Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich: tibwereze mbiri ndi zilandiridwenso

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, yonena ndi zilandiridwenso ndiwo mutu wa takambiranazi, anali mmodzi wa anthu otchuka ndi yaikulu mbiri yakale Russian za m'ma XIX. Komanso, iye akudziwika ngati chithunzi anthu, wolemba, wofalitsa, wokhometsa wa zakale ndi wolemba. ntchito zake zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha magwero a dziko sayansi mbiri ndi njira zake kafukufuku analidi mawu atsopano mu sayansi ano.

Mfundo Zina za moyo

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, kanthawi yonena kuti ndi nkhani imeneyi anakhala ndi moyo wautali ndi umoyo (1800-1875). Iye anali mwana wa serf wa Chiwerengero Saltykov, koma analandira ufulu wake, maphunziro ndi kulowa mbiri-philological mphamvu ya University Moscow. Apa anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa mbuye wake ndipo anakhala katswiri.

Iye anaphunzitsa Russian ndi dziko mbiri, ndipo posakhalitsa Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich anakhala mtsogoleri wa dipatimenti ya mbiri Russian, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi hayala yunivesite mu 1835. Komabe, patapita kanthawi, anakakamizika kusiya positi. Izo zinachitika mu 1844 chifukwa mkangano ndi matrasti m'banja. Popeza Pogodin anadzipereka yekha kafukufuku, journalistic ndi ntchito pagulu. Kuyambira 1820 mpaka 1850 anafalitsa magazini ndiwofatsa malangizo.

Ntchito ndi magwero

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich kudziwika ngati wokhometsa wa zakale Russian. Anasonkhanitsa mipukutu yakale ndi curiosities zosiyanasiyana. Izo bwinobwino anafotokoza ndi lofalitsidwa. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ntchito yake inali kuberekana kwa sayansi mbiri. Ndithudi, mu nthawi anakumana pachimake. Choncho, mawu oyamba magwero sayansi makope zinali zofunika kwambiri. zosonkhanitsira wake Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich anayamba kusonkhanitsa zambiri mu zaka 1830. Iwo pali asayansi zakale wakale apezeka: mafano, zithunzi, masitampu, autographs wa anthu otchuka a mipukutu yakale, kuphatikizapo zinthu msonkhano. Zonsezi umatchedwa "Drevlekhranilishche".

Kuthi

Wolemba mbiri anasamala mwapadera akale ndi akale mbiri Russian. COMPASS vuto la zikamera wa boma. Mu 1825 iye analemba nkhani yolembedwa mbuye wake "Pa Chiyambi cha Yairo. Funso chidwi naye chifukwa anali kumeneko anaona kusiyana njira ya chitukuko cha dziko lathu ndi maiko Western European. Mwachitsanzo, iye anakanitsitsa kugonjetsa zimene zinachitika m'mayiko amenewa mtendere ntchito Normandy mu Russia. Mu 1834 Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich kumbuyo zolemba pamaphunziro wake wachiwiri "Pa Nkhani ya Nestor," zomwe zafotokozedwa magwero a vutolo. Komanso, anali ndi chidwi funso zifukwa kuwuka kwa Moscow. Ndipo woyamba wa mbiri yakale analenga chiphunzitso cha "kusonkhana mphamvu" atsogoleri ake.

periodization

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich analenga gululi wake kuchuluka kwa mbiri Russian. Poyambira kunanenedwa kuitana Varyags. Komabe, zinati zofunika polenga boma anali Asilavo china. Izi nthawi yoyamba, iye anamaliza ulamuliro wa Yaroslav, nthawi imene anali kufotokoza kungomanga yomaliza ya statehood Russian. Malire a gawo lachiwiri, iye anafotokozera za nkhondo ya Chitata ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Tartar goli. Nthawi lotsatira, Moscow, amanena kuti nthawi mpaka chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Peter I. Ndipo potsiriza, m'nthawi yathu izo Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich otchedwa nthawi ya chizindikiro dziko, ndi makamaka ananena zabwino za chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom.

Kuyerekezera mbiri Russian ndi dziko

wasayansi A wapanga njira zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa za kufanana ndi kusiyana za chitukuko cha Europe ndi Russia. Malinga ndi iye, m'mbuyomo zimenezi zimachitikanso ambiri: feudalism ndi dongosolo yeniyeni kufooka kwake wotsatira ndi kulimbitsa Mafumu. Komabe ofufuza amanena kuti ngakhale kufanana, nkhanizi konse intersect. Patapita nthawi, iye anazindikira kuti dziko lathu kusiyana njira yapadera. Izi ndi zotheka zikomo chakuti boma linakhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito mtendere, si kugonjetsa. Ndipo kotero ufumu kotetezedwa kwa kusintha umene panthawi zinachitika pa dziko lapansi.

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

Mlembi, mfundo, anali pafupi ndi Slavophiles, kuyambira otsiriza komanso analankhula za njira yoyambirira ya chitukuko Russia. Mozungulira mfundo yomweyo anayamba m'mabuku ake Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich. Waukulu mbiri ntchito kafukufuku - imeneyi mwina "Research, ndemanga ndi nkhani zokhudza mbiri Russian." Iye Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri malangizo a maphunziro abwino ndiponso dziko lawo, malinga ndi mtetezi wake ndi mdindo wa mtendere. Iye amakhulupilira kuti dziko lathu palibe chifukwa kusokonekera kunachitika kuyambira nthawi makedzana anthu omvera autocracy ndi chikhulupiriro chikale ndi chinenero. Choncho, wasayansi anayandikira chiphunzitso cha mtundu boma, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi ino.

za olamulira

Pogodin Mikhail Petrovich, chithunzi chimene anapereka m'nkhani, kuwonjezera pa mbiri akale ndi wakale, ndipo nawonso nthawi ina. Chidwi kwenikweni ziyenera a olamulira zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, iye anaganiza ulamuliro wa Ivan m'khutu siteji ya chibadwidwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa statehood Russian. Wolemba mbiri kwambiri kwambiri kusinthika Petro, kukhulupirira kuti malo awo kapena isanayambe ulamuliro wake. Choncho, zilandiridwenso ndi ntchito Pogodin zatenga malo apamwamba mu chitukuko cha historiography dziko.