Zimayambitsa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.) Ndipo zotsatira zake

zimayambitsa yambiri ya Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.) Ndinakopeka chiyambi cha nkhondo ya pakati pa maufumu awiri pa Balkan Peninsula. Iye anali tanthauzo zofunika kwa anthu Asilavo derali.

atasemphana osatha

Poganizira zimayambitsa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.), Iwo ayenera kuti mkangano mphamvu awiriwa anali okalamba ndipo kwambiri kuti aliyense zonse atasemphana zida anakhala zomveka kupitiriza ankapikisana zaka zakubadwa pakati pa mfumu ndi Sultan. Kuyambira pamenepo, m'zaka XVII limati awa anali wamba malire, nthawi anamenyana pa dziko ndi chuma.

Mu kupikisana izi Turkey mobwerezabwereza anagonjetsedwa, kupereka Romanov chigawo chatsopano - .. Chiyukireniya steppe, ndi ukulu Chimoludaviyani, etc. The kupatulapo anali mu Crimea Nkhondo ya 1853-1856, pamene Ufumu wa Ottoman poyera anathandiza Western ku Ulaya, oopa kulimbitsa kwambiri wa Russia. . Nicholas Ine anafa asanakalambe m'njira zambiri ku nsautso maganizo zokhudza kugonjetsedwa asilikali.

Mwana wa mfumu womwalirayo, Alexander Wachiwiri anali amalize nkhondo mothandizidwa ndi khama lingamutsatire zamtendere, kupita pa zokambirana yaikulu kwa Mgwirizano mdani. Koma ngakhale Pangano la 1856 anapereka malonjezo kuti mwazi Sikuyaka kachiwiri. Zimayambitsa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.) Alexander anapanga patapita zaka zambiri kachiwiri kupita kulimbana ndi Ottoman.

Kupondereza Balkan Asilavo

Pambuyo pa mapeto a Crimea nkhondo, mu mfundo imodzi ya Paris Mtendere, Turkey amatitsimikizira Kuyanjana pakathi pa anthu Muslim ndi Mkhristu wa dziko. Icho chinali chimodzi cha zotsutsana kwambiri pachimake pakati pa Ottoman ndi ena a ku Ulaya.

Turkey anali Asilamu, koma madera Balkan a boma moyo Asilavo ambiri - Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro ndi Bulgarians. anthu onsewa ndi Akhristu. Choncho, nkhondo pakati pawo ndi mtundu titular ankavala osati dziko, komanso wongodzinenera khalidwe.

Zimayambitsa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.) Kodi Umutu ndi wosiyana malo a Bulgarians. Onse Balkan anthu Asilavo anayang'ana pa mfumu ya St. Petersburg monga kumbuyo zofuna zake nthawi zonse ndipo kuti andithandize.

Sitingathe kunena kuti Sultan ndi boma lake anali kuseri kwa nkhanza Akhristu. Komabe, boma wakhala akukumana ndi kutsutsana koteroko m'dzikoli kudzera zala zake ndipo sanaletse Asilamu akamenyane ndi Bulgarians ndi ing'onoing'ono ina.

Pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi ku Turkey "unagawanika" Greece. Dziko ufulu wodzilamulira pambuyo pa zaka za nkhondo yoopsayo. Koma m'zaka zina zotsatira wa Ottoman anapitiriza kulamulira m'madera ena kumene adakali Ahelene moyo.

Chifukwa cha ichi, mu 1860s pa chilumba cha Kerete anali kumasulidwa kugalukira, amene anali kuponderezedwa mwankhanza. Choncho, zimayambitsa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo ya 1877-1878. Pali ndendende chakuti Ufumu wa Ottoman sipangakhalenso ku malire ake m'mbuyomu, ngakhale kulemekeza ufulu wa Balkan anthu ambiri.

zokambirana Gorchakov a

Alexander II anakhala mfumu pamene Russia wataya Crimea nkhondo. Iye anali kupita ku dziko akumane. Ngakhale dziko sanataye dera la Black Sea zombo anawonongedwa, wosakana malinga ndi mgwirizano. Pakuti St. Petersburg imeneyi zinali zamanyazi. Mfumu yatsopano aikidwa malo nduna ya za okhonda anakumana nthumwi Alexander Gorchakov. Akatswiri ambiri amamuona "imvi kadinala" mfundo Russian yachilendo ya chi.

The Tsar ndi Gorchakov anayamba kukonzekera mosalephera akuchuluka ubale ndi Ottoman ndi nkhondo imene ikubwera. Mu Russia, mu nthawi ya mtendere wadutsa kusintha zambiri: kukana serfdom, kusintha kwa asilikali ndi chuma. Onse zonsezi kuphatikizapo ziyenera kutithandiza modernize zoweta asilikali.

Prussia Union

Pambuyo mphamvu European poyera anathandiza Turkey mu Crimea nkhondo, akale asapita zamtendere ndi iwo anakhala zosatheka. The angakuthandizeni yekha wa St. Petersburg anakhala Berlin. Panthawi imeneyi, Mfumu ya Prussia msanga ogwirizana Germany, Ofuna kulenga umodzi dziko ufumu. Goliyati anali Austria. Habsburg mafumu, amene analamulira ku Vienna, ankanena za kugwirizana kwa Germany molamulidwa wake, koma idagonjetsedwa nkhondo yolimbana ndi Hohenzollern.

Mu 1870, Prussia anagonjetsa France mu nkhondo ya Alsace ndi Lorraine. kupambana Izi walola Mfumu ya Prussia kulengeza chilengedwe cha German Ufumu, amene mulinso ambiri ang'ono German ukulu. France anali mmodzi wa guarantors cha umphumphu wa Ottoman. Russia ndi Germany apereka ogwirizana zamtendere kutsogolo, kufuna kukakamiza Paris kusiya kudzipereka kwawo kwa Sultan. Dongosolo ili kwenikweni ntchito. Komanso, Russia wakhala kamodzinso anapambana ufulu kumanga zombo Nyanja Black.

Chibugariya kugalukira

Posachedwa oimira Russian ali mundi Blanche nkhondo ndi Ottoman. Akhudzidwa maziko zifukwa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.), Komanso ngati mgwirizano wa mphamvu European. Pa nthawi imeneyo dziko kumasulidwa kugalukira ku Bulgaria.

Janissaries ndalangidwa osati ndi militias, komanso anthu wamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878). Zotsatira za chiwembu bwanji mofulumira kwambiri. Russia kulengeza nkhondo pa Ottoman, anathandiza Bulgarians Orthodox amene anapempha thandizo kwa mfumu. Pa zaka zapitazi awiri pa magombe a Danube anapitiriza kukumana wamagazi pakati pa magulu ankhondo a m'mayiko amenewa.

zotsatira za kusagwirizanako

Kudziwa kodi zifukwa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1877-1878 gg.), Mutha ingoganizani izo zinatha. Asilikali a Alexander II anagonjetsa Muslims ndipo anaopseza kuti Istanbul. Sultan anali amachita zokambirana.

Mu 1878 ku San Stefano pangano mtendere anasaina. Malinga ndi iye, Romania, Serbia ndi Montenegro anakhala limati palokha. Bulgarians alandira kudziyimira pawokha waukulu. Posakhalitsa, de facto, iwo anatuluka pansi pa ulamuliro wa Istanbul. Russia anagwirizana Bessarabia ndi Kars dera mu South Caucasus.