Kukwera kwa Moscow ndi Prince Ivan Kalita

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ubatizo wa Lazaro anakhalabe Byzantine kugonjera chipembedzo likulu lake - Constantinople. Apa anali kholo lakale (mutu wa mpingo wonse). Anaikidwa mutu wa Mpingo Orthodox mu Russia - Metropolitan. Monga ulamuliro, malo wotanganidwa ndi Ahelene. Mu 1308 mbadwa m'malo Metropolitan Peter anaganiza kuika abbot, ndi abbot ya agulupa m'mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Volyn. Tikumbukenso kuti phungu wake kwa malo Metropolitan asankha ndi Tver. Koma kusankha kholo unagwera pa Peter. Kuti mwanjira "bwino" kusankha kwa mbadwa adatumiza Petro ndi Vladimir, osati kum'mwera.

Komabe Tver anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi akalonga ake sakanakhoza gwirizana ndi watsopano matauni. Peter kumbuyo pa Moscow akalonga. Kamodzi anakakhala Vladimir, Kalonga wa Tver, matauni anasamukira ku Moscow. Apa Petro adamtenga olandiridwa kwambiri. Mokokomeza ndi otchuka, wokondedwa Peter anakweza kutchuka kwa mzinda, polenga prerequisites kuwuka kwa Moscow m'tsogolo.

Anathandiza Metropolitan Ivan Daniilovich (Prince Moscow) anayamba kumanga kachisi wa miyala. Kopanda Cathedral inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi udindo watsopano wa mzinda. Kenako, kachisiyo anali kukhala makamaka Russia. Metropolitan Peter anapatsa m'manda okha mu Mfundo Cathedral. Iye anafa mu 1326 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu mpingo yosatha. Cathedral anali opatulidwira ku 1327. Kuyambira pamenepo, mpingo anakhala m'manda a metropolitans la Russia.

Chifukwa kuwuka kwa Moscow ndi zokwaniritsa

Ivan Daniilovich mu 1327 mwayi kuthana ndi Tver. Pozula Mongol msonkho anachita Baskakov - Khan okhometsa. Kufotokoza kusakhutira, Tver anthu anapandukira kudina baskak (Cholhan). Kalonga wa Moscow yomweyo anakauza gulu la. Monga mphoto utumiki wanu, Ivan Danilovich walandira kuchokera Khan Simungachite ulamuliro waukulu.

Kalonga wa Tveri dzina lake Aleksandr anabisala Pskov. Ivan Danilovich anaganiza kuti amuchotsepo lina la Tver kalonga muyaya. Kufika mu Ordu, miseche Alexander. Han otchedwa lina la Tver Prince kwa iye ndi kunyongedwa iye ndi mwana wake. Ivan Daniilovich monga Khan anapanga okhometsa msonkho kuchokera konsekonse m'dziko Russian.

Kuyambira nthawi kuti anayamba nyamuka tima wa Moscow. City ndi Prince wolemera palokha. m'dziko latsopano la ndalama ndithu. Pambuyo inalowa Mozhaisk ndi Kolomna mu manja a Moscow kalonga anatembenuzira zikuluzikulu zonse za Moscow Mtsinje - njira ina malonda kwambiri. Ukulu analandira osati malipiro lalikulu, komanso mwayi malonda. Moscow okwera mofulumira zokwanira. M'manja Ivana Daniilovicha chitakhazikitsidwa mbali ya msonkho umene anali anasonkhana kwa gulu. Prince kukhala wolemera Kalyta kuitana ( "ndalama m'thumba", "chikwama"). Ndalama Ivan Kalita anayamba aganyali kuwuka kwa Moscow.

Prince anapereka ndalama za chiyambi cha zikuluzikulu mwala yomanga. Mu 1329 tchalitchi anamangidwira polemekeza zaumulungu Byzantine, canonized, Ioanna Lestvichnika. Kenako, pa malo a mpingo inamangidwa belfry "Ivan Veliky". Mu 1330 iye anali kumangidwa mpingo wa Mpulumutsi pa Bor (Chiwalitsiro kwa Mpulumutsi) Spassky obisika. Ndi 1333 izo anakwezedwa Cathedral wa Angelo (mwina m'malo mpingo Mihaila Arhangela), amene anadzakhala m'manda akalonga Moscow.

Popeza ulamuliro wa Ivan Kalita mu Russian anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Kremnik" ( "boma la Russia"). Otchedwa Moscow linga. Izo zimatanthauza mawu "intercity linga", "minced mtima". Chopereka otsiriza kuti kuwuka kwa Moscow Ivan Kalita anapanga thundu yomanga mpanda Kremlin.

Chifuniro Ivana Kality munali mndandanda m'malo kwambiri wambiri, omwe amafalitsidwa kalonga. chikalata ichi anatchula m'mudzi Kolomninskom (Kolomna) ndi ena ambiri amene anapulumuka.