Kodi ili Emirate wa Granada?

Iberia - adzakhale ndi azikhalidwe malo mwamtendere azikhala kwambiri European ano limati awiri - Spain ndi Portugal. Mbali zimenezi ndi zokongola kwambiri, osati mawu a mbadwa, komanso wotchuka kachitidwe zachilengedwe. Mbiri zaka zakubadwa wasiya kuda ake pa zomangamanga ndi m'maganizo mwa nzika.

Ndi kugwa

Kodi ili Emirate wa Granada? mzinda Granada yokha ili pa phazi la mapiri a Sierra Nevada, ndi mbali kumpoto kum'mawa. Part wa mzinda, amene akutchedwa "lakale", yomwe ili pa mapiri atatu: Sabika, Sacromonte ndi Albayzin.

Modern Granada m'mbuyomu anali anthu mafuko Spain ameneŵa. Iwo anamanga Pamudzi, yomwe kenako yayenda ndi Aroma ndipo dzina lake Illiberis.

Utatha Ufumu wa Roma, pa Vandals anapita ku dera Granada, koma 534, boma zotsiriza unatha, ndipo m'dera inalandidwa ndi Byzantines. Koma kale mu VII m'zaka za malo anayamba kukula boma Spain ameneŵa.

Chilemba kuposa tione yamakono ya Granada woyikidwa Asilamu otchedwa a Moor. Kulanda mzindawo mu 711, ndipo ngakhale anadzatchedwa mu Kalat-Gartata. M'nthawi ya kukhala m'mayiko a Asilamu otchedwa a Moor mzindawu osandulika mwa mawu a zomangamanga, iye anali mtundu wa kuukira chikhalidwe ndi moyo. Granada anakhala pakati sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, apa anabadwa yopanga silika ndi mkulu-mapeto zida.

Mu 1012 Granada Berbers anagwira ndi wolamulira zimadalira Ibn Ziri, amene anapanga tawuni likulu la ulamuliro Zirids mafumu, anayenera kusiya mpando wachifumu. A m'zaka za utsogoleri wawo mzinda kwambiri anawonjezera malire ndi Granada anakhala mzinda wolemera Andalusia. Motalikitsa ya mayiko amenewa akupatsa mphamvu Nisridov mafumu amene anapanga Emirate wa Granada. Mpaka 1492 mu Granada, khamu la zipilala mapulani omwe zokhudzana ndi nthawi Arab.

Pakutha pa XV m'ma Emirate wa Granada chinali chimake cha chipembedzo Chisilamu ndi chikhalidwe.

Reconquista siyinatayike pa mayiko amenewa, ndipo pa mavuto mafumu Spanish la mzinda lidagwa. chochitika Izi zinachititsa kuti kuchepa mu mzinda wokongola, anthu achabe akuzigawo Spanish m'tawuni. Anasintha ndi maonekedwe akunja a misewu, nyumba ndi mzinda wonsewo.

Moyo Emirate wa Granada

Emirate wa Granada inali kuti? Pa zimene chilumba anali mmodzi wa bastions wamkulu wa chipembedzo Chisilamu? The Muslim matsirizidwe mu Europe chinakhalapo mpaka 1492. Ngakhale mu dera la Iberia m'dera lamapiri la Mediterranean, zinali zovuta kuti akafike mdani, zinali zovuta kuti amuzungulire ndi kudzipatula. Izi kwachititsa viability ya boma.

Emirate wa Granada kotani pa dera la Iberia zaka zoposa 250. Ndipo kuwonjezera pa zaphindu malo Hrs chinathandiza izi ndi zinthu zina.

Ngakhale kusiyana achipembedzo cha Chisilamu ndi Chikhristu, mavuto ena ofunika a dziko akale anali osiyana kwambiri. Pa chilumba moyo anthu ku zipembedzo zosiyana. Komabe, iwo sanali amakhala kutali ndi aliyense, m'mayiko Muslim anthu Akatolika ambiri ndi mosemphanitsa. Asilamu zimakhala mbali yaikulu ya anthu. The wachitatu wofunika Ayuda dziko anali. The heterogeneity amoyo pang'onopang'ono kutsegula kusiyana mitundu ndi zipembedzo, ndi mwayi kuti akonze mtundu wapadera wa moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha emirate lapansi.

nkhondo

Infighting mu Iberia, panalibe nthawi zipembedzo chimalimbikitsa, koma chifukwa cha kulimbana kwa gawo latsopano. Kupatula Granada ali ndi mphamvu Muslim anali North Africa Marinids. Iwo, monga magulu ena onse, analowa mapangano yochepa ankakhala ndi chiyanjano, amene ataya kufunika awo mu masiku pang'ono. Mu Middle Ages pali bwino ogaŵikana maufumu zitatu zikuluzikulu zomwe Aragon, Castile ndi Chipwitikizi. Kusagwirizana ndi infighting yekha kufooketsa iwo.

Culture ndi chipembedzo

Ali Emirate wa Granada tsopano? Granada okongola ndi wapadera mzinda, osati kuchokera mbiri imanena. Kucha khangaza zipatso chizindikiro heraldic malo zithunzizi wakumwamba. Emirate wa Granada lili kum'mawa kwa Andalusia, kum'mwera kwa Spain lero.

kulolera zipembedzo

Akhristu, Ayuda ndi Asilamu anasiya ufulu kuchita miyambo yawo m'matchalitchi awo. Mwa kubwerera iwo ayenera ulamuliro wa dziko lapansi ndi kulipira misonkho ina.

chilankhulo

Mu kukula kwa emirate sanali ndi chinenero cha boma. The Kuthi ndi mabwalo akuluakulu a anthu mokwanira ntchito, monga Chiarabu ndi Latin, ndi Chiheberi. Izi anali kugwirizana ndi mpweya wambiri wa Muslim Spain ndi kukhalapo mu zida boma anapanga Ayuda ndi Akhrisitu. Anthu onse anali pansi pa chitetezero cha kazembe ambiri mosaganizira chipembedzo ndiponso dziko.

vuto la zachuma

Likulu la emirate wa Granada, Granada, ndi ambiri anayamba mawu zachuma, m'mizinda yonse yoyenda yokha gulu la Andalusia.

Chiwerengero chinkhoswe mu ulimi ndi zamanja. Mogwirizana ndi makonzedwe a Quran ndi kuletsa kumwa nkhumba anayamba nkhosa.

The wofatsa Mediterranean nyengo limachititsa mwachangu kukhala ulimi ndi kulima mbewu monga chimanga mu Komanso, panali bwino anayamba horticulture ndi kulima mitengo ya maolivi.

Akatswiri anatenga okhala lonse la m'mizinda ikuluikulu Chisilamu. Ufiti linali banja ankagwira kapena yogwiritsa ntchito m'madera monse. moyo Community ankachita khama kwambiri pa chitetezo cha okhalamo ake ndi m'ndende ya anthu osauka ndi anthu odwala.

malonda

A boma nzika za nkhondo, mwamtheradi wofooka malonda zoweta ndi achilendo a pachilumbachi. Malonda pa osayanjanitsika akadali intensively anayamba misika owatsutsa. Anthu ndi mabungwe waukulu malonda anali anansi - kugombe la Africa North ndi maufumu Mkhristu. The mankhwala chachikulu ndi: mafuta a azitona, ubweya, zida ndi zodzikongoletsera. Ku Africa kwa Emirate wa Granada anabweretsa wapatali njovu, zonunkhira ndi thonje.

Alhambra

Dziko wotchuka Granada kukopeka ndi lodziwika bwino Alhambra yachifumu zovuta. Linamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Moor mafumu Nisridov. Mpaka pano, makoma ake pa phiri ndipo limaonekera kuchokera kulikonse mzinda. Izi si malo a asilikali, komanso okhala lonse la olamulira Muslim.

Emirate wa Granada lero - ndi malo odabwitsa mu Iberia, Chili madera osiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi yaitali ndi mbiri yotchuka.