzekera moyenera matope a. Control ikuchitika kamodzi pa kosangalatsa. Mtondo osakaniza zikuchokera chomwecho opangidwa pa kosangalatsa, adzakhala maphwando. Mu ulamuliro zitsanzo wotumidwa ndi zasayansi (anasankha malinga GOST 5802) kudziwa makhalidwe onse luso.

Ngati ogula amapatsidwa kupatulapo amene zafotokozeredwa IEC 28013 ntchito, amasokoneza umamumvera ulamuliro ndi mgwirizano pakati pa Mlengi ndi ogula.

mortars mayeso amachitika zinthu zasayansi ndi Mlengi, pa chimene ogula kuitanitsa ulamuliro zitsanzo matope ndi matope. Mtondo Kusakaniza ndi anamasulidwa ndi buku, matope youma - kulemera.

Ponena za makhalidwe a luso matope kuti delamination zizimva madzimadzi, ndi njira - ndi chisanu, izo ndi kufufuzidwa kusankha kapena kusintha zikuchokera kapena makhalidwe a zigawo yankho. mankhwala Komanso imvera kubwerezanso miyezi sikisi iliyonse. Ngati mwambo sanali kugwilizana macheke chikaonekera muyezo panopa, gawo lonse ali wokanidwa.

Kodi ayenera ali zikalata kwa katundu?

The zikalata kuti umboni wa amasokoneza ndi nthumwi ovomerezeka a Mlengi udindo mphamvu za luso, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera sizinatchulidwe:

- dzina ndi adiresi ya Mlengi, tsiku lenileni ndi nthawi yokonza osakaniza;

- ndi mtundu wa njira;

- mtundu wa binder ndi;

- kuchuluka kwa katundu sayenda;

- dzina ndi kuchuluka zina mankhwala;

- mawu onena za muyezo, ndicho chitsimikizo cha kugwilizana ndi mankhwala deta okonzeka ndi kudya luso.

Ngati aggregates ntchito porous, zina mulibe kachulukidwe ambiri ku boma youma. Kusakaniza ndi wouma ndi kusanganikirana Kwalamulidwa ndalama, kotero kuti osakaniza amamuonera ndi kuyenda ankafuna. Komanso zikalata ayenera mutsimikizira alumali moyo wa osakaniza m'chigawo youma, amene masamu ndi tsiku lokonzekera isanafike atapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Apaulendo matope zosakaniza

Pamene kayendetsedwe matope n'kofunika kupewa imfa ya mkaka simenti. katundu chovomerezeka zoyendera ndi msewu, komanso zidebe (hoppers) makina pa nsanja sitima. Pankhaniyi kutentha zifunike kusamutsidwa matope, omwe chili mwa kumiza thermometer luso lapadera kwa akuya masentimita 5.

The youma matope zosakaniza ali kusamutsidwa kwa simenti galimoto, chidebe kapena mmatumba kuti makilogalamu 40 (kuzimata pepala) ndi kuti makilogalamu 8 (pulasitiki wazolongedza). Mu pepala yonyamula matumba ikuchitika padziko pallets matabwa, mu polyethylene - ndi stacking matumba ndi osakaniza muli oyenera. Store osakaniza matumba amaloledwa pa kutentha 5 ° C mu chatsekedwa chipinda youma. Pambuyo yonyamula osakaniza matope amachoka mu chosakanizira kapena chotengera china.

Ntchito mortars

Mbali mortars zosiyanasiyana. Yomanga concretes ndi mortars kwa simenti binder monga chuma ndi structural ndi ambiri otchuka mu lamtseri mu zomangamanga pomanga zapansi olimba chonyamulira, yopingasa, umodzi, nyumba mwachibadwa, zomangamanga, overlaps, pamene overhauling, kukonza, yokonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa .

Akukhulupirira kuti ntchito yomanga nyumba mwala ikuyenda mortars kufika kotala buku okwana kukonza. Ambiri a ife munagulirapo laimu, gypsum, wosakaniza mortars kwa kupaka pulasitala makoma mu nyumba kapena mabanja mseri (otchedwa liza nyimbo). Komanso, munthu anali kugula njira zomangamanga ntchito msonkhano, cladding, mwala zomangamanga, refractory. Tsopano mungapeze pa mtondo yomanga msika (GOST 28013), adzalandira matenthedwe katundu wapamwamba kutchinjiriza, mayamwidwe phokoso, kutentha ndi moto kukana.