Konkire - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi makalasi konkire ali kumeneko?

Konkire - yokumba mwala mfundo nyumba amene analandira ndi akamaumba ndi kulimbitsa bwino anasankha osakaniza chikukhudza simenti, madzi, ndi chabwino ndi coarse fillers. Zonsezi akukumana chisindikizo kuvomerezedwa. Nthawi zina, zina zapadera ntchito, ndi pamene izo zifika phula simenti, madzi si ntchito.

zigawo

Tinabadwa konkire - chisakanizo cha simenti ndi madzi, chifukwa cha zimene anachita pakati pa mwala simenti amene anapanga, ogwirizana limodzi fillers monolith tirigu ntchito. Kapangidwe ndi katundu konkire zimadalira zinthu zimenezi. Iwo kusintha digiri yake porosity, akuchitanji ndi zotsatira za maganizo, nthawi yochiritsa ndipo kwambiri kumachepetsa mapindikidwe konkire m'kati solidification. Konkire wakhala yaikulu yomanga kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu madera onse chifukwa chakuti amakhala ndi mwayi wokwanira kwa kupanga zosakaniza ndi katundu osiyana ndi Kuwonjezera fillers zosiyanasiyana. Ndi makhalidwe amenewa, ndipo zinatipatsa applicability kotero lonse.

Konkire - zakuthupi cholimba ndi digiri yapamwamba ya moto kukana, kachulukidwe ake, durability ndi makhalidwe ena zikhoza kusintha mwa kukupatsa katundu zapadera. Ndi processing yoyenera osakaniza akhoza kutulutsa ankafunila dongosolo mawonekedwe ndi mankhwala mapulani ndi zimango structural.

A mbiri pang'ono

Monga chuma yokumba nyumba, wopangidwa mwa madzi, fillers ndi simenti konkire amadziwika yakale. zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga anthu a Mesopotamia munda nyumba ndi nyumba. Ife ntchito ndi omanga Wamkulu mapiramidi. Aroma yomanga ndi simenti wakhala akankhidwira mlingo watsopano - iwo anasiya osati maziko a nyumba, komanso midadada lonse la nyumba konkire. Kapangidwe ka misewu ya Aroma, domes, arches ndi simenti wa nkhaniyi ndipo tsopano simunataye kufunika kwake. Komabe, mu Ages Middle, Roman konkire luso kupanga wakhala irretrievably anataya.

Kumene, konkire akale - si chinthu chomwecho masiku ano. kusiyana Aika ali zikuchokera, pa nthawi imeneyo panalibe simenti. Monga binder ntchito gypsum, laimu kapena dongo.

makhalidwe a

mphamvu konkire - ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri limene kumakhudza mwachindunji pa magawo ntchito zakuthupi. Mu lingaliro ili zimatanthawuza kuti mphamvu konkire kupirira TV mwamakani ndi kunja mphamvu mawotchi. Khalidwe limeneli anatsimikiza ndi njira control: akupanga ndi makina. Mu GOST 18105-86 mwachindunji malamulo kudziyesa mphamvu konkire mu kupinda, nkhawa ndi psinjika. khalidwe limodzi ndi koyefishienti a kusintha, kusonyeza pachilichonse za kusakaniza.

Malinga ndi GOST 10180-67 mtima wa kwamakokedwe mphamvu konkire amapangidwa pa psinjika ulamuliro kyubu, nthiti ndi kukula 200 mm mu masiku 28. mtundu wotchedwa kyubu mphamvu. Komanso GOSTs ntchito kudziwa mphamvu ndipo komabe SNiPy. Mwachitsanzo, osachepera anamuvula mphamvu ya nyumba simenti pansi yotsitsa yopingasa chikhato kutalika mamita 6 ayenera kukhala osachepera 70% mphamvu kamangidwe, ndi kutalika mamita oposa 6 - 80% mphamvu kamangidwe. Pankhaniyi, n'kofunika mphamvu katundu. Mofanana ndi mwala zachilengedwe, nkhaniyi ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa psinjika, osati mavuto, choncho ndi mphamvu yokhayo ya chizindikiro ichi amusankha monga muyezo waukulu.

katundu

Konkire - zakuthupi amene mphamvu ndi khalidwe, kukula chifukwa cha njira physico-mankhwala zimachitika pakati pa simenti ndi madzi, amene amayendetsa bwino zinthu chinyezi ndi kutentha. Izo zinachitika kuti chuma atapanga kapena zouma, ndondomeko udzatha. Poyamba, atayanika kapena kuzizira amadza wokwiya makhalidwe otsiriza a nkhaniyo.

pachilichonse

Molumikizana ndi zinthu zina zonse ndi pachilichonse za mphamvu zimadalira khalidwe ndi ochititsa aggregates ntchito, makamaka ngati ena mwa katundu wa yotsirizira musati kupereka chofunika mphamvu konkire. Choncho, njirayi kumayambitsa amene m'mbuyomu, ngakhale deta experimental kusonyeza kuti chibwenzi si mmene zinalili m'mbuyomu. Ndi kuwonjezeka homogeneity wa simenti kuoneka mpata waukulu ntchito yothandiza kwambiri.

pachilichonse index anatsimikiza chifukwa cha mayesero zitsanzo ulamuliro anapangidwa kuchokera ntchito simenti ndi katundu wina akufuna. Mwachitsanzo, m'kati kuwerengetsa zotsatira chizindikiro mayeso alembedwa pa yofanana ndi zikhalidwe za kusungiramo zitsanzo ravnovozrastnyh zakuthupi. Pachilichonse mu waterproofness anatsimikiza ndi kumuyesa zitsanzo za makulidwe chomwecho pansi zikhalidwe za ntchito njira yomweyo.

kachulukidwe

Izi mbali simenti ndi mwachilungamo zovuta, chifukwa zimasiyanasiyana malinga zomwe zigawo akuwonjezeka kusakaniza. Kuonjezera kachulukidwe wa simenti angagwiritsidwe ntchito pozzolan Portland simenti, imene zambiri kapena aluminous simenti, osati kupanga voids pa solidification. Mphamvu pa chizindikiro ichi ndi zina, plasticisers, nthawi zambiri bwino makhalidwe a osakaniza itatha. Ngati zikuchokera simenti limafanana Boma, ndiye mtengo wake ndi yodziwika osalimba.

makalasi

Pa nthawi, pali mitundu ingapo. Opepuka konkire - ndi chuma osalimba amene ali 500-1800 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. kalasi monga: thovu konkire, kukodzedwa dongo opepuka konkire, lokhala ndi mpweya wokwanira konkire, ma, arbolit, perlite ndi vermiculite konkire. Mu osakaniza chotero kutenga mphamvu pambuyo yochiritsa ndi yaing'ono. Normal kapena katundu konkire, yodziwika ndi osalimba wa 1800-2500 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. Monga filler ntchito pano chippings, miyala. Mtundu ntchito zomangamanga, iwo anaonetsetsa kuti kochulukira kukana kuvala. Makamaka wolemera konkire kalasi - zakuthupi ndi kukhala ndi osalimba kuposa 2500 makilogalamu / mamita ^3. zosakaniza amenewa ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, chifukwa ali ndi katundu wa chitetezo ionizing cheza.

kalasi konkire

Izi ndi khalidwe lina zofunika zakuthupi. Chizindikiro cha mphamvu compressive limasonyeza kukana kuti psinjika ofananira. Mark konkire zokhudza kutambasuka limasonyeza kulimbikira kwa ofananira zitsanzo mavuto kulamulira. Chizindikiro limasonyeza chiwerengero cha chisanu taphunzira thawing ndi yozizira koopsa m'zinthu. Brand konkire kumatira chimasonyeza pa zimene unilateral kuthamanga hayidiroliki konkire sadzakhala kutayikira mu njira ya kuyezetsa chizolowezi.

anapezazo

Pomanga cholinga chilichonse njira yoyenera kugula yowona zopangapanga, chopangidwa kugwilizana zonse ndi miyezo State, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna kupanga zake ndipo popanda zipangizo zina zapadera.