Kodi kuyeza kachulukidwe zakuthupi? The kachulukidwe zipangizo zosiyanasiyana

M'madera ambiri a mafakitale, komanso kumanga ndi ulimi ntchito ganizo la "kachulukidwe cha chuma." Izi mtengo yopangidwa, ndilo chiŵerengero cha unyinji wa chuma buku wotanganidwa ndi iwo. Kudziwa chizindikiro Mwachitsanzo, konkire, omanga zifunika kuwerengera ndalama za izo ndi kuthira zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana konkire: nyumbayi midadada, slabs, olimba makoma, mizati, sarcophagus zoteteza, maiwe, ndi zipata, ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi kudziwa kachulukidwe

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti, ndi kudziwa osalimba a zomangamanga, n'zotheka ntchito matebulo wapadera limanena, kumene mfundo izi amapatsidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. mawerengedwe njira ndi ma aligorivimu akhala akupangidwa moti kuti mudziwe ngati kuchita, ngati palibe kupeza zipangizo pakuyenerera.

kachulukidwe anatsimikiza ku:

• matupi madzi hydrometer chipangizo (mwachitsanzo, wa kudziwika chingwe ndondomeko magawo onse a electrolyte galimoto batire);
• Olimba ndi madzi zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ndi yodziwika kulemera ndi buku deta koyamba.

Onse mawerengedwe palokha, ndithudi, adzakhala ndi malfunctioning, chifukwa zovuta molondola kudziwa kuchuluka, ngati thupi ali ndi mawonekedwe osasamba.

Zolakwa muyeso kachulukidwe

Molondola kuwerengetsa osalimba a chuma, muyenera zotsatirazi:

• zolakwa mwadongosolo. Zikuoneka kalekale kapena zikhoza kusintha ndi lamulo ena m'kupita kwa miyezo zingapo za chizindikiro chomwecho. Kugwirizana ndi zolakwa za chida lonse, otsika chizindikiro chipangizo tilinazo kapena lolondola mitunduyi mawerengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kupeza kulemera ntchito masikelo ndi kunyalanyaza zotsatira za buoyancy, deta analandira pafupifupi.
• zolakwa mwachisawawa. Zinabweretsa ndi zifukwa ukubwera ndipo ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa lolondola deta yabwino. Kusintha yozungulira kutentha, kuthamanga mumlengalenga, kugwedera mu chipinda, cheza yosaoneka ndi kusinthasintha mu mlengalenga - izi zimaonekera m'mbali zonse. Pewani Satanayu n'zosatheka kwathunthu.

• Cholakwa mu nazo makhalidwe abwino. Pa chiphaso cha mitunduyi deta wapakatikati zochokera zambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa manambala pambuyo mfundo decimal. Kufunika kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ndiponso anthu anganene maonekedwe kulakwa. Pang'ono kuchepetsa zolakwika monga zotheka, kusiya kuwerengetsera wapakatikati ndi malamulo angapo manambala kuposa mogwirizana ndi chifukwa komaliza.
• zolakwa chosasamala (zolakwa) zimachitika chifukwa inaccuracy wa mawerengedwe misincorporated malire muyeso kapena chipangizo wonse, illegibility kulembamo kafukufuku. Deta Choncho analandira akhoza kusiyana kwambiri anthu a kuwerengetsera lapansi. Choncho, iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kukonzanso kudzapereka ntchito.

Muyeso wa kachulukidwe chenicheni

Poganizira kachulukidwe ka nkhani nyumba, m'pofunika kuganizira chiwerengero chenicheni. Ndiko kuti, pamene unit buku la nkhani dongosolo lilibe mphako, voids ndi inclusions yachilendo. Zochita palibe pachilichonse Mtheradi, pamene Mwachitsanzo, simenti udzathiridwa mu nkhungu. Kudziwa mphamvu yake yeniyeni, potsata kachulukidwe zakuthupi ikuchitika ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kapangidwe The pansi pa akupera ndi ufa wosalala. Pa nthawi imeneyi, muchisiye kuyambira.
• Zouma mu ng'anjo pa kutentha pa 100 madigiri, kuchokera chitsanzo otsala chinyezi kuchotsedwa.
• Utakhazikika kwa firiji ndi anadutsa sieve chabwino ndi kukula mauna a 0,20 × 0,20 mm, kupereka ufa yunifolomu.
• Chitsanzo chifukwa anali zasautsa amagetsi molondola bwino. voliyumu kuchita masamu ndi pisitoni mita kumiza mu dongosolo madzi ndi muyeso wa madzi osamukira (pycnometry kusanthula).

mawerengedwe a ikuchitika malinga ndi njira:

tsa = m / V

kumene mamita - Unyinji wa nyemba mu ga;

V - kuchuluka kwa buku mu masentimita ^3.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito muyeso wa kachulukidwe makilogalamu / mamita ^3.

The kachulukidwe pafupifupi kwa nkhani

Kudziwa khalidwe la zipangizo yomanga m'mikhalidwe weniweni opaleshoni atadziŵa chinyezi, kutentha zabwino ndi zoipa, katundu makina, m'pofunika ntchito kachulukidwe pafupifupi. Iye analongosola mkhalidwe thupi zakuthupi.

Ngati woona kachulukidwe - phindu zonse ndi zimatengera yekha mipweya ndi kapangidwe ka kophimba galasi la thunthu, osalimba pafupifupi anatsimikiza ndi porosity wa kukonza. Ndi chiŵerengero cha unyinji wa nkhani boma yunifolomu voliyumu ya malo wotanganidwa mu pompo-pompo.

The kachulukidwe ambiri amakhala ndi maganizo a injiniya mphamvu mawotchi, mlingo wa chinyezi mayamwidwe, matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi zinthu zina zofunika kuti ntchito zinthu yomanga.

Lingaliro la kachulukidwe chochuluka

Chosavuta kwa kusanthula zipangizo zambiri zomanga (mchenga, miyala, kukodzedwa dongo ndipo ena.). Chizindikiro zofunika kuwerengera yosafuna ntchito yomanga zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu za kusakaniza. Izo zimasonyeza misa chiŵerengero cha mankhwala kwa buku lomwe ali mu mkhalidwe wa dongosolo lotayirira.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati kudziwika chochuluka kachulukidwe nkhani ya mawonekedwe granular ndi pafupifupi tirigu osalimba, n'zosavuta kudziwa chizindikiro cha chisokonezo. Mu kupanga zopindulitsa konkire ntchito filler (miyala, miyala wosweka, mchenga), ndi m'munsi porosity nkhani youma, chifukwa chakuti lembani zinthu simenti m'munsi, umene kuonjezera ndalama.

Indicators kachulukidwe ena zipangizo

Ngati inu kutenga ena masamu matebulo deta imene:

• The kachulukidwe zipangizo mwala, omwe alipo mu zikuchokera oxides wa calcium, pakachitsulo ndipo zotayidwa ranges kuchokera 2400 mpaka 3100 makilogalamu pa ^M3.
• Matabwa ndi tsinde la mapadi - 1550 makilogalamu pa mita ^3.
• Organic kanthu (mpweya, mpweya, wa hydrogen) - 800-1400 makilogalamu pa mita ^3.
• Zitsulo: zitsulo - 7850 zotayidwa - 2700, kutsogolera - makilogalamu 11300 pa mamita ^3.

Ndi zamakono nyumba yomanga index kachulukidwe wa nkhaniyo ili yofunika ku mawu mphamvu ya nyumba katundu mwankhanza. Onse chimateteza ntchito ndi ntchito zipangizo kumatira kwa kachulukidwe otsika anatseka dongosolo selo.