Khalid Ibn al-Walid, ikutchedwa Saifullah ( "lupanga la Allah"). Anzake a Mtumiki Muhammad

Khalid Ibn al-Walid ndi amene anagonjetsa Mneneri Muhammad, patapita nthawi imodzi wokhulupirika kwambiri anzake, wankhondo wamkulu ndi pulani waluntha. Woyamba wa voennokomanduyuschih Muslim, amene wapita kupitirira Arabia nachiyika pa mawondo ake chachikulu Ufumu wa Byzantium.

mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro

Khalid Ibn al-Walid anabadwa mu mzinda wotchuka wa Islam - Mecca, m'chaka cha 592 ndipo kwawo kunali ku fuko la Quraish. Iye anali asilikali mtsogoleri bwino kwambiri mu mbiri ya Asilamu, ndi zigonjetso nkhondo 43 lalikulu ndi konse wogonjetsedwa. Iye analowa mbiri ya dziko lapansi monga namatetule wa njira zomenyera nkhondo. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti wosanganiza nkhanza za Genghis Khan, Tamerlane ndi nzeru mwatsatanetsatane mphamvu Napoleon a. Imodzi mwa mawu ake ankakonda amapita: "mantha sadzakhala kutalikitsa moyo wanga, ndi mtima osati kuchepetsa izo." Asilikali ake anapambana chilango okhwima, asilikali anali wolimba mtima wolemekezeka ndi mphamvu kusintha kwambiri malo opanda kuzinga yaitali.

Poyamba zinali ndi Asilamu ndi Mtumiki Muhammad, kumenyana kumbali ya Quraish ndi kale anasonyeza kuti amatha asilikali kutsogolera, kugonjetseratu Asilamu pankhondo ya Uhud.

Islam anatenga chaka 7 mu mzere AH, mwamsanga 8 chaka nkhondo Mneneri, kusonyeza mphamvu yake chidwi pothana. 10 AH ndi izo gawo lalikulu la anthu m'chigawo cha Najran anatembenukira kwa Islam, ndi '13 anapambana chigonjetso wotchuka pa Yarmuk, pamene pafupifupi onse Syria anagwirizana ndi Asilamu.

Iye anali kutilanga kwambiri ndi woganiza wankhondo, koma nthawi zina khalidwe zosayembekezereka: kamodzi, kukhala kutsogolo kwawo atasiya ntchito ya usilikali ndipo anapita Hajj. Pa ichi iye anachotsedwa malo ake monga mtsogoleri kutsogolo. Koma, anapatsidwa zimene anachita, ku positi voenokomanduyuschego gulu lonse zikadali sanayese n'komwe kulanga kwambiri - Ndipotu maganizo ake, luso mwatsatanetsatane nkhondowo, ndi mumayendera anali odziwika bwino. Kenako, mtsogoleri Omar koma anamuchotsa natembenukira kwa ntchito ya boma.

Anafa Khalid Ibn al-Walid zaka 58, m'chaka zokwana 643 pakati (21 TH AH) ku matenda mu mzinda wa Homs, mu Syria kumeneko ndi kuikidwa m'manda.

Kodi Sayfullaha wotchedwa?

Saifullah - mu Arabic amatanthauza "lupanga la Allah." N'chifukwa chiyani mkulu anzeru muli ndi dzina?

Mu nkhondo ndi Byzantines, umene unachitikira Muta, Khalid kanali koyamba kumbali ya Mneneri Muhammad. nkhondo kunali koopsa kwambiri, anapha asilikali onse wagawo, ndi mosaopa Khalid anatenga lamulo. Iye asankura wapadera mthunzi machenjerero kupewa kugonjetsedwa ndi Musataye asilikali. Pakuti kulimbamtima ndi pothana wa Mtumiki mwiniyo anatcha izo Sayfullahom. Kuyambira pamenepo, kotero mwaulemu ndipo anawaitana.

zochuluka asilikali

Chifukwa cha Khalid ambiri kupambana zazikulu chimodzimodzi nkhondo pang'ono. Iye anali wotchuka chifukwa cha zochita mwamsanga ndi adani ankhanza nkhondo kusonyeza wokhala nkhanza, yosalekerera munthu aliyense, ziribe kanthu yemwe anayima mu njira yake. The kwambiri mu mbiri ya mapangidwe Islam:

• akamenyane Byzantium ndi Letsani (woyamba Khalid pansi mbendera za Mtumiki);
• anagonjetsa Mecca;
• Nkhondo ya Hunain (pali msilikali wolimba anali kwambiri anavulazidwa);
• kuzinga Ta'if;
• nkhondo ndi mneneri wonyenga Huvaylidom mu Buzahe ndi kugonja kotheratu ya mdaniyo;
• Yamamah chamtsogolo ndi kupambana izo;
• Nkhondo ya Valadzhe, imodzi yabwino nkhondo wake;
• Nkhondo ndi Sassanid Iran ku Iraq (miyezi iwiri kumenyana oopsa - ndi kuwina Sayfulaha manja);
• nkhondo pafupi Adzhnadin imene tingathe kumvetsa kufunika kwa luso Khalid;
• chigonjetso chachikulu cha Yarmouk, amene anagonjetsedwa pafupifupi 40,000 asilikali Byzantine.

Fanizo la wankhondo wamkulu

Sayfullaha amamwalira, anapita kwa bwenzi lapamtima. The wankhondo wamkulu anamuonetsa mwendo ndipo anafunsa kuti:

- Kodi mukuona malo pano lalikulu kuposa kanjedza yomwe si yokutidwa ndi mabala ndi zilonda?

Lililonse mwendo anayang'ana ndipo anati:

- Ayi, ine sindikuwona.

Khalid Ibn al-Walid anasonyeza mwendo chachiwiri, ndipo anafunsa chinthu chomwecho. Ndipo kamodzinso ndinalandira poyankha kukana lapansi. Kenako anafunsa kuti afufuze manja ndi torso, kufunsa onse chimodzimodzi.

- Ayi, wokondedwa, ndi mtunda wautali pakati pa zipsera ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa pachikhatho cha! Kodi n'zotheka kukhalabe pambuyo kuvulala zambiri?

Khalid mwachisoni anayankha kuti:

- ndinkakonda kucheza ndi imfa ya zikwi nkhondo, koma chifukwa sindinafe nkhondo?

A bwenzi lanzeru anayankha kuti:

- O, Khalid! Inu simungakhoze angafe pankhondo - mneneri wamkulu anakupatsani dzina la "Lupanga la Allah". Ndipo lingathetsedwe lupanga la Allah pa nkhondo pa manja a cholakwika? Ndi zosatheka!

Kamodzi bwenzi lokhulupirika wapita, Khalid Ibn al-Walid mwachisoni anati kwa wantchito wake, hammam, molemekeza namtumikira Iye;

- ndikufa ngati ngamira mu chipululu. Ine kufa ndi manyazi, pakama.

Khalid mzikiti

Shrine ya mwapang'ono ambiri lili Homs (Syria), mzikiti zazikulu mu ulemerero wa zochuluka wake inamangidwa pa izo, koma nthawi ya nkhondo mu 2013 izo pang'ono kuwonongedwa. Pambuyo ndi kuthetsa mikangano ndi Pulezidenti Siriya inaika lamulo kubwezeretsa chipilala mbiri.

Mu Bashkortostan, Sterlitamak mu pali mzikiti, Anamanga kwa ulemerero wa Al-Walid mu 2010.

Ashab al-Kiram

M'chizungumo, amatanthauza "anzake wokhulupirika Mneneri Muhamadi" omwe m'magulu atatu:

• Muhajirs (osamukira ku Mecca moti banja ndi chuma chawo chonse chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro);
• Ansar (anthu zakwawoko wa Makkah);
• Sahaabah (amene anatembenukira kwa Islam ku malo ena).

Kwawo komanso Ansar ali ndi atsogoleri utsogoleri, abwanamkubwa, ndi Sahaabah anali transmitters wa Hadith (narrations a ntchito za mneneri wamkulu, moyo wake, malingaliro ake). Hadiths anali maziko a ziphunzitso zabwino ndiponso malamulo mwa Asilamu. Otsatira a mwambo uwu kukhalabe kutchuka wautali kwambiri ndi ulemu pa okhulupirira.

Mwachidule, kumvetsa anzake anali anthu amene anali ndi mwayi kuti tikhale Mneneri Muhamadi, ziribe kanthu angati - mphindi zisanu kapena moyo. Mayina a anthu awa onse aphatikizidwa dikishonale wapadera kuti imalemba ntchito zawo zonse, anamanganso ndi zazikulu. Akatswiri Muslim amanena kuti zonse zinali za 12 zikwi anzake a Mtumiki Muhammad, amene anali Khalid Ibn al-Walid.

Zaka zoposa 1,400 zapitazo, tinayamba njira woyamba wa Islam padziko lapansi - amatilimbikitsa amene ofunitsitsa kupirira mavuto a moyo pa njira yopita ku Choonadi, ndipo Khalid Ibn al-Walid m'mbiri ya Islam waima kutsogolo, adzalemekezedwa ndi Asilamu onse a dziko.