Ibrahim Hannibal: yonena, chidwi mfundo, zithunzi

chakuti Tsar Peter ndinali pa bwalo, "yachikuda", aliyense amadziwa. Kwalembedwa mabuku mabuku amene limanena kuti Pushkin yaikulu m'malo osiyanasiyana anali pa mzere wake. Komanso, wolemba ndakatulo moyo imeneyi dzina la makolo ake zodabwitsa kulemba buku wakuti "Arap Petra Wamkulu." dzina lake anali Ibrahim Hannibal.

yonena

Pamene 1697 panali mwana chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, palibe amene longoganizira mu banja Abyssinian kalonga, chimene kupita zodabwitsa anamukonzera moyo. Monga mwana, mnyamata imatumizidwa ku Constantinople, ku bwalo la Turkey Sultan ngati kukhulupirika akapolo a fuko lake. Pali tsogolo Russian asilikali injiniya Hannibal Abram Petrovich anali mtumiki seraglio lapansi. Azambiriyakale kuganizira Baibulo ambiri ndithu. Ngakhale zambiri chiyambi chenicheni cha "yachikuda" Petro, lotchedwa Ibrahim Hannibal, akadali kutsutsana ndi mbiri yakale ndipo ethnographers. Ngakhale wolemba Vladimir Nabokov anali kufunafuna nyumba woona wa yemwe anali agogo a Pushkin. Zinali iye amene anena kuti Gannibal Abram Petrovich, amene lalifupi yonena - izo zangokhala nthano anausankha iye, mwangozi anapanga ndi udindo waukulu Russia anthu. Popeza anafika malo ena m'bwalo, "yachikuda" inatulukiridwa yekha wolemekezeka banja mtengo. Ngakhale makamaka, Ibrahim Hannibal anali ambiri ndipo rootless mnyamata amene m'mene waba ku Cameroon, kugulitsa akapolo anabweretsa Turkey, kumene anagulitsidwa kwa mfumu ina ku seraglio lapansi.

Russia - nyumba yachiwiri

Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, ndi nthawi King Peter, amene anali kwambiri amakonda mitundu yonse ya curiosities, anaganiza kudzaza zosonkhanitsira njira kwambiri choyambirira. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mafashoni Europe anaupereka zonse kwa "wakuda mwana." Wokongola wakuda mnyamata zovala molemera nsalu iliyonse mpira kapena phwando olemekezeka ndi mafumu anali kutumikira otchuka. Ndicho chifukwa Peter anamukwiyira kwambiri udzafunidwa kwa iye ndipo anapeza "arapchonka". ntchito ndi mu bwalo anaika pa Russian kazembe ku Constantinople. Iye ankayesetsa onse Inde limasonyeza kuti anali pa bwalo la Turkey. Ndipo anagulidwa mwa Ibrahim Hannibal, amene yonena wasintha kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo.

Kusamukira ku khoti Russian

Choncho anayamba ulendo wina wa wakuda mnyamata yaing'ono kutali ndi kuzizira kwa dziko wokhala otentha wa St. Petersburg. Petru Skitalets ankakonda kwambiri maganizo ake mumangidwa mfumu kutamandidwa quickness wake, ndi "chizolowezi sayansi zosiyanasiyana." A pang'ono anakulira, Ibrahim Hannibal anayamba kusewera osati mbali ya mtumiki ndipo valet Russian mfumu, koma ngakhale mlembi wake. Mpaka 1716, yachikuda, nthawi zonse kukhala ndi mfumu ndinayamba ankakonda wake, ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti khoti Russian panali ena ambiri atumiki wakuda.

moyo watsopano

Nzosadabwitsa ndinkaona Peter Wamkulu. Iye anali wanzeru pafupifupi chilichonse, ngakhale mu mawonekedwe ake eccentricities. Atazindikira mu "wakuda mnyamata" nzeru ndi khama kwambiri mfumu anaganiza zomutumiza mlembi awo kukhwima mu Paris, choncho anaphunzira sayansi asilikali. Pa nthawi imeneyo ku Europe, mkulu wa Petulo ankatsogolera zambiri boyars, kapena ana a amazikonda anthu otchuka - "greenhorns" amene sanafune kuphunzira chirichonse, kawirikawiri Kuwonjezera "ulemu" kapena kususuka mwinamwake sanachite m'mayiko kunja. Ibrahim Hannibal komanso anatumizidwa ku Europe ndi Peter ngati kunyazitsa loafers wolimba. Mfumu ankafuna kuwatsimikizira kuti khama ndiponso khama sayansi, ngakhale kwa molapitsa izi African adzatha kupanga ophunzira munthu - ndi States.

Ndipo Petro sanalakwe: achinyamata "arapchonok" anakumana zoyembezereka za mtanda. Kuyambira tsopano, dzina lake anali Gannibal Abram Petrovich. Anabadwa chatsopanochi godson ndi Mfumu mu mapepala onse amalembedwa conventionally - 1697. Patronymic "Petrovich" analandira kwa Peter, amene panokha adam'batiza iye. Pa Russian Court "arapchonok" mukutengera chikhulupiriro cha Akhristu, iye anali dzina m'Baibulo - Abraham, dzina kumanzere Hannibal polemekeza wopambana wa Aroma ndi wotchuka Carthaginian mkulu. Mwa ichi chonse, olemba mbiri aona ina Peter nzeru mfumu ankafuna zinthu wake wamng'ono kwambiri ndi zinthu zazikulu.

maphunziro

Ku Russia Gannibal Abram Petrovich, amene yonena ndi kuyambira tsopano zinasintha kwambiri, ndinapita ndi kalata imene Peter Ineyo pandekha ku Duke de A Menou. Yotsirizira anali wachibale wa Louis XV nalamulira lonse la zida zankhondo achifumu. Mu godson wake Mfumu anali kulondola. Young munthu wouma anaphunzira masamu ndi zomangamanga, anaphunzira ballistics ndi mpanda. Maphunziro usilikali mu udindo wa mkulu zida zankhondo. "Khalani" izo unachitikira mu Spanish nkhondo, kumene iye anaonetsa kulimba mtima kwambiri ndipo ngakhale anavulala.

ntchito Early

Njira imeneyi kuphunzira zinafika chakuti tsar Russian anafuna kuona ziweto. Peter adamfunsa Pet wake ku Russia, koma Ibrahim Hannibal, zonse mwadzidzidzi "Anapitirizabe" mu Paris. City chikondi ndi chitonthozo kwambiri ankakopa mu maukonde. Komanso, wokongola wakuda wokongola "ali maso" atakwatirana ndi munthu wotchuka okalamba. Iye anakopeka Ibrahim, iwo anamenyera chibwenzi kamvuluvulu, amene kwambiri anadabwitsa anthu ambiri mu dziko Parisian. Komanso, nkhani pang'ono kutha yochititsa manyazi. The wotchuka anakhalanso ndi pakati, nabala. Ndipo, monga akhoza ankaganizira, anabadwa ... mwana wakuda. kumuyalutsa anali bata mmwamba, ngakhale movutikira. Mwamuna pano - ndi Zithunzi kuti musakhale akuganiza wa mkazi woukira boma, pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu kuti azipita, ndipo m'malo wakuda kuika woyera mchikuta, ogulidwa kuchokera ena m'banja losauka. Izi mwana yemweyo anaperekedwa "m'manja mwa" pa maphunziro.

Mwambi wakuda "arapchonka"

Kumene anachokera, chachinsinsi Ibrahim Hannibal? Kodi analidi moyo wa munthu, kotero mosayembekezeka chikanachitika mu mbiri ya Russia? Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti si njira limafotokonzera wotsogolera filimu wake Mitt. Kodi kwenikweni kuyang'ana Gannibal Abram Petrovich? Yerekezerani kuti, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu, kulibe, koma mu Paris National Museum pali chithunzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika wamng'ono godson Velikogo Petra. Nthawi zambiri, munthu waphimbika mu zinsinsi zambiri. Choyamba, chithunzicho amene analenga chithunzi, anabadwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pa imfa Ibrahim, kotero iye sakanakhoza kuwona pachiyambi.

Komanso, palibe amene akudziwa chimene chinachitika kwa woyamba wa godson mfumu, amene anabala wotchuka. Ngakhale Pushkin mosamala kusonkhanitsa kwambiri zokhudza kholo lawo chodabwitsa, iye analemba mawu a abale ake. Choncho, kwa ena kunena ngati mwana kapena kuyambitsa kwa Alexander, zosatheka. Chinthu chimodzi chili, Ibrahim Petrovich kunalibe tepi wofiira ndipo palibe masiketi kuthamangitsa. ntchito yake ndi nkhawa kwambiri utumiki ndi mpando wachifumu.

Zokwera ndi zotsika

Tikaonanso Russia, iye caressed Peter, mnyamata kwathunthu utumiki wake. Iye anapitiriza kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya pamtanda. Total Ibrahim Hannibal anapulumuka asanu mafumu Russian ndi empresses. Nkhondo iye analibe. Pa moyo wake, godson a Peter anamanga doko, forts ndi arsenals, anatsogolera mpanda ntchito nyumba ambiri otchuka monga Petrine komanso nthawi postpetrovskoy, kuphatikizapo Kronstadt ndi Paulo Linga.
Pa moyo wake, Gannibal Abram Petrovich, yemwe mbadwa akadali kusonkhanitsa zipangizo za iye, ndipo anaona chamanyazi, ndipo ngakhale mwachidule ukapolo ku Siberia. Koma iye adali kutali ku bwalo anapitiriza kumanga. Pamene iye anabwerera kuchokera ku ukapolo, kamodzinso anatha apeze udindo ndi chuma. Pachimake pa ntchito yake, godson wa Petro anafika Mfumukazi Elizabeti. Mu 1759 iye anali kupereka usilikali udindo wapamwamba wa General-mu-Chief, ndi Alexander riboni pa chifuwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anayamba kutsogolera Corps wa Akatswiri pansi mfumu. Chotero kuwunika mkulu mwa zinthu zake pa Mfumukazi anali Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

banja

moyo zinali kutali yosalala ndi madzulo. Mlendo asapita zosafunikira, adadza ku ukwati kufunikira zothandiza - ndi cholinga chobereka chokha. Pamene Ibrahim Hannibal mu 1731-mamita ophatikizana ukwati woyamba, Peter sanalinso pambali pake. Moor anasankhidwa oyamba Dioper Greek - mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa ngalawa. Bambo wopalidwa ubwenzi Evdokia kwa iye, ngakhale iye anali mkwatibwi ali wakuda, koma mabungwe ndi olemera. Koma posakhalitsa anakondwera chimwemwe m'banja Gannibal Abram Petrovich. mkazi wake wokondedwa wina. Iye anapita pansi kanjira ndi motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake, ndi malamulo bambo ake. Wosankhidwa wa mtima wake anali msilikali Kaysarovich iye mozama mu chikondi. Mu ukwati, iye wokhu-, monga iye akanathera, wopha mwamuna wake wakuda. Posachedwa Hannibal, atalandira "akulu" chikhazikitso ndi banja lake anasamukira ku mzinda wa Pernau. Tsiku Evdokia ndi Kaysarovicha kwenikweni anasiya, koma iye mwamsanga anapeza latsopano wokonda - achinyamata wochititsa Yakov Shishkov. Ndipo posachedwa mkazi wake anakhala ndi pakati. Hannibal analindirira mwana wake, koma anabadwa woyera mtsikana. Ndipo ngakhale ichinso zinachitika mabanja wosanganiza, mwamuna Koma anakwiya. Iye mwankhanza amenye mkazi wake. Komanso, kunyozedwa Ibrahim sanaleke: m'ndende wompereka anaipanga m'chipinda wozunzikirapo. Maphunziro Evdokia moyo wake amonke.

Ibrahim sanakhale yekha. Posachedwa mkwatibwi wake watsopano wopalidwa ubwenzi. nthawi iyi anali German Christina Von Shaberg. Pamene mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa Regiment Pernovskogo, iye amawaona kuti agogo aakazi a Pushkin - wolemba ndakatulo, amene osokonezeka African, Russian ndi German magazi. Mu 1736-mamita Ibrahim Hannibal kachiwiri mwalamulo m'banja. Komabe, komabe si zotheka kuti apereke chisudzulo ndi Evdokia, kotero zaka zingapo, Ibrahim Petrovich anali bigamist. Only malo apamwamba analola kupewa manyazi ndipo, ndithudi, vuto kugwirizana nazo. Pomaliza, chilekano ndi Evdokia anatha apereke patapita zaka seventini - mu 1753.

mbadwa

Ibrahim ukwati ndi Christina anali cholimba kwambiri ndi wakhama. Iwo anali ndi ana aakazi anayi ndi ana asanu. Gannibal Abram Petrovich, amene ana kapena zakuda kapena kwambiri, ndipo adakhala wokondwa mu ukwati wake wachiwiri. Koma m'badwo wachiwiri - ndi adzukulu - Kenako anabalalikira khungu European ndi nkhope German. Nthawi zambiri, chisakanizo cha African ndi lobaya ozizira magazi German yayenda bwino zodabwitsa. Pakati pa ana a Hannibal anali lagolide ndi maso a buluu, kapena, kapena wakuda eyed ndi khungu lakuda. Mmodzi wa ana ake - Osip - anakagwira ntchito apanyanja. Iye anakwatira mwana wa Tambov kazembeyo. Ku ukwati anabadwa mwana wamkazi wokongola - kuyembekeza kuti chiwalitsiro cha dzina lakuti "wokongola Creole." Iwo anali ndi tsitsi mdima ndi maso achikasu kanjedza - chizindikiro cha chibadwa African. Mu 1796 "wokongola Creole" anakwatira odzichepetsa mkulu Izmailovskii Sergeya Lvovicha Pushkina Regiment, ndipo mu 1799 anali ndi mwana - Alexander, tsogolo kwambiri ndakatulo, amene agogo anali Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Imathamanga chopereka kwambiri chitukuko cha godson wake Peter mbatata mu dziko lathu. Choyamba mabedi ndi mbatata, imathamanga, anaonekera mu Russia mu Mfumu choyamba. Petr Veliky chikhalidwe ikukula mu Strelna kuyembekeza ntchito ngati chomera mankhwala. Catherine II yemweyo, poganiza kuti "earthy apulo" angagwiritsidwe ntchito zaka Taphunzira, akuyang'anira Hannibal, amene bwino zomera, yesani kuchita kuswana mbatata pa Manor lapansi. Farmstead "Suyda", wokwatibwa ndi Ibrahim, anali malo oyamba pa nthaka Russian, amene choyamba anaonekera minda woyamba yaing'ono ndiyeno lalikulu anabzala ndi mbewu izi. Ibrahim Hannibal analemba Maulendo Ake, ndi mu French, koma pa mapeto a moyo wake iye anawononga.

Kodi zinali zachilendo anali maganizo ake achitetezo a. Mu 1743, pamene iye m'manja mbali ya m'mudzi mwawo otchedwa Ragoli kupanga renti maziko Tirenu, anaphatikizapo mu mgwirizano ena chodabwitsa mfundo za nthawi, monga oletsa chilango ogwirika poyerekezera ndi osawuka, ndi kuwonjezeka anaika pamaso malamulo a serfdom, ndi zina zotero. D. A pamene pulofesa anathyola iwo, Hannibal anathetsa pangano kukhoti. Dongosololi wachititsa yosokoneza m'derali, amene maganizo awo, akanayenera wolakwa maziko Tyrena kuti m'malamulo a si ankaona. Abram Hannibal adakwanitsa kupambana njira, koma kwenikweni anachita wamba Estonia. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya serfdom mu Russia mwininyumba chogwira zimene analanga ndi kuwakwapula wamba, zosalemekeza malamulo anakhazikitsa wa serfdom.

Kufikira tsopano lino, yonena za Hannibal zambiri osadziwika. Baibulo chikhalidwe cha chiyambi chake ndi malo obadwira zogwirizana Petulo Moor ndi Abyssinia - kumpoto Ethiopia a. Koma kafukufuku wa posachedwapa kuti anali Sorbonne maphunziro Beninese Asilavo Dieudonné Gnammank, woyambitsa "Abram Hannibal", kudziwa ngati nyumba ya malire yamakono ya Chad ndi Cameroon. Pali kamodzi anali sultanate Logon dziko Kotoko. Ndipo kuti ndi mbadwa ya chitukuko, malinga ndi wolemba, ndipo anali Hannibal.

Mapeto a moyo

Ambiri mwa ana a godson a Peter mibadwo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri - kuleza livers. Iyemwini anayambitsa dzina ili mokweza anamwalira ali ndi zaka eyite-faifi, miyezi iwiri pambuyo pa imfa ya mkazi wake wokhulupirika, Christine. Iye anabwera kuchokera mu 1761 kwayekha, ankakhala moyo mu chimodzi cha zigawo zambiri okwana zachinsinsi.