Ang'onoang'ono nkhondo m'zaka za m'ma 15

Ambiri a zochitika m'mbiri yakale Russia m'zaka otsiriza, ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa chitukuko zina. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi nkhondo ang'onoang'ono, omwe kunabuka m'ma XIV n'kupitiriza nthawi kuchokera 1433 mpaka 1953. chifukwa Aika anali kuphwanya analipo pa nthawi yoyenera ya cholowa pa mpando wachifumu m'bale m'bale wake, ndipo kenako watsopano - kuchokera mwana wamwamuna.

nthawi yakale imeneyi anali yodziwika ndi mapangidwe katundu angapo m'gawo wa Moscow ukulu. Iwo anali ana a DM. Don. Yaikulu ndi mapangidwe yeniyeni ankayang'aniridwa ndi Yuri Dmitrievich. Icho chinali Zvenigorod ndi wotchedwa Galicia. Ndewu ufumu pa nthawi imeneyo anafika mwaunyinji, chifukwa cha zimene anali kutchedwa "ang'onoang'ono nkhondo."

Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kusamvetsetsana cholowa chimene chinali kupita loweruza pambuyo pa imfa ya mkulu m'bale wake Basil I-TH, koma izi sizinachitike. Wachifumu anadutsa chifuniro kwa zaka khumi mwana Basil I-St. Woyamba kubadwa m'banja, Yuri anayesa kumutenga iye ndi kudalira malamulo wogwila ndiye mpando wachifumu. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi ndipo anayamba nkhondo ang'onoang'ono, amene anayamba ndi zofuna za malume mphwake Vasily II-TH. Litangoyamba a nkhondo Yuri Dmitrievich anamwalira, ndipo nkhondo itayamba akupitiriza ana ake: Dmitri Shemyaka ndi Basil skew.

Nkhondo zimatengera pa khalidwe la kulimbana, imene pali mbali ndi adani a centralization ya boma. Ang'onoang'ono nkhondo zaka anali munthu wouma ndi kuwabalalitsa wotsimikizika. Patapita ake amagwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse. Iwo akufuna kuonera ndipo ngakhale zotentheka. Basil II-na- khungu ndi adani ake, ndipo pambuyo pake dzina Vasiliy Temny. Nkhondo imeneyi inatha ndi kupambana kwake, monga anakhala Grand Prince wa Moscow ndipo anayamba kulamulira dziko mu nthawi zovuta nkhondo ndi nkhondo fratricidal.

Ang'onoang'ono nkhondo Russia unali wautali, ndi chifukwa cha zaka makumi awiri za kulimbana mosalekeza anali chiwonongeko kwambiri ndi kwambiri chifooke imapanga motetezera Russian dziko lonse. Zotsatira, kumene, kukhala opweteka kwambiri anawazunza gulu khans. Iyo inali nthawi ya mapangidwe yekha ulamuliro ndi kukhazikitsa cholowa bwino pa mpando wachifumu. Anapeza kuti anafunika yekha kwa atate mwana.

mavuto okhudzana, chifukwa cha zimene nkhondo ang'onoang'ono kunabuka Russia pa nthawi anali kulimbikitsa zotsutsana kuti chikanachitika mwa ambuye ndi njira okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a centralization ya boma. nkhondo Izi zinachitika pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa dziko: ndi Chitata anawazunza ndi kukula Duchy la Lithuania, ndi kuphatikiza chuma ndi ndale wamkulu (Moscow, Ryazan, Tver) ndi wocheperako (Mozhayskoe, Chigaleshani Zvenigorodskoe) maukulu.

Pa nthawi imeneyi zakulitsa vuto la kusoŵa kwa m'tauni ndi amphawi ndi boyars ndi, Kalonga chabwino utumiki. Ang'onoang'ono nkhondo m'zaka za m'ma 15 anabweretsa kwambiri kusintha. Pakutha kanthu kunatha ambiri maukulu ang'ono amene anali gawo la ku Moscow ukulu, choncho kulimbitsa mphamvu ya Grand Duke.

Poganizira mwatsatanetsatane njira ya chochitika ichi, mungathe younikira ake mphindi kwambiri. Kukumana kwambiri zikuluzikulu zinachitika mu 1433-34 biennium. Ngakhale kuti Yuri wakhala bwino, mbali ake sali mothandizidwa ndi ambiri ambuye ang'onoang'ono, chifukwa cha zimene amalephera kuti adzawapatse Moscow velikoknyazhy wachifumu.

Pa siteji yaikulu ya nkhondo ang'onoang'ono kwa zaka za m'ma 15 wapita kupitirira ukulu ndi yafalikira kuchigawo chapakati ndi chakumpoto. Gawo lachitatu la ntchito asilikali chifukwa Basil II-na- idatha kugonjetsedwa, ndi chifukwa chakuti anagwidwa ndi mwankhanza khungu, ndipo kenako kupita ku Uglich. nthawi Ichi chinali zipolowe m'mizinda, ndi kuthawa wamba ang'onoang'ono. Panthawi imeneyi mphamvu anali Shemyaka, koma 1446 iye anachotsedwa Moscow, ndi ulamuliro kachiwiri wadutsa mu manja a Basil II-na-.