Tanthawuzo la sosholizimu, ndi malire ufulu wa anthu

Lingaliro la "sosholisimu", "malire ufulu wa anthu ndi kufanana chilengedwe" kwa anthu amene anali "mwayi" timudziwe bwino mchitidwewu, yotengedwa ndi tanthauzo chosiyana ndi m'malo mwa mawu akuti "mfundo". Kodi mankhwala monga dalitso kwa anthu onse, osati chabe dziko limodzi, ndipo mayiko, zinali kutulo anthu ambiri, wapanga mantha ankhanza, ankhanza wamagazi ndipo anali kutsutsana kwambiri ndi mfundo zake zazikulu.

Kubadwa kwa sosholisimu ngati maziko a dongosolo la dziko

Okhazikitsidwa ndi ideologues French zimasokoneza ufulu payekha sosholisimu cha m'ma 19 zikugwirizananso mu zolemba Karla Marksa, Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin, Vladimira Ilicha Lenina ndi ena ambiri. Koma posachedwapa, kapena 1830s, pamene izo pathupi okha, ndi ideologists zinali maganizo ambiri, panalibe m'munsi limodzi ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino lingaliro la kusintha kwa sosholisimu mu dongosolo la ndale. Chinthu chokha onse theorists anavomera - nyumba gulu chabe kokwanila anthu ndi ufulu wa anthu la yense wa mamembala ake. Ichi chinali Cholinga chenicheni cha sosholisimu.

Mizu lamadyerero: Kuyambira kale kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Liwu - sosholisimu, malire a ufulu wa anthu - kukhala wotsogola m'zaka za m'ma XIX, koma matabwa ake ankakambirana kwa zaka patsogolo. Unyinji oponderezedwa nthawi zonse anatambasula kuti ufulu, koma ochepa kuzindikira kuti ufulu ndi kufanana ndi zotheka kumanga anthu (chikhalidwe) kapangidwe pa mfundo za demokalase ndi ufulu wonse sasunga. Choyamba atapereka lingaliro la akumanga anthu zokomera, Plato, iye linanena kuti mu "State" kukambirana. Bwerezani mfundozo awa ndi Aristophanes, miyambo malingaliro awo mu mawonekedwe a azithunzithunzi mu "mafasho." Ku Ulaya, atachira ndi nkhanza akale, mfundo zokomera wa olemba wakale ananyamula Chenicheni zosatheka Thomas More ndi Tommaso Campanella, koma onse "mpatuko" kwambiri kuletsedwa ndi mpingo wa Katolika.

Mfundo yaikulu ya sosholisimu anakonza mu XX atumwi

Osati kamodzi anali kukonza malire ufulu wa anthu sosholisimu. Table chomwecho mauthenga ofunika zikuwoneka ngati izi:

Komabe, mukhoza kuwonjezera ku kuzipeleka kwa abstracts ndi zotsatirazi:

1. Kuletsa ndi kuthetsa wathunthu a mitundu yonse masuku pamutu, kupanga akapolo a kalasi oponderezedwa.

2. Kulipira ndi chiwonongeko cha kugawikana kalasi ndi monga lochitira ngati ambiri.

3. Complete chiyembekezo chakuti ndi mwayi wa kalasi ulamuliro, anthu aone kuti pali ufulu onse ndi kumasulika.

4. Full kapena tsankho Kulipira dongosolo akale ndi kuchotsa iwo ndi atsopano kuti mukhale ubwino.

5. atchedwe ufulu wa chikumbumtima, ndi subordination mpingo wa zofuna za boma ndi anthu.

6. Ntchito yomanga latsopano, mwapang'onopang'ono anthu pa mfundo za kufanana chikhalidwe ndi chilungamo.

7. Kugwiritsa Ntchito kulemekeza aliyense wa gulu la anthu, ntchito yake, chuma ndi ufulu.

8. patsogolo chikhalidwe chiopsezo ku moyo ndi kuwapatutsa mu osankhika a.

9. oyamba misa yotakata makhalidwe collectivist yakulamulira individualistic kutsitsimuka.

10. kukhazikitsidwa kwa internationalism proletarian, amene amateteza ufulu, kufanana ndi abale a mitundu yonse.

Izi ndi mfundozo waukulu sosholisimu anapereka. The malire ufulu wa anthu ambiri a iwo kuganizira kapena anatsutsa mfundo zake pachimake.

maziko Socialist: kusintha kwa chiphunzitso kuchita

Mwina French zokomera ideologues cha m'ma XIX, ngati Saint-Simoni, Mafomu, Foriya, ndi zina Dezamy okha anakhulupirira zimene zinalembedwa ndi kulengezedwa. Koma pansi sosholisimu ankaona malire ufulu wa anthu, misa kuphunzira kokha kuchita, pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Socialists French kudzutsidwa matalala chilombo. Koma funde la kusintha ndi kuukira yotchuka chinapululutsa kwa Ulaya mu zaka 1848-1849, kodi kukwaniritsa zolinga zake. Voterani malire ufulu wa anthu, kuyanjana, ubale ndi zonse sosholisimu analengeza, anthu akanakhoza pokhapokha October kuukira boma la 1917 ku Russia. Ndipo anthu omwewo amene kukweza ndi "kwachilungamo kokwanila dongosolo," sakondwera ndi zimene anaona ndi anaitcha "wofiira mliri". Pakuti ife, ndi zotsala, koma tsopano tili amatha kuona sosholisimu ndi malire ufulu wa anthu mu ulemerero wawo wonse pa chitsanzo cha Cuba ndi Korea North.