Chiphunzitso Antinormanskaya

Pankhani antinormanskoy chiphunzitso, ndiye, ndithudi, n'zosatheka osati kutchula Norman, kumene zoona, amakankhira woyamba. Onse a iwo akuganiza mbiri ya boma Russian. Pamaziko a nthawi zonse amachitika onse a m'maganizo ndale. Lang'anani, ndi nkhani zonse anakumana nthumwi zambiri za sayansi zosiyanasiyana, monga mbiri, zilankhulo zinthu zakale, malo ndi zina zotero.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso Norman aikiwa mu zaka 30-60 cha XVIII atumwi, asayansi ku Germany GF Miller ndi IG Bayer, amene panthawiyo ntchito mu Academy of Sciences ku St. Petersburg. Iwo lofalitsidwa kwambiri ntchito sayansi, ena amene tadzipereka kwa chiphunzitso Norman, ndipo iwo akhala kwa nthawi yoyamba amanena kuti Old Russian boma analenga Scandinavia. Pa nthawi yomweyo anagwira ntchito Russian AL Schlötzer, mbiri German amene anaphunzira akale magwero Russian, makamaka, Nestor ya mbiri. Mwina Schlötzer kukhala zimakupiza ambiri odzipereka a chiphunzitso Norman.

Koma odziwika wasayansi MV Lomonosov, yemwe analemba mbiri ya Russia m'malo mwa Mfumukazi Elizabeth I, pamodzi ndi wina wotchuka mbiri VT atischevym kwambiri sanatsutse mfundo imeneyi. chiphunzitso Antinormanskaya zachokera kafukufuku wa asayansi awa. Anakhala kwambiri amafufuza magwero osiyanasiyana ndi malo pofukula, pofuna kupeza choonadi. Antinormanskaya chiphunzitso komanso unali mutu wa ntchito za S. Gedeonov amene analemba "Scandinavia ndi Yairo. azambiriyakale ndiwofatsa Ilovajskij D. ndi M. Moroshkin komanso ankafufuza nkhaniyi ndi kulipanga cholowa mfundo wosatsutsika. Choncho, pali mbali ziwiri: Norman ndi antinormanskoe (Asilavo) kuti ankadalira mbiri awiri, motero, ndipo Lavrentian Hypation.

Normanists amakhulupirira kuti pa nthawi imodzi mafuko Norman anayamba kulamulira kum'mawa Asilavo, nalanda iwo chifukwa cha zankhanza m'njira mtendere, ndipo mutsutsidwa kuti mawu akuti "Russia" ali Norman chiyambi. Poyankha antinormanskaya mkangano chiphunzitso ndi mokomera chakuti mawu amenewa anapanga mu izo kale kuti, mu nthawi yayitali yapitayo. Zikhulupiriro zawo n'zochokera pa "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti mosiyana ndi mfundo za chiphunzitso Norman. Pali kujambula anapanga 1852, limene limatiuza kuti pamene Byzantium analamulira Mikhail, dziko Russian kale dzina lake. Hypation ndi Laurentian mbiri kuti onse a mafuko a kumpoto Asilavo anapempha Normandy kulamulira, ndipo Russia anali nazonso. Koma akatswiri DS Likhachev ndi Tikhomirov kukana kulowa ichi monga pachiyambi ndi monga pakuwonekera kwake m'mbiri patsogolo. Iwo akufotokoza zifukwa chandale mol kutsutsa mzake ndi Byzantine Kiev Lazaro. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mlembi amafotokoza za chiyambi achilendo ndi akalonga a mafumu a.

Inde, Normandy kuti si nthawi zonse mwamtheradi mokwanira kumasulira mabuku a mbiri yakale, komanso chiphunzitso antinormanskaya alinso zolakwa zake noticeable kwambiri. Sikutheka kukana kuti Normandy analipo ku Russia ndipo anali wotakataka, asiya m'mbiri. Ena amakana kuli Rurik. Izi, ndithudi, izo zikanakhoza kukhala zotheka, koma kwambiri n'zokayikitsa chifukwa likuthandiza ndi pedigree kwambiri mu mbiri. Makamaka kuti mzera wa akalonga ndi mafumu pambuyo linachokera ku Igor, anali ndi dzina "Rurik" mpaka cha m'ma XVI.

Kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri ndi antinormanskaya chiphunzitso Norman za chiyambi cha Old Russian mikangano boma chifukwa pakati pa otsatira awo. Koma amene ali bwino, palibe otetezedwa anganene. Pa zaka aliko mbiri yakale awo nsonga mamba mokomera munthu, ndiye mbali inayo.